($RCSfile: noun.animal,v $ $Revision: 9.0 $ $Date: 2011/02/06 21:16:39 $ $Name:  $ $State: Rel $)
(Copyright (c) 1988-2011 by Princeton University)

(noun.animal)

{ Animalia, kingdom_Animalia, animal_kingdom, noun.group:kingdom2,@ (taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct animals) }

{ recombinant, noun.Tops:cell,@ noun.Tops:organism,@ (a cell or organism in which genetic recombination has occurred) }
{ conspecific, noun.Tops:organism,@ (an organism belonging to the same species as another organism) }
{ carrier, noun.Tops:organism,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) an organism that possesses a recessive gene whose effect is masked by a dominant allele; the associated trait is not apparent but can be passed on to offspring) }
{ pest, noun.Tops:animal,@ (any unwanted and destructive insect or other animal that attacks food or crops or livestock etc.; "he sprayed the garden to get rid of pests"; "many pests have developed resistance to the common pesticides") }
{ critter, noun.Tops:animal,@ (a regional term for `creature' (especially for domestic animals)) }
{ creepy-crawly, noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal that creeps or crawls (such as worms or spiders or insects)) }
{ [ darter, verb.motion:dart2,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (a person or other animal that moves abruptly and rapidly; "squirrels are darters") }
{ denizen, noun.Tops:organism,@ (a plant or animal naturalized in a region; "denizens of field and forest"; "denizens of the deep") }
{ [ peeper, verb.communication:peep,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal that makes short high-pitched sounds) }
{ [ homeotherm, adj.all:warm-blooded^homeothermic,+ ] [ homoiotherm, adj.all:warm-blooded^homoiothermic,+ ] [ homotherm, adj.all:warm-blooded^homothermic,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal that has a body temperature that is relatively constant and independent of the environmental temperature) }
{ [ poikilotherm, adj.all:cold-blooded^poikilothermic,+ adj.all:cold-blooded^poikilothermous,+ ] ectotherm, noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal whose body temperature varies with the temperature of its surroundings; any animal except birds and mammals) }
{ range_animal, noun.Tops:animal,@ (any animal that lives and grazes in the grassy open land of western North America (especially horses, cattle, sheep)) }
{ [ vermin, adj.all:offensive1^verminous,+ ] pest,@ (any of various small animals or insects that are pests; e.g. cockroaches or rats; "cereals must be protected from mice and other vermin"; "he examined the child's head for vermin"; "boys in the village have probably been shooting vermin") }
{ varmint, varment, noun.Tops:animal,@ (any usually predatory wild animal considered undesirable; e.g., coyote) }
{ [ scavenger, verb.consumption:scavenge,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (any animal that feeds on refuse and other decaying organic matter) }
{ bottom-feeder, bottom-dweller, fish,@ (a fish that lives and feeds on the bottom of a body of water) }
{ bottom-feeder1, scavenger,@ (a scavenger that feeds low on the food chain) }
{ bottom_lurkers, fish,@ (a fish that lurks on the bottom of a body of water) }
{ work_animal, noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal trained for and used for heavy labor) }
{ beast_of_burden, [ jument, adj.pert:jumentous,+ ] work_animal,@ (an animal such as a donkey or ox or elephant used for transporting loads or doing other heavy work) }
{ draft_animal, work_animal,@ (an animal used for pulling heavy loads) }
{ pack_animal, sumpter, beast_of_burden,@ (an animal (such as a mule or burro or horse) used to carry loads) }
{ domestic_animal, domesticated_animal, noun.Tops:animal,@ (any of various animals that have been tamed and made fit for a human environment) }
{ feeder, domestic_animal,@ (an animal being fattened or suitable for fattening) }
{ feeder1, noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal that feeds on a particular source of food; "a bark feeder"; "a mud feeder") }
{ [ stocker, noun.possession:stock1,+ noun.animal:stock,+ ] domestic_animal,@ (a domestic animal (especially a young steer or heifer) kept as stock until fattened or matured and suitable for a breeding establishment) }
{ hatchling, young,@ (any recently hatched animal (especially birds)) }
{ head, domestic_animal,@ (a single domestic animal; "200 head of cattle") }
{ [ migrator, verb.motion:migrate,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal (especially birds and fish) that travels between different habitats at particular times of the year) }
{ [ molter, verb.body:molt,+ ] [ moulter, verb.body:moult,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal (especially birds and arthropods and reptiles) that periodically shed their outer layer (feathers or cuticle or skin or hair)) }
{ pet, noun.Tops:animal,@ (a domesticated animal kept for companionship or amusement) }
{ [ stayer, verb.stative:stay3,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (a person or other animal having powers of endurance or perseverance; "the horse that won the race is a good stayer") }
{ [ stunt, verb.social:stunt,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (a creature (especially a whale) that has been prevented from attaining full growth) }
{ pollard, ruminant,@ (a usually horned animal that has either shed its horns or had them removed) }
{ marine_animal, marine_creature, sea_animal, sea_creature, noun.Tops:animal,@ (any of numerous animals inhabiting the sea including e.g. fishes and molluscs and many mammals) }
{ by-catch, bycatch, marine_animal,@ (unwanted marine creatures that are caught in the nets while fishing for another species; "thousands of dolphins and porpoises and whales are killed as part of the by-catch each year") }
{ amphidiploid, noun.Tops:organism,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) an organism or cell having a diploid set of chromosomes from each parent) }
{ [ diploid, adj.all:diploid,+ ] noun.Tops:organism,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) an organism or cell having the normal amount of DNA per cell; i.e., two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number) }
{ [ haploid, adj.all:haploid,+ ] noun.Tops:organism,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes) }
{ heteroploid, noun.Tops:organism,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) an organism or cell having a chromosome number that is not an even multiple of the haploid chromosome number for that species) }
{ [ polyploid, adj.all:polyploid,+ ] noun.Tops:organism,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) an organism or cell having more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes) }
{ [ female, adj.all:female,+ male,!] noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes (spermatozoa)) }
{ hen3, female,@ (female of certain aquatic animals e.g. octopus or lobster) }
{ [male, female,!] noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes (ova)) }
{ [ adult, adj.all:mature1^adult,+ noun.time:adulthood,+ noun.state:adulthood,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (any mature animal) }
{ young, offspring, noun.Tops:animal,@ (any immature animal) }
{ orphan, young,@ (a young animal without a mother) }
{ young_mammal, young,@ class_Mammalia,#m (any immature mammal) }
{ [ baby, noun.time:babyhood,+ noun.state:babyhood,+ ] young_mammal,@ (a very young mammal; "baby rabbits") }
{ [ pup, verb.body:pup,+ ] [ whelp, verb.body:whelp,+ ] young_mammal,@ (young of any of various canines such as a dog or wolf) }
{ wolf_pup, wolf_cub, young_mammal,@ wolf,@ (a young wolf) }
{ puppy, pup,@ dog,@ (a young dog) }
{ [ cub, verb.body:cub,+ ] young_carnivore, young_mammal,@ (the young of certain carnivorous mammals such as the bear or wolf or lion) }
{ lion_cub, cub,@ lion,@ (a young lion) }
{ bear_cub, cub,@ bear,@ (a young bear) }
{ tiger_cub, cub,@ tiger,@ (a young tiger) }
{ kit, young_mammal,@ (young of any of various fur-bearing animals; "a fox kit") }
{ [ kill, verb.contact:kill,+ ] noun.body:dead_body,@ (the body of an animal, or bodies of animals, killed by a person or another animal) }
{ suckling, young_mammal,@ (a young mammal that has not been weaned) }
{ [ sire, verb.body:sire,+ ] male,@ (male parent of an animal especially a domestic animal such as a horse) }
{ dam, female,@ (female parent of an animal especially domestic livestock) }
{ thoroughbred, [ purebred, adj.all:purebred,+ ] [ pureblood, adj.all:purebred^pureblood,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (a pedigreed animal of unmixed lineage; used especially of horses) }
{ [ giant, adj.all:large^giant,+ adj.all:large^gigantic1,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (any creature of exceptional size) }
{ vent, noun.body:orifice,@ (external opening of urinary or genital system of a lower vertebrate) }
{ animalcule, animalculum, noun.Tops:organism,@ (microscopic organism such as an amoeba or paramecium) }
{ survivor, noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal that survives in spite of adversity; "only the fittest animals were survivors of the cold winters") }
{ [ mutant, adj.pert:mutant,+ verb.change:mutate,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal that has undergone mutation) }
{ carnivore2, predator,@ (any animal that feeds on flesh; "Tyrannosaurus Rex was a large carnivore"; "insectivorous plants are considered carnivores") }
{ herbivore, noun.Tops:animal,@ (any animal that feeds chiefly on grass and other plants; "horses are herbivores"; "the sauropod dinosaurs were apparently herbivores") }
{ [ insectivore2, adj.all:insectivorous,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (any organism that feeds mainly on insects) }
{ acrodont, noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal having teeth consolidated with the summit of the alveolar ridge without sockets) }
{ pleurodont, noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal having teeth fused with the inner surface of the alveolar ridge without sockets) }
{ form_genus, noun.group:genus,@ (an artificial taxonomic category established on the basis of morphological resemblance for organisms of obscure true relationships especially fossil forms) }
{ [ horn1, adj.all:horned^horny,+ verb.contact:horn,+ ] noun.body:process,@ ram,#p goat,#p bull1,#p (one of the bony outgrowths on the heads of certain ungulates) }
{ antler, horn1,@ deer,#p (deciduous horn of a member of the deer family) }
{ tuft, crest,@ (a bunch of feathers or hair) }
{ [ horn2, verb.contact:horn,+ ] noun.body:process,@ (any hard protuberance from the head of an organism that is similar to or suggestive of a horn) }
{ crest, noun.body:process,@ (a showy growth of e.g. feathers or skin on the head of a bird or other animal) }
{ topknot, crest,@ (showy crest or knot of hair or feathers) }

{ microorganism, micro-organism, noun.Tops:organism,@ noun.Tops:animal,;c noun.Tops:plant,;c (any organism of microscopic size) }
{ monad, microorganism,@ noun.cognition:biology,;c ((biology) a single-celled microorganism (especially a flagellate protozoan)) }
{ aerobe, noun.Tops:organism,@ (an organism (especially a bacterium) that requires air or free oxygen for life) }
{ [ anaerobe, adj.all:anaerobiotic,+ ] noun.Tops:organism,@ (an organism (especially a bacterium) that does not require air or free oxygen to live) }
{ obligate_anaerobe, anaerobe,@ (an organism that cannot grow in the presence of oxygen) }
{ [ hybrid, adj.all:crossbred^hybrid,+ verb.contact:hybridize,+ ] [ crossbreed, verb.contact:crossbreed,+ ] [ cross, verb.contact:cross,+ ] noun.Tops:organism,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) an organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock; especially offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties or breeds or species; "a mule is a cross between a horse and a donkey") }
{ dihybrid, hybrid,@ (a hybrid produced by parents that differ only at two gene loci that have two alleles each) }
{ monohybrid, hybrid,@ (a hybrid produced by crossing parents that are homozygous except for a single gene locus that has two alleles (as in Mendel's experiments with garden peas)) }
{ [ polymorph, adj.all:multiform^polymorphic,+ adj.pert:polymorphic,+ ] noun.Tops:organism,@ (an organism that can assume more than one adult form as in the castes of ants or termites) }
{ relative, congener, congenator, congeneric, noun.Tops:organism,@ (an animal or plant that bears a relationship to another (as related by common descent or by membership in the same genus)) }

{ intestinal_flora, microorganism,@ (harmless microorganisms (as Escherichia coli) that inhabit the intestinal tract and are essential for its normal functioning) }
{ [ virus, adj.pert:viral,+ ] microorganism,@ noun.object:infectious_agent,@ noun.cognition:virology,;c ((virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein) }
{ arbovirus, arborvirus, virus,@ (a large heterogeneous group of RNA viruses divisible into groups on the basis of the virions; they have been recovered from arthropods, bats, and rodents; most are borne by arthropods; they are linked by the epidemiologic concept of transmission between vertebrate hosts by arthropod vectors (mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, midges, etc.) that feed on blood; they can cause mild fevers, hepatitis, hemorrhagic fever, and encephalitis) }
{ capsid, noun.substance:protein,@ virion,#p (the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus) }
{ virion, noun.object:particle,@ noun.animal:virus,;c ((virology) a complete viral particle; nucleic acid and capsid (and a lipid envelope in some viruses)) }
{ adenovirus, animal_virus,@ (any of a group of viruses including those that in humans cause upper respiratory infections or infectious pinkeye) }
{ parainfluenza_virus, adenovirus,@ (a virus that causes upper respiratory infection (including the common cold and bronchiolitis); most often in children) }
{ arenavirus, animal_virus,@ Arenaviridae,#m (animal viruses belonging to the family Arenaviridae) }
{ Junin_virus, arenavirus,@ Arenaviridae,#m (the RNA virus that causes Argentine hemorrhagic fever; carried by rats and mice) }
{ Lassa_virus, arenavirus,@ Arenaviridae,#m (the RNA virus that causes Lassa fever) }
{ lymphocytic_choriomeningitis_virus, arenavirus,@ Arenaviridae,#m (the RNA virus that causes lymphocytic choriomeningitis; infects mice and monkeys and dogs and guinea pigs and human beings) }
{ Machupo_virus, arenavirus,@ Arenaviridae,#m (the RNA virus that causes Bolivian hemorrhagic fever; carried by rats and mice) }
{ Bunyaviridae, arbovirus,@ noun.group:family3,#m (a large family of arboviruses that affect a wide range of hosts (mainly vertebrates and arthropods)) }
{ bunyavirus, animal_virus,@ (an animal virus belonging to the family Bunyaviridae; can be used as a bioweapon) }
{ Filoviridae, noun.group:family3,@ (a family of threadlike RNA viruses that cause diseases in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys and chimpanzees)) }
{ filovirus, animal_virus,@ (animal viruses belonging to the family Filoviridae) }
{ Ebola_virus, filovirus,@ Filoviridae,#m (a filovirus that causes Ebola hemorrhagic fever; carried by animals; can be used as a bioweapon) }
{ Marburg_virus, filovirus,@ Filoviridae,#m (a filovirus that causes Marburg disease; carried by animals; can be used as a bioweapon) }
{ Togaviridae, arbovirus,@ noun.group:family3,#m (a family of arboviruses carried by arthropods) }
{ alphavirus, animal_virus,@ Togaviridae,#m (an arbovirus of the family Togaviridae that can cause a variety of encephalitis in horses) }
{ Flaviviridae, arbovirus,@ noun.group:family3,#m (a family of arboviruses carried by arthropods) }
{ flavivirus, animal_virus,@ Flaviviridae,#m (animal viruses belonging to the family Flaviviridae) }
{ West_Nile_virus, West_Nile_encephalitis_virus, flavivirus,@ (the flavivirus that causes West Nile encephalitis) }
{ Arenaviridae, arbovirus,@ noun.group:family3,#m (a family of arborviruses carried by arthropods) }
{ Rhabdoviridae, arbovirus,@ noun.group:family3,#m (a family of arborviruses carried by arthropods) }
{ vesiculovirus, animal_virus,@ Rhabdoviridae,#m (an animal virus that causes vesicular stomatitis) }
{ Reoviridae, arbovirus,@ noun.group:family3,#m (a family of arboviruses carried by arthropods) }
{ poxvirus, animal_virus,@ (any of a group of viruses that can cause pox diseases in vertebrates) }
{ myxoma_virus, poxvirus,@ (a poxvirus closely related to smallpox virus; causes benign gelatinous tumors in humans) }
{ variola_virus, smallpox_virus, poxvirus,@ (the virus that causes smallpox in humans; can be used as a bioweapon) }
{ variola_major, variola_major_virus, variola_virus,@ (a type of smallpox virus that has a fatality rate of up to 25 percent) }
{ variola_minor, variola_minor_virus, variola_virus,@ (a type of smallpox virus that has a fatality rate of about 1 percent) }
{ tobacco_mosaic_virus, TMV, plant_virus,@ (the widely studied plant virus that causes tobacco mosaic; it was the first virus discovered (1892)) }
{ viroid, virusoid, plant_virus,@ (the smallest of viruses; a plant virus with its RNA arranged in a circular chromosome without a protein coat) }
{ [ bacteriophage, adj.pert:bacteriophagic,+ adj.pert:bacteriophagous,+ ] phage, virus,@ (a virus that is parasitic (reproduces itself) in bacteria; "phage uses the bacterium's machinery and energy to produce more phage until the bacterium is destroyed and phage is released to invade surrounding bacteria") }
{ coliphage, bacteriophage,@ (a bacteriophage that infects the bacterium Escherichia coli) }
{ typhoid_bacteriophage, bacteriophage,@ (a bacteriophage specific for the bacterium Salmonella typhi) } 
{ plant_virus, virus,@ (a plant pathogen that is a virus consisting of a single strand of RNA) }
{ animal_virus, virus,@ (an animal pathogen that is a virus) }
{ hepadnavirus, animal_virus,@ (a group of animal DNA viruses including viruses of ducks and woodchucks and squirrels and others as well as the virus causing hepatitis B in humans) }
{ retrovirus, animal_virus,@ (any of a group of viruses that contain two single-strand linear RNA molecules per virion and reverse transcriptase (RNA to DNA); the virus transcribes its RNA into a cDNA provirus that is then incorporated into the host cell) }
{ human_T-cell_leukemia_virus-1", HTLV-1", retrovirus,@ (retrovirus causing T-cell leukemia) }
{ human_immunodeficiency_virus, HIV, retrovirus,@ (the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); it replicates in and kills the helper T cells) }
{ myxovirus, animal_virus,@ (any of a group of RNA viruses including those that cause influenza and mumps) }
{ orthomyxovirus, myxovirus,@ (a group of viruses including those causing influenza) }
{ paramyxovirus, myxovirus,@ (a group of viruses including those causing mumps and measles) }
{ respiratory_syncytial_virus, paramyxovirus,@ (a paramyxovirus that forms syncytia in tissue culture and that is responsible for severe respiratory diseases such as bronchiolitis and bronchial pneumonia (especially in children)) }
{ picornavirus, animal_virus,@ (a group of single-strand RNA viruses with a protein coat) }
{ poliovirus, enterovirus,@ (the virus causing poliomyelitis) }
{ hepatitis_A_virus, enterovirus,@ (the virus causing hepatitis A) }
{ enterovirus, picornavirus,@ (any of a group of picornaviruses that infect the gastrointestinal tract and can spread to other areas (especially the nervous system)) }
{ coxsackievirus, Coxsackie_virus, enterovirus,@ (enterovirus causing a disease resembling poliomyelitis but without paralysis) }
{ echovirus, enterovirus,@ (any of a group of viruses associated with various diseases including viral meningitis and mild respiratory disorders and diarrhea in newborn infants) }
{ rhinovirus, picornavirus,@ (any of a group of picornaviruses that are responsible for many upper respiratory infections) }
{ herpes, herpes_virus, animal_virus,@ (any of the animal viruses that cause painful blisters on the skin) }
{ herpes_simplex, herpes_simplex_virus, herpes,@ (a herpes virus that affects the skin and nervous system) }
{ herpes_simplex_1", HS1", HSV-1", HSV-I, herpes_simplex,@ (a herpes virus that causes oral herpes) }
{ herpes_simplex_2", HS2", HSV-2", HSV-II, herpes_simplex,@ (a herpes virus that can cause genital herpes) }
{ herpes_zoster, herpes_zoster_virus, herpes,@ (a herpes virus that causes shingles) }
{ herpes_varicella_zoster, herpes_varicella_zoster_virus, herpes_zoster,@ (a herpes virus that causes chickenpox and shingles) }
{ Epstein-Barr_virus, EBV, herpes,@ (the herpes virus that causes infectious mononucleosis; associated with specific cancers in Africa and China) }
{ cytomegalovirus, CMV, herpes,@ (any of a group of herpes viruses that enlarge epithelial cells and can cause birth defects; can affect humans with impaired immunological systems) }
{ varicella_zoster_virus, herpes,@ (the member of the herpes virus family that is responsible for chickenpox) }
{ papovavirus, animal_virus,@ (any of a group of animal viruses associated with or causing papillomas or polyomas) }
{ human_papilloma_virus, papovavirus,@ (any of a group of papovaviruses associated with genital or oral carcinomas or a group associated with benign genital tumors) }
{ polyoma, polyoma_virus, papovavirus,@ (a virus the can initiate various kinds of tumors in mice) }
{ rhabdovirus, animal_virus,@ Rhabdoviridae,#m (any of a group of arboviruses including those causing rabies) }
{ lyssavirus, animal_virus,@ Rhabdoviridae,#m (a neurotropic non-arbovirus of the family Rhabdoviridae that causes rabies) }
{ reovirus, animal_virus,@ (any of a group of non-arboviruses including the rotavirus causing infant enteritis) }
{ rotavirus, reovirus,@ (the reovirus causing infant enteritis) }
{ parvovirus, parvo, animal_virus,@ (any of a group of viruses containing DNA in an icosahedral protein shell and causing disease in dogs and cattle; not known to be associated with any human disease) }
{ slow_virus, virus,@ (a virus that remains dormant in the body for a long time before symptoms appear; "kuru is caused by a slow virus") }
{ onion_yellow-dwarf_virus, plant_virus,@ (the virus that produces stunting and yellowing of the leaves of onion plants) }
{ potato_yellow-dwarf_virus, plant_virus,@ (the virus that produces stunting and yellowing of the leaves of potato plants) }

(==OK OK below)
{ Monera, kingdom_Monera, Prokayotae, kingdom_Prokaryotae, noun.group:kingdom2,@ (prokaryotic bacteria and blue-green algae and various primitive pathogens; because of lack of consensus on how to divide the organisms into phyla informal names are used for the major divisions) }
{ moneran, moneron, microorganism,@ kingdom_Monera,#m (organisms that typically reproduce by asexual budding or fission and whose nutritional mode is absorption or photosynthesis or chemosynthesis) }

{ animal_order, noun.group:order1,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (the order of animals) }
{ protoctist_order, noun.group:order1,@ kingdom_Protoctista,#m (the order of protoctists) }

{ division_Archaebacteria, noun.group:division5,@ kingdom_Monera,#m (in some classifications considered a kingdom) }
{ archaebacteria, archaebacterium, archaeobacteria, archeobacteria, moneran,@ division_Archaebacteria,#m (considered ancient life forms that evolved separately from bacteria and blue-green algae) }
{ methanogen, archaebacteria,@ (archaebacteria found in anaerobic environments such as animal intestinal tracts or sediments or sewage and capable of producing methane; a source of natural gas) }
{ halophile, halophil, archaebacteria,@ (archaebacteria requiring a salt-rich environment for growth and survival) }
{ halobacteria, halobacterium, halobacter, halophile,@ (halophiles in saline environments such as the Dead Sea or salt flats) }
{ thermoacidophile, archaebacteria,@ (archaebacteria that thrive in strongly acidic environments at high temperatures) }

{ [ bacteria, adj.pert:bacterial,+ ] [ bacterium, adj.pert:bacterioidal,+ adj.pert:bacterial,+ verb.change:bacterize,+ verb.change:bacterise,+ ] microorganism,@ noun.cognition:microbiology,;c ((microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered to be plants) }
{ [ acidophil, adj.all:acid-loving^acidophilic,+ ] [ acidophile, adj.all:acid-loving^acidophilic,+ ] bacterium,@ (an organism that thrives in a relatively acid environment) }
{ probiotic, probiotic_bacterium, probiotic_microflora, probiotic_flora, bacterium,@ (a beneficial bacterium found in the intestinal tract of healthy mammals; often considered to be a plant) }
{ [ bacteroid, adj.pert:bacteroid,+ adj.pert:bacteroidal,+ ] bacterium,@ (a rodlike bacterium (especially any of the rod-shaped or branched bacteria in the root nodules of nitrogen-fixing plants)) }

{ [ bacillus, adj.all:formed^bacillary,+ adj.pert:bacillary,+ ] B, eubacteria,@ genus_Bacillus,#m (aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil) }
{ Bacillus_anthracis, anthrax_bacillus, Bacillus,@ noun.artifact:bioweapon,@ (a species of bacillus that causes anthrax in humans and in animals (cattle and swine and sheep and rabbits and mice and guinea pigs); can be used a bioweapon) }
{ Bacillus_subtilis, Bacillus_globigii, grass_bacillus, hay_bacillus, Bacillus,@ (a species of bacillus found in soil and decomposing organic matter; some strains produce antibiotics) }
{ Yersinia_pestis, Bacillus,@ (a bacillus bacterium that causes the plague; aerosolized bacteria can be used as a bioweapon) }
{ [ coccus, adj.pert:coccal,+ ] cocci, eubacteria,@ (any spherical or nearly spherical bacteria) }
{ coccobacillus, eubacteria,@ (a bacterial cell intermediate in morphology between a coccus and a bacillus; a very short bacillus) }
{ Brucella, coccobacillus,@ (an aerobic Gram-negative coccobacillus that causes brucellosis; can be used as a bioweapon) }
{ spirillum1, spirilla, eubacteria,@ (any flagellated aerobic bacteria having a spirally twisted rodlike form) }

{ Heliobacter, genus_Heliobacter, bacteria_genus,@ (a genus of helical or curved or straight aerobic bacteria with rounded ends and multiple flagella; found in the gastric mucosa of primates (including humans)) }
{ Heliobacter_pylori, H._pylori, bacteria_species,@ (the type species of genus Heliobacter; produces urease and is associated with several gastroduodenal diseases (including gastritis and gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers and other peptic ulcers)) }

{ bacteria_order, noun.group:order,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (an order of bacteria) }
{ bacteria_family, noun.group:family3,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (a family of bacteria) }
{ bacteria_genus, noun.group:genus,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (a genus of bacteria) }
{ bacteria_species, noun.group:species,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (a species of bacteria) }

{ Pseudomonas_pyocanea, bacteria_species,@ Pseudomonas,#m (a species of aerobic bacteria) }
{ Aerobacter, genus_Aerobacter, bacteria_genus,@ Enterobacteriaceae,#m (aerobic bacteria widely distributed in nature) }
{ Aerobacter_aerogenes, bacteria_species,@ Aerobacter,#m (a species of Gram-negative aerobic bacteria that produce gas and acid from sugars and are sometimes involved in the souring of milk) }

{ Rhizobiaceae, family_Rhizobiaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Eubacteriales,#m (a small family of rod-shaped bacteria) }
{ Rhizobium, genus_Rhizobium, bacteria_genus,@ Rhizobiaceae,#m (the type genus of Rhizobiaceae; usually occur in the root nodules of legumes; can fix atmospheric oxygen) }
{ Agrobacterium, genus_Agrobacterium, bacteria_genus,@ Rhizobiaceae,#m (small motile bacterial rods that can reduce nitrates and cause galls on plant stems) }
{ Agrobacterium_tumefaciens, bacteria_species,@ Agrobacterium,#m (the bacteria that produce crown gall disease in plants) }

{ division_Eubacteria, noun.group:division5,@ kingdom_Monera,#m (one-celled monerans having simple cells with rigid walls and (in motile types) flagella) }
{ eubacteria, eubacterium, true_bacteria, bacteria,@ moneran,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (a large group of bacteria having rigid cell walls; motile types have flagella) }
{ Eubacteriales, order_Eubacteriales, animal_order,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; Gram-positive spherical or rod-shaped forms; some are motile; in some classifications considered an order of Schizomycetes) }

{ Bacillaceae, family_Bacillaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Eubacteriales,#m (typically rod-shaped usually Gram-positive bacteria that produce endospores) }
{ genus_Bacillus, bacteria_genus,@ family_Bacillaceae,#m (type genus of the Bacillaceae; includes many saprophytes important in decay of organic matter and a number of parasites) }
{ genus_Clostridium, bacteria_genus,@ family_Bacillaceae,#m (anaerobic or micro-aerophilic rod-shaped or spindle-shaped saprophytes; nearly cosmopolitan in soil, animal intestines, and dung) }
{ clostridium, clostridia, eubacteria,@ genus_Clostridium,#m (spindle-shaped bacterial cell especially one swollen at the center by an endospore) }
{ botulinus, botulinum, Clostridium_botulinum, eubacteria,@ genus_Clostridium,#m (anaerobic bacterium producing botulin the toxin that causes botulism) }
{ clostridium_perfringens, eubacteria,@ noun.artifact:bioweapon,@ genus_Clostridium,#m (anaerobic Gram-positive rod bacterium that produces epsilon toxin; can be used as a bioweapon) }

{ Cyanophyta, division_Cyanophyta, noun.group:division5,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (prokaryotic organisms sometimes considered a class or phylum or subkingdom; coextensive with the Cyanophyceae: cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)) }
{ Schizophyta, division_Schizophyta, noun.group:division5,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (former term for the Cyanophyta) }
{ Schizomycetes, class_Schizomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ Schizophyta,#m (a former classification) }
{ class_Cyanobacteria, Cyanophyceae, class_Cyanophyceae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Cyanophyta,#m (photosynthetic bacteria found in fresh and salt water, having chlorophyll a and phycobilins; once thought to be algae: blue-green algae) }
{ [ cyanobacteria, adj.pert:cyanobacterial,+ ] blue-green_algae, eubacteria,@ class_Cyanobacteria,#m (predominantly photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll; occur singly or in colonies in diverse habitats; important as phytoplankton) }
{ Myxophyceae, family_Myxophyceae, Schizophyceae, family_Schizophyceae, bacteria_family,@ Schizophyta,#m (former terms for Cyanophyceae) }
{ Nostocaceae, family_Nostocaceae, bacteria_family,@ class_Cyanophyceae,#m (blue-green algae) }
{ genus_Nostoc, bacteria_genus,@ family_Nostocaceae,#m (type genus of the family Nostocaceae: freshwater blue-green algae) }
{ nostoc, blue-green_algae,@ genus_Nostoc,#m (found in moist places as rounded jellylike colonies) }
{ Oscillatoriaceae, family_Oscillatoriaceae, bacteria_family,@ class_Cyanophyceae,#m (blue green algae) }
{ genus_Trichodesmium, bacteria_genus,@ family_Oscillatoriaceae,#m (a genus of blue-green algae) }
{ trichodesmium, blue-green_algae,@ genus_Trichodesmium,#m (large colonial bacterium common in tropical open-ocean waters; important in carbon and nitrogen fixation) }

{ phototrophic_bacteria, phototropic_bacteria, eubacteria,@ (green and purple bacteria; energy for growth is derived from sunlight; carbon is derived from carbon dioxide or organic carbon) }
{ purple_bacteria, phototrophic_bacteria,@ (free-living Gram-negative pink to purplish-brown bacteria containing bacteriochlorophyll) }

{ Pseudomonadales, order_Pseudomonadales, animal_order,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; Gram-negative spiral or spherical or rod-shaped bacteria usually motile by polar flagella; some contain photosynthetic pigments) }
{ Pseudomonodaceae, family_Pseudomonodaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Pseudomonadales,#m (rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria; include important plant and animal pathogens) }
{ Pseudomonas, genus_Pseudomonas, bacteria_genus,@ family_Pseudomonodaceae,#m (type genus of the family Pseudomonodaceae) }
{ ring_rot_bacteria, Pseudomonas_solanacearum, pseudomonad,@ (causes brown rot in tomatoes and potatoes and tobacco etc) }

{ pseudomonad, eubacteria,@ genus_Pseudomonas,#m (bacteria usually producing greenish fluorescent water-soluble pigment; some pathogenic for plants and animals) }
{ Xanthomonas, genus_Xanthomonas, bacteria_genus,@ family_Pseudomonodaceae,#m (a genus of bacteria similar to Pseudomonas but producing a yellow pigment that is not soluble in water) }
{ xanthomonad, eubacteria,@ genus_Xanthomonas,#m (bacteria producing yellow non-water-soluble pigments; some pathogenic for plants) }
{ Athiorhodaceae, family_Athiorhodaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Pseudomonadales,#m (small motile sulphur bacteria) }
{ Nitrobacteriaceae, family_Nitrobacteriaceae, bacteria_genus,@ order_Pseudomonadales,#m (usually rod-shaped bacteria that oxidize ammonia or nitrites: nitrobacteria) }
{ Nitrobacter, genus_Nitrobacter, bacteria_genus,@ family_Nitrobacteriaceae,#m (rod-shaped soil bacteria) }
{ nitric_bacteria, nitrobacteria, eubacteria,@ genus_Nitrobacter,#m (soil bacteria that convert nitrites to nitrates) }
{ Nitrosomonas, genus_Nitrosomonas, bacteria_genus,@ family_Nitrobacteriaceae,#m (ellipsoidal soil bacteria) }
{ nitrosobacteria, nitrous_bacteria, eubacteria,@ genus_Nitrosomonas,#m (soil bacteria that oxidize ammonia to nitrites) }
{ Thiobacteriaceae, family_Thiobacteriaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Pseudomonadales,#m (free-living coccoid to rod-shaped bacteria that derive energy from oxidizing sulfur or sulfur compounds) }
{ genus_Thiobacillus, bacteria_genus,@ family_Thiobacteriaceae,#m (a genus of bacteria) }
{ thiobacillus, eubacteria,@ genus_Thiobacillus,#m (small rod-shaped bacteria living in sewage or soil and oxidizing sulfur) }
{ thiobacteria, sulphur_bacteria, sulfur_bacteria, thiobacillus,@ (any bacterium of the genus Thiobacillus) }
{ Spirillaceae, family_Spirillaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Pseudomonadales,#m (rigid spirally curved elongate bacteria) }
{ genus_Spirillum, bacteria_genus,@ family_Spirillaceae,#m (a genus of bacteria) }
{ spirillum2, eubacteria,@ genus_Spirillum,#m (spirally twisted elongate rodlike bacteria usually living in stagnant water) }
{ ratbite_fever_bacterium, Spirillum_minus, spirillum2,@ (a bacterium causing ratbite fever) }
{ genus_Vibrio, bacteria_genus,@ family_Spirillaceae,#m (a genus of bacteria) }
{ [ vibrio, adj.pert:vibrionic,+ ] vibrion, eubacteria,@ genus_Vibrio,#m (curved rodlike motile bacterium) }
{ comma_bacillus, Vibrio_comma, vibrio,@ genus_Vibrio,#m (comma-shaped bacteria that cause Asiatic cholera) }
{ Vibrio_fetus, vibrio,@ genus_Vibrio,#m (bacteria that cause abortion in sheep) }

{ Bacteroidaceae, family_Bacteroidaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Eubacteriales,#m (family of bacteria living usually in the alimentary canal or on mucous surfaces of warm-blooded animals; sometimes associated with acute infective processes) }
{ Bacteroides, genus_Bacteroides, bacteria_genus,@ family_Bacteroidaceae,#m (type genus of Bacteroidaceae; genus of Gram-negative rodlike anaerobic bacteria producing no endospores and no pigment and living in the gut of man and animals) }
{ Calymmatobacterium, genus_Calymmatobacterium, bacterium,@ (a genus of bacterial rods containing only the one species that causes granuloma inguinale) }
{ Calymmatobacterium_granulomatis, bacteria_species,@ genus_Calymmatobacterium,#m (the species of bacteria that causes granuloma inguinale) }
{ Francisella, genus_Francisella, bacterium,@ (a genus of Gram-negative aerobic bacteria that occur as pathogens and parasite in many animals (including humans)) }
{ Francisella_tularensis, bacteria_species,@ genus_Francisella,#m (the type species of the genus Francisella and the causal agent of tularemia in humans; can be used as a bioweapon) }
{ gonococcus, Neisseria_gonorrhoeae, bacterium,@ (the pus-producing bacterium that causes gonorrhea) }

{ Corynebacteriaceae, family_Corynebacteriaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Eubacteriales,#m (a large family of mostly Gram-positive and aerobic and nonmotile rod-shaped bacteria of the order Eubacteriales) }
{ corynebacterium, eubacteria,@ genus_Corynebacterium,#m (any species of the genus Corynebacterium) }
{ genus_Corynebacterium, bacteria_genus,@ family_Corynebacteriaceae,#m (the type genus of the family Corynebacteriaceae which is widely distributed in nature; the best known are parasites and pathogens of humans and domestic animals) }
{ Corynebacterium_diphtheriae, C._diphtheriae, Klebs-Loeffler_bacillus, corynebacterium,@ genus_Corynebacterium,#m (a species of bacterium that causes diphtheria) }
{ genus_Listeria, bacteria_genus,@ family_Corynebacteriaceae,#m (a genus of aerobic motile bacteria of the family Corynebacteriaceae containing small Gram-positive rods) }
{ listeria, eubacteria,@ genus_Listeria,#m (any species of the genus Listeria) }
{ Listeria_monocytogenes, L._monocytogenes, listeria,@ (the type species of the genus Listeria; can cause meningitis, encephalitis, septicemia, endocarditis, abortion, abscesses, listeriosis) }

{ Enterobacteriaceae, family_Enterobacteriaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Eubacteriales,#m (a large family of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria of the order Eubacteriales) }
{ enteric_bacteria, enterobacteria, enterics, entric, eubacteria,@ family_Enterobacteriaceae,#m (rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria; most occur normally or pathogenically in intestines of humans and other animals) }
{ genus_Escherichia, bacteria_genus,@ family_Enterobacteriaceae,#m (a genus of bacteria) }
{ escherichia, enteric_bacteria,@ genus_Escherichia,#m (a genus of enteric bacteria) }
{ Escherichia_coli, E._coli, escherichia,@ (a species of bacterium normally present in intestinal tract of humans and other animals; sometimes pathogenic; can be a threat to food safety) }
{ genus_Klebsiella, bacteria_genus,@ family_Enterobacteriaceae,#m (a genus of bacteria) }
{ klebsiella, enteric_bacteria,@ genus_Klebsiella,#m (a genus of nonmotile rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteria; some cause respiratory and other infections) }
{ genus_Salmonella, bacteria_genus,@ family_Enterobacteriaceae,#m (a genus of bacteria) }
{ salmonella, enteric_bacteria,@ genus_Salmonella,#m (rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteria; cause typhoid fever and food poisoning; can be used as a bioweapon) }
{ Salmonella_enteritidis, Gartner's_bacillus, salmonella,@ (a form of salmonella that causes gastroenteritis in humans) }
{ Salmonella_typhimurium, salmonella,@ (a form of salmonella that causes food poisoning in humans) }
{ typhoid_bacillus, Salmonella_typhosa, Salmonella_typhi, salmonella,@ (a form of salmonella that causes typhoid fever) }
{ genus_Serratia, Serratia, bacteria_genus,@ family_Enterobacteriaceae,#m (a genus of motile peritrichous bacteria that contain small Gram-negative rod) }
{ Serratia_marcescens, bacteria_species,@ genus_Serratia,#m (the type species of the genus Serratia; a species found in water and soil and milk and foods and insects; can cause infections of the endocardium and blood and wounds and urinary tract and respiratory tract; has been tested as a bioweapon) }
{ genus_Shigella, bacteria_genus,@ family_Enterobacteriaceae,#m (a genus of bacteria) }
{ shigella, enteric_bacteria,@ genus_Shigella,#m (rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteria; some are pathogenic for warm-blooded animals; can be used as a bioweapon) }
{ shiga_bacillus, Shigella_dysentariae, shigella,@ (a bacillus that causes dysentery) }
{ genus_Erwinia, bacteria_genus,@ family_Enterobacteriaceae,#m (a genus of bacteria) }
{ erwinia, enteric_bacteria,@ genus_Erwinia,#m (rod-shaped motile bacteria that attack plants) }

{ endospore-forming_bacteria, eubacteria,@ (a group of true bacteria) }

{ Rickettsiales, order_Rickettsiales, animal_order,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (pleomorphic Gram-negative microorganisms) }
{ Rickettsiaceae, family_Rickettsiaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Rickettsiales,#m (microorganism resembling bacteria inhabiting arthropod tissues but capable of causing disease in vertebrates) }
{ genus_Rickettsia, bacteria_genus,@ family_Rickettsiaceae,#m (can cause typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever in humans) }
{ rickettsia, eubacteria,@ family_Rickettsiaceae,#m (any of a group of very small rod-shaped bacteria that live in biting arthropods (as ticks and mites) and cause disease in vertebrate hosts; they cause typhus and other febrile diseases in human beings) }
{ tumor_virus, virus,@ (a cell-free filtrate held to be a virus responsible for a specific neoplasm) }
{ wound_tumor_virus, WTV, tumor_virus,@ (a tumor virus transmitted by leafhoppers) }
{ vector, virus,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) a virus or other agent that is used to deliver DNA to a cell) }
{ cosmid, vector,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) a large vector that is made from a bacteriophage and used to clone genes or gene fragments) }
{ Chlamydiaceae, family_Chlamydiaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Rickettsiales,#m (Gram-negative parasites in warm-blooded vertebrates) }
{ genus_Chlamydia, bacteria_genus,@ family_Chlamydiaceae,#m (type genus of the family Chlamydiaceae: disease-causing parasites) }
{ [ chlamydia, adj.pert:chlamydial,+ ] eubacteria,@ genus_Chlamydia,#m (coccoid rickettsia infesting birds and mammals; cause infections of eyes and lungs and genitourinary tract) }
{ Chlamydia_psittaci, C._psittaci, chlamydia,@ (bacteria responsible for the sexually transmitted disease chlamydia) }
{ Chlamydia_trachomatis, C._trachomatis, chlamydia,@ (bacteria responsible for the sexually transmitted diseases chlamydia and lymphogranuloma venereum) }

{ Mycoplasmatales, order_Mycoplasmatales, animal_order,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (coextensive with the family Mycoplasmataceae) }
{ Mycoplasmataceae, family_Mycoplasmataceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Mycoplasmatales,#m (pleomorphic Gram-negative nonmotile microorganism similar to both viruses and bacteria; parasitic in mammals) }
{ genus_Mycoplasma, bacteria_genus,@ family_Mycoplasmataceae,#m (type and sole genus of the family Mycoplasmataceae) }
{ mycoplasma, eubacteria,@ genus_Mycoplasma,#m (any of a group of small parasitic bacteria that lack cell walls and can survive without oxygen; can cause pneumonia and urinary tract infection) }
{ pleuropneumonialike_organism, PPLO, mycoplasma,@ (a mycoplasma resistant to antibiotics that causes a kind of pneumonia in humans) }

{ Legionella_pneumophilia, legionella, bacterium,@ (the motile aerobic rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that thrives in central heating and air conditioning systems and can cause Legionnaires' disease) }

{ nitrobacterium, bacterium,@ (any of the bacteria in the soil that take part in the nitrogen cycle; they oxidize ammonium compounds into nitrites or oxidize nitrites into nitrates) }
{ nitrate_bacterium, nitric_bacterium, nitrobacterium,@ (any of the nitrobacteria that oxidize nitrites into nitrates) }
{ nitrite_bacterium, nitrous_bacterium, nitrobacterium,@ (any of the nitrobacteria that oxidize ammonia into nitrites) }

{ Actinomycetales, order_Actinomycetales, animal_order,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (filamentous or rod-shaped bacteria) }
{ [ actinomycete, adj.pert:actinomycetous,+ adj.pert:actinomycetal,+ ] eubacterium,@ order_Actinomycetales,#m noun.Tops:animal,;c (any bacteria (some of which are pathogenic for humans and animals) belonging to the order Actinomycetales) }
{ Actinomycetaceae, family_Actinomycetaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Actinomycetales,#m (filamentous anaerobic bacteria) }
{ genus_Actinomyces, bacteria_genus,@ family_Actinomycetaceae,#m (type genus of the family Actinomycetaceae) }
{ actinomyces, eubacteria,@ genus_Actinomyces,#m (soil-inhabiting saprophytes and disease-producing plant and animal parasites) }
{ Streptomycetaceae, family_Streptomycetaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Actinomycetales,#m (higher bacteria typically aerobic soil saprophytes) }
{ genus_Streptomyces, bacteria_genus,@ family_Streptomycetaceae,#m (type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae) }
{ streptomyces, actinomycete,@ genus_Streptomyces,#m (aerobic bacteria (some of which produce the antibiotic streptomycin)) }
{ Streptomyces_erythreus, streptomyces,@ (source of the antibiotic erythromycin) }
{ Streptomyces_griseus, streptomyces,@ (source of the antibiotic streptomycin) }
{ potato_scab_bacteria, Streptomyces_scabies, streptomyces,@ (cause of a potato disease characterized by brownish corky tissue) }
{ Mycobacteriaceae, family_Mycobacteriaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Actinomycetales,#m (a family of bacteria) }
{ genus_Mycobacterium, bacteria_genus,@ family_Mycobacteriaceae,#m (nonmotile Gram-positive aerobic bacteria) }
{ mycobacteria, mycobacterium, eubacteria,@ genus_Mycobacterium,#m (rod-shaped bacteria some saprophytic or causing diseases) }
{ tubercle_bacillus, Mycobacterium_tuberculosis, mycobacteria,@ (cause of tuberculosis) }
{ penicillin-resistant_bacteria, bacterium,@ (bacteria that are unaffected by penicillin) }
{ pus-forming_bacteria, bacterium,@ (bacteria that produce pus) }
{ rod, bacterium,@ (any rod-shaped bacterium) }
{ streptobacillus, rod,@ (any of various rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria) }
{ leprosy_bacillus, Mycobacterium_leprae, mycobacteria,@ (cause of leprosy) }

{ order_Myxobacteria, Myxobacterales, order_Myxobacterales, Myxobacteriales, order_Myxobacteriales, animal_order,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (an order of higher bacteria) }
{ Polyangiaceae, family_Polyangiaceae, Myxobacteriaceae, family_Myxobacteriaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Myxobacteriales,#m (bacteria living mostly in soils and on dung) }
{ Polyangium, genus_Polyangium, bacteria_genus,@ family_Polyangiaceae,#m (type genus of the family Polyangiaceae: myxobacteria with rounded fruiting bodies enclosed in a membrane) }
{ myxobacteria, myxobacterium, myxobacter, gliding_bacteria, slime_bacteria, eubacteria,@ order_Myxobacteria,#m (bacteria that form colonies in self-produced slime; inhabit moist soils or decaying plant matter or animal waste) }

{ Micrococcaceae, family_Micrococcaceae, bacteria_family,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (spherical or elliptical usually aerobic eubacteria that produce yellow or orange or red pigment; includes toxin-producing forms as well as harmless commensals and saprophytes) }
{ Micrococcus, genus_Micrococcus, bacteria_genus,@ family_Micrococcaceae,#m (type genus of the family Micrococcaceae) }
{ genus_Staphylococcus, bacteria_genus,@ family_Micrococcaceae,#m (includes many pathogenic species) }
{ [ staphylococcus, adj.pert:staphylococcal,+ ] staphylococci, staph, coccus,@ genus_Staphylococcus,#m (spherical Gram-positive parasitic bacteria that tend to form irregular colonies; some cause boils or septicemia or infections) }

{ Lactobacillaceae, family_Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacteriaceae, family_Lactobacteriaceae, bacteria_family,@ kingdom_Monera,#m (lactic acid bacteria and important pathogens; bacteria that ferment carbohydrates chiefly into lactic acid) }
{ genus_Lactobacillus, bacteria_genus,@ family_Lactobacillaceae,#m (type genus of the family Lactobacillaceae) }
{ lactobacillus, eubacteria,@ genus_Lactobacillus,#m (a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium that produces lactic acid (especially in milk)) }
{ acidophilus, Lactobacillus_acidophilus, lactobacillus,@ probiotic,@ genus_Lactobacillus,#m (a bacterium that is used to make yogurt and to supplement probiotics) }
{ genus_Diplococcus, bacteria_genus,@ family_Lactobacillaceae,#m (a genus of bacteria) }
{ diplococcus, bacterium,@ genus_Diplococcus,#m (Gram-positive bacteria usually occurring in pairs) }
{ [ pneumococcus, adj.pert:pneumococcal,+ ] Diplococcus_pneumoniae, diplococcus,@ (bacterium causing pneumonia in mice and humans) }
{ genus_Streptococcus, bacteria_genus,@ family_Lactobacillaceae,#m (a genus of bacteria) }
{ [ streptococcus, adj.pert:streptococcal,+ ] streptococci, [ strep, adj.pert:strep,+ ] eubacteria,@ genus_Streptococcus,#m (spherical Gram-positive bacteria occurring in pairs or chains; cause e.g. scarlet fever and tonsillitis) }
{ Streptococcus_anhemolyticus, bacteria_species,@ genus_Streptococcus,#m (a species of bacteria) }

{ Spirochaetales, order_Spirochaetales, animal_order,@ division_Eubacteria,#m (higher bacteria; slender spiral rodlike forms) }
{ Spirochaetaceae, family_Spirochaetaceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Spirochaetales,#m (large coarsely spiral bacteria; free-living in fresh or salt water or commensal in bodies of oysters) }
{ Spirochaeta, genus_Spirochaeta, bacteria_genus,@ family_Spirochaetaceae,#m (the type genus of the family Spirochaetaceae; a bacterium that is flexible, undulating, and chiefly aquatic) }
{ spirochete, spirochaete, eubacteria,@ order_Spirochaetales,#m (parasitic or free-living bacteria; many pathogenic to humans and other animals) }
{ Treponemataceae, family_Treponemataceae, bacteria_family,@ order_Spirochaetales,#m (small spirochetes some parasitic or pathogenic) }
{ genus_Treponema, bacteria_genus,@ family_Treponemataceae,#m (type genus of Treponemataceae: anaerobic spirochetes with an undulating rigid body; parasitic in warm-blooded animals) }
{ treponema, spirochete,@ genus_Treponema,#m (spirochete that causes disease in humans (e.g. syphilis and yaws)) }
{ genus_Borrelia, bacteria_genus,@ family_Treponemataceae,#m (small flexible parasitic spirochetes having three to five wavy spirals) }
{ borrelia, spirochete,@ genus_Borrelia,#m (cause of e.g. European and African relapsing fever) }
{ Borrelia_burgdorferi, Lime_disease_spirochete, spirochete,@ genus_Borrelia,#m (cause of Lyme disease; transmitted primarily by ticks of genus Ixodes) }
{ genus_Leptospira, bacteria_genus,@ family_Treponemataceae,#m (very slender aerobic spirochetes; free-living or parasitic in mammals) }
{ leptospira, spirochete,@ genus_Leptospira,#m (important pathogens causing Weil's disease or canicola fever) }

{ [ plankton, adj.pert:planktonic,+ ] noun.Tops:organism,@ noun.group:aggregate,#m (the aggregate of small plant and animal organisms that float or drift in great numbers in fresh or salt water) }
{ phytoplankton, noun.Tops:plant,@ plankton,#m (photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton; mainly unicellular algae) }
{ planktonic_algae, phytoplankton,@ (unicellular algae) }
{ zooplankton, noun.Tops:animal,@ plankton,#m (animal constituent of plankton; mainly small crustaceans and fish larvae) }
{ nekton, noun.Tops:organism,@ noun.group:aggregate,#m (the aggregate of actively swimming animals in a body of water ranging from microscopic organisms to whales) }
{ [ microbe, adj.pert:microbial,+ ] bug3, [ germ, adj.all:germy,+ ] microorganism,@ (a minute life form (especially a disease-causing bacterium); the term is not in technical use) }
{ [ parasite, adj.pert:parasitic1,+ adj.pert:parasitical,+ host,!] noun.Tops:organism,@ noun.Tops:plant,;c (an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant); it obtains nourishment from the host without benefiting or killing the host) }
{ [ endoparasite, adj.pert:endoparasitic,+ ] entoparasite, [ entozoan, adj.pert:entozoan,+ adj.all:entozoan,+ ] [ entozoon, adj.pert:entozoan,+ adj.all:entozoan,+ ] [ endozoan, adj.pert:endozoan,+ ] parasite,@ (any of various parasites that live in the internal organs of animals (especially intestinal worms)) }
{ ectoparasite, ectozoan, [ ectozoon, adj.pert:ectozoan,+ ] epizoan, [ epizoon, adj.pert:epizoan,+ ] parasite,@ (any external parasitic organism (as fleas)) }
{ [ host, parasite,!] noun.Tops:organism,@ (an animal or plant that nourishes and supports a parasite; it does not benefit and is often harmed by the association) }
{ intermediate_host, host,@ (a host that is used by a parasite in the course of its life cycle) }
{ definitive_host, host,@ (the host in which the sexual reproduction of a parasite takes place) }
{ [ pathogen, adj.all:unhealthful^pathogenic,+ ] microorganism,@ noun.object:infectious_agent,@ (any disease-producing agent (especially a virus or bacterium or other microorganism)) }
{ [ commensal, adj.pert:commensal,+ ] noun.Tops:organism,@ (either of two different animal or plant species living in close association but not interdependent) }
{ myrmecophile, noun.Tops:organism,@ (an organism such as an insect that habitually shares the nest of a species of ant) }

{ Protoctista, kingdom_Protoctista, noun.group:kingdom2,@ (in most modern classifications, replacement for the Protista; includes: Protozoa; Euglenophyta; Chlorophyta; Cryptophyta; Heterokontophyta; Rhodophyta; unicellular protists and their descendant multicellular organisms: regarded as distinct from plants and animals) }
{ protoctist, microorganism,@ kingdom_Protoctista,#m (any of the unicellular protists) }
{ Protista, division_Protista, noun.group:division4,@ kingdom_Protoctista,#m (eukaryotic one-celled living organisms distinct from multicellular plants and animals: protozoa, slime molds, and eukaryotic algae) }
{ protist, protistan, microorganism,@ division_Protista,#m (free-living or colonial organisms with diverse nutritional and reproductive modes) }

{ protoctist_family, noun.group:family3,@ kingdom_Protoctista,#m (any of the families of Protoctista) }
{ protoctist_genus, noun.group:genus,@ kingdom_Protoctista,#m (any genus of Protoctista) }

{ Pyrrophyta, phylum_Pyrrophyta, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Monera,#m (a division of lower plants comprising unicellular and biflagellate algae that form starchy compounds) }

{ Protozoa, phylum_Protozoa, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Protoctista,#m (in some classifications considered a superphylum or a subkingdom; comprises flagellates; ciliates; sporozoans; amoebas; foraminifers) }
{ protozoan, [ protozoon, adj.pert:protozoan,+ ] protoctist,@ phylum_Protozoa,#m (any of diverse minute acellular or unicellular organisms usually nonphotosynthetic) }

{ Sarcodina, class_Sarcodina, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Protozoa,#m (characterized by the formation of pseudopods for locomotion and taking food: Actinopoda; Rhizopoda) }
{ sarcodinian, sarcodine, protozoan,@ class_Sarcodina,#m (protozoa that move and capture food by forming pseudopods) }
{ Actinopoda, subclass_Actinopoda, noun.group:class2,@ class_Sarcodina,#m (heliozoans; radiolarians) }
{ actinopod, sarcodinian,@ subclass_Actinopoda,#m (protozoa having stiff rodlike radiating pseudopods) }
{ Heliozoa, order_Heliozoa, animal_order,@ subclass_Actinopoda,#m (mostly freshwater protozoa) }
{ heliozoan, actinopod,@ order_Heliozoa,#m (protozoa with spherical bodies and stiff radiating pseudopods) }
{ Radiolaria, order_Radiolaria, animal_order,@ subclass_Actinopoda,#m (marine protozoa) }
{ radiolarian, actinopod,@ order_Radiolaria,#m (protozoa with amoeba-like bodies and radiating filamentous pseudopods) }
{ Rhizopoda, subclass_Rhizopoda, noun.group:class2,@ class_Sarcodina,#m (creeping protozoans: amoebas and foraminifers) }
{ rhizopod, rhizopodan, protozoan,@ subclass_Rhizopoda,#m (protozoa characterized by a pseudopod) }
{ Amoebida, order_Amoebida, Amoebina, order_Amoebina, animal_order,@ subclass_Rhizopoda,#m (the animal order including amoebas) }
{ genus_Amoeba, protoctist_genus,@ order_Amoebida,#m (protozoan inhabiting moist soils or bottom vegetation in fresh or salt water) }
{ Endamoebidae, family_Endamoebidae, noun.group:family3,@ order_Amoebida,#m (a large family of endoparasitic amebas that invade the digestive tract) }
{ Endamoeba, genus_Endamoeba, protoctist_genus,@ family_Endamoebidae,#m (the type genus of the family Endamoebidae) }
{ endameba, ameba,@ (any ameba of the genus Endamoeba) }
{ [ ameba, adj.pert:amebic,+ adj.pert:amebous,+ adj.pert:ameban,+ ] [ amoeba, adj.pert:amoebic,+ adj.pert:amoebous,+ adj.pert:amoeban,+ ] rhizopod,@ order_Amoebida,#m (naked freshwater or marine or parasitic protozoa that form temporary pseudopods for feeding and locomotion) }
{ Endamoeba_histolytica, endameba,@ genus_Endamoeba,#m (the parasitic ameba that causes amebic dysentery in human beings) }
{ Foraminifera, order_Foraminifera, animal_order,@ subclass_Rhizopoda,#m (foraminifers) }
{ foram, foraminifer, rhizopod,@ order_Foraminifera,#m (marine microorganism having a calcareous shell with openings where pseudopods protrude) }
{ Globigerinidae, family_Globigerinidae, protoctist_family,@ order_Foraminifera,#m (a family of protoctists) }
{ genus_Globigerina, protoctist_genus,@ order_Foraminifera,#m (type genus of the family Globigerinidae) }
{ globigerina, foraminifer,@ (marine protozoan having a rounded shell with spiny processes) }
{ Nummulitidae, family_Nummulitidae, protoctist_family,@ order_Foraminifera,#m (a family of fossil protoctists) }
{ nummulite, foraminifer,@ family_Nummulitidae,#m (large fossil protozoan of the Tertiary period) }
{ Testacea, order_Testacea, animal_order,@ subclass_Rhizopoda,#m (testacean rhizopods) }
{ testacean, rhizopod,@ order_Testacea,#m (any of various rhizopods of the order Testacea characterized by having a shell) }
{ Arcellidae, family_Arcellidae, protoctist_family,@ order_Testacea,#m (soil and freshwater protozoa; cosmopolitan in distribution) }
{ genus_Arcella, protoctist_genus,@ family_Arcellidae,#m (type genus of the Arcellidae) }
{ arcella, protozoan,@ genus_Arcella,#m (an amoeba-like protozoan with a chitinous shell resembling an umbrella) }
{ genus_Difflugia, protoctist_genus,@ order_Testacea,#m (genus of protozoans related to ameba) }
{ difflugia, protozoan,@ genus_Difflugia,#m (a protozoan with an ovoid shell of cemented sand grains) }

{ Ciliata, class_Ciliata, Ciliophora, class_Ciliophora, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Protozoa,#m (class of protozoa having cilia or hairlike appendages on part or all of the surface during some part of the life cycle) }
{ ciliate, ciliated_protozoan, ciliophoran, protozoan,@ class_Ciliata,#m (a protozoan with a microscopic appendage extending from the surface of the cell) }
{ Infusoria, subclass_Infusoria, noun.group:class2,@ class_Ciliata,#m (in some recent classifications, coextensive with the Ciliata: minute organisms found in decomposing infusions of organic matter) }
{ infusorian, ciliate,@ subclass_Infusoria,#m (any member of the subclass Infusoria) }
{ genus_Paramecium, protoctist_genus,@ class_Ciliata,#m (freshwater ciliate with an oval body and long deep oral groove) }
{ paramecium, paramecia, ciliate,@ genus_Paramecium,#m (any member of the genus Paramecium) }
{ genus_Tetrahymena, protoctist_genus,@ class_Ciliata,#m (protozoa having four membranous ciliary organelles) }
{ tetrahymena, ciliate,@ genus_Tetrahymena,#m (relative of the paramecium; often used in genetics research) }
{ genus_Stentor, protoctist_genus,@ class_Ciliata,#m (trumpet-shaped protozoa with a ciliated spiral feeding funnel) }
{ stentor, ciliate,@ genus_Stentor,#m (any of several trumpet-shaped ciliate protozoans that are members of the genus Stentor) }
{ genus_Vorticella, protoctist_genus,@ class_Ciliata,#m (ciliated protozoans that have a goblet-shaped body with a retractile stalk) }
{ vorticella, ciliate,@ genus_Vorticella,#m (any of various protozoa having a transparent goblet-shaped body with a retractile stalk) }
{ [ alga, adj.pert:algal,+ ] algae, protoctist,@ (primitive chlorophyll-containing mainly aquatic eukaryotic organisms lacking true stems and roots and leaves) }
{ seaweed, algae,@ (plant growing in the sea, especially marine algae) }
{ arame, seaweed,@ (an edible seaweed with a mild flavor) }
{ wrack1, seaweed,@ (dried seaweed especially that cast ashore) }
{ seagrass, seaweed,@ (any of various seaweeds that grow underwater in shallow beds; "seagrass provides a protective environment in which young fish can develop") }
{ sea_wrack, wrack2, seaweed,@ (growth of marine vegetation especially of the large forms such as rockweeds and kelp) }

{ [ chlorophyll, adj.pert:chlorophyllous,+ ] chlorophyl, noun.substance:pigment,@ (any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms; there are four naturally occurring forms) }
{ chlorophyll_a, chlorophyll,@ (a blue-black plant pigment having a blue-green alcohol solution; found in all higher plants) }
{ chlorophyll_b, chlorophyll,@ (a dark-green plant pigment having a brilliant green alcohol solution; generally characteristic of higher plants) }
{ chlorophyll_c, chlorofucin, chlorophyll,@ (the chlorophyll present in brown algae, diatoms, and flagellates) }
{ chlorophyll_d, chlorophyll,@ (the chlorophyll found (together with chlorophyll a) in red algae) }
{ bacteriochlorophyll, noun.substance:pigment,@ (a substance in photosensitive bacteria that is related to but different from chlorophyll of higher plants) }
{ phycobilin, noun.substance:pigment,@ (water-soluble proteinaceous pigments found in red algae and cyanobacteria) }
{ phycoerythrin, noun.substance:pigment,@ (red pigment in red algae) }
{ phycocyanin, noun.substance:pigment,@ (blue pigment in algae) }

{ Heterokontophyta, division_Heterokontophyta, noun.group:division5,@ kingdom_Protoctista,#m (algae having chlorophyll a and usually c, and flagella of unequal lengths; terminology supersedes Chrysophyta in some classifications) }
{ Chrysophyta, division_Chrysophyta, noun.group:division5,@ kingdom_Protoctista,#m (mostly freshwater eukaryotic algae having the chlorophyll masked by brown or yellow pigment; yellow-green and golden-brown algae and diatoms: Xanthophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae; some classification systems superseded or subsumed by Heterokontophyta) }
{ golden_algae, algae,@ division_Chrysophyta,#m (algae having the pigments chlorophyll and carotene and xanthophyll) }
{ yellow-green_algae, algae,@ division_Chrysophyta,#m (any alga of the division Chrysophyta with its chlorophyll masked by yellow pigment) }
{ Chrysophyceae, class_Chrysophyceae, Heterokontae, class_Heterokontae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Chrysophyta,#m (all the yellow-green algae having flagella of unequal length) }
{ Xanthophyceae, class_Xanthophyceae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Chrysophyta,#m (yellow-green algae) }
{ Bacillariophyceae, class_Bacillariophyceae, Diatomophyceae, class_Diatomophyceae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Chrysophyta,#m (marine and freshwater eukaryotic algae: diatoms) }
{ diatom, algae,@ phytoplankton,@ class_Bacillariophyceae,#m (microscopic unicellular marine or freshwater colonial alga having cell walls impregnated with silica) }
{ Heterotrichales, order_Heterotrichales, protoctist_order,@ division_Chrysophyta,#m (yellow-green algae with simple or branching filaments; comprising the single family Tribonemaceae) }
{ Tribonemaceae, family_Tribonemaceae, protoctist_family,@ order_Heterotrichales,#m (simple filamentous freshwater yellow-green algae) }
{ Tribonema, genus_Tribonema, genus_Conferva, protoctist_genus,@ family_Tribonemaceae,#m (type genus of Tribonemaceae) }
{ conferva, yellow-green_algae,@ genus_Tribonema,#m (any of various algae of the genus Tribonema; algae with branching filaments that form scum in still or stagnant fresh water) }
{ confervoid_algae, algae,@ (algae resembling confervae especially in having branching filaments) }
{ Phaeophyceae, class_Phaeophyceae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Phaeophyta,#m (brown algae; mostly marine and littoral eukaryotic algae) }
{ Phaeophyta, division_Phaeophyta, noun.group:division5,@ (coextensive with class Phaeophyceae; in some classifications subsumed in the division Heterokontophyta) }
{ brown_algae, algae,@ class_Phaeophyceae,#m (algae having the chlorophyll masked by brown and yellow pigments) }
{ Laminariales, order_Laminariales, protoctist_order,@ class_Phaeophyceae,#m (in some classifications coextensive with family Laminariaceae: marine brown algae of cold or polar seas) }
{ Laminariaceae, family_Laminariaceae, protoctist_family,@ order_Laminariales,#m (large family of marine brown algae including many economically important large kelps chiefly of northern waters) }
{ Laminaria, genus_Laminaria, protoctist_genus,@ family_Laminariaceae,#m (type genus of the family Laminariaceae: perennial brown kelps) }
{ kelp, brown_algae,@ genus_Laminaria,#m (large brown seaweeds having fluted leathery fronds) }
{ sea_tangle, tang1, kelp,@ (any of various kelps especially of the genus Laminaria) }
{ tang2, sea_tang, seaweed,@ (any of various coarse seaweeds) }
{ Fucales, order_Fucales, animal_order,@ class_Phaeophyceae,#m (coextensive with the family Fucaceae) }
{ Cyclosporeae, class_Cyclosporeae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Phaeophyta,#m (in more recent classifications superseded by the order Fucales) }
{ Fucaceae, family_Fucaceae, protoctist_family,@ order_Fucales,#m (small family of brown algae: gulfweeds; rockweeds) }
{ fucoid1, fucoid_algae, brown_algae,@ family_Fucaceae,#m (any of various algae of the family Fucaceae) }
{ fucoid2, noun.object:fossil,@ order_Fucales,#m (a fossilized cast or impression of algae of the order Fucales) }
{ rockweed, brown_algae,@ family_Fucaceae,#m (coarse brown seaweed growing on rocks exposed at low tide) }
{ genus_Fucus, protoctist_genus,@ family_Fucaceae,#m (type genus of the family Fucaceae: cartilaginous brown algae) }
{ fucus, rockweed,@ genus_Fucus,#m (any member of the genus Fucus) }
{ serrated_wrack, Fucus_serratus, tang3, brown_algae,@ genus_Fucus,#m (brown algae seaweed with serrated edges) }
{ bladderwrack1, black_rockweed, bladder_fucus, tang4, Fucus_vesiculosus, rockweed,@ genus_Fucus,#m (a common rockweed used in preparing kelp and as manure) }
{ Ascophyllum, genus_Ascophyllum, protoctist_genus,@ family_Fucaceae,#m (brown algae distinguished by compressed or inflated branchlets along the axis) }
{ bladderwrack2, Ascophyllum_nodosum, rockweed,@ (similar to and found with black rockweed) }
{ genus_Sargassum, protoctist_genus,@ family_Fucaceae,#m (a genus of protoctist) }
{ gulfweed, sargassum, sargasso, Sargassum_bacciferum, brown_algae,@ genus_Sargassum,#m (brown algae with rounded bladders forming dense floating masses in tropical Atlantic waters as in the Sargasso Sea) }

{ Euglenophyta, division_Euglenophyta, noun.group:division5,@ kingdom_Protoctista,#m (free-swimming flagellate algae) }
{ Euglenophyceae, class_Euglenophyceae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Euglenophyta,#m (coextensive with the division Euglenophyta) }
{ Euglenaceae, family_Euglenaceae, protoctist_family,@ class_Euglenophyceae,#m (considered green algae) }
{ genus_Euglena, protoctist_genus,@ family_Euglenaceae,#m (type genus of the family Euglenaceae: green algae with a single flagellum) }
{ euglena, protozoan,@ genus_Euglena,#m (minute single-celled green freshwater organism having a single flagella; often classed as algae) }
{ euglenoid, euglenophyte, euglenid, algae,@ division_Euglenophyta,#m (marine and freshwater green or colorless flagellate organism) }

{ Chlorophyta, division_Chlorophyta, noun.group:division5,@ kingdom_Protoctista,#m (large division of chiefly freshwater eukaryotic algae that possess chlorophyll a and b, store food as starch, and cellulose cell walls; classes Chlorophyceae, Ulvophyceae, and Charophyceae; obviously ancestral to land plants) }
{ Chlorophyceae, class_Chlorophyceae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Chlorophyta,#m (algae distinguished chiefly by having flagella and a clear green color, their chlorophyll being masked little if at all by other pigments) }
{ green_algae, chlorophyte, algae,@ division_Chlorophyta,#m (algae that are clear green in color; often growing on wet ricks or damp wood or the surface of stagnant water) }
{ Ulvophyceae, class_Ulvophyceae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Chlorophyta,#m (alternative name for the class Chlorophyceae in some classifications) }
{ Ulvales, order_Ulvales, protoctist_order,@ class_Chlorophyceae,#m (an order of protoctist) }
{ Ulvaceae, family_Ulvaceae, sea-lettuce_family, protoctist_family,@ order_Ulvales,#m (thin flat or tubular green algae) }
{ Ulva, genus_Ulva, protoctist_genus,@ family_Ulvaceae,#m (type genus of the family Ulvaceae; green seaweed having a thallus two cells thick: sea lettuce) }
{ sea_lettuce, laver1, green_algae,@ genus_Ulva,#m (seaweed with edible translucent crinkly green fronds) }
{ Volvocales, order_Volvocales, protoctist_order,@ class_Chlorophyceae,#m (chiefly freshwater green algae; solitary or colonial) }
{ Volvocaceae, family_Volvocaceae, protoctist_family,@ order_Volvocales,#m (unicellular or colonial biflagellate free-swimming flagellates) }
{ Volvox, genus_Volvox, protoctist_genus,@ family_Volvocaceae,#m (type genus of the Volvocaceae; minute pale green flagellates occurring in tiny spherical colonies; minute flagella rotate the colony about an axis) }
{ Chlamydomonadaceae, family_Chlamydomonadaceae, protoctist_family,@ order_Volvocales,#m (green algae some of which are colored red by hematochrome) }
{ Chlamydomonas, genus_Chlamydomonas, protoctist_genus,@ family_Chlamydomonadaceae,#m (type genus of the Chlamydomonadaceae; solitary doubly-flagellated plant-like algae common in fresh water and damp soil; multiply freely; often a pest around filtration plants) }
{ Zygnematales, order_Zygnematales, Zygnemales, order_Zygnemales, animal_order,@ class_Chlorophyceae,#m (pond scums; desmids) }
{ Zygnemataceae, family_Zygnemataceae, protoctist_family,@ order_Zygnematales,#m (pond scums: common freshwater algae forming green slimy masses) }
{ Zygnema, genus_Zygnema, protoctist_genus,@ family_Zygnemataceae,#m (type genus of the family Zygnemataceae) }
{ pond_scum, green_algae,@ family_Zygnemataceae,#m (free-floating freshwater green algae) }
{ genus_Spirogyra, protoctist_genus,@ family_Zygnemataceae,#m (a genus of protoctist) }
{ spirogyra, green_algae,@ genus_Spirogyra,#m (freshwater algae consisting of minute filaments containing spiral chlorophyll bands) }
{ Chlorococcales, order_Chlorococcales, protoctist_order,@ class_Chlorophyceae,#m (unicellular green algae that reproduce by spores) }
{ Chlorococcum, genus_Chlorococcum, protoctist_genus,@ order_Chlorococcales,#m (type genus of Chlorococcales; unicellular green algae occurring singly or in a layer on soil or damp rock) }
{ genus_Chlorella, protoctist_genus,@ order_Chlorococcales,#m (nonmotile unicellular green algae potentially important as source of high-grade protein and B-complex vitamins) }
{ chlorella, algae,@ genus_Chlorella,#m (any alga of the genus Chlorella) }
{ Oedogoniales, order_oedogoniales, protoctist_order,@ class_Chlorophyceae,#m (simple or branched filamentous freshwater green algae) }
{ Oedogoniaceae, family_Oedogoniaceae, protoctist_family,@ order_Oedogoniales,#m (filamentous green algae) }
{ Oedogonium, genus_Oedogonium, protoctist_genus,@ family_Oedogoniaceae,#m (type genus of Oedogoniaceae; freshwater green algae having long unbranched filaments; usually free-floating when mature) }
{ Charophyceae, class_Charophyceae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Chlorophyta,#m (in some classifications: contains only the order Charales) }
{ Charales, order_Charales, protoctist_order,@ class_Charophyceae,#m (small order of macroscopic fresh and brackish water algae with a distinct axis: stoneworts) }
{ Characeae, family_Characeae, protoctist_family,@ order_Charales,#m (green algae superficially resembling horsetail ferns: stoneworts) }
{ stonewort, green_algae,@ family_Characeae,#m (any of various submerged aquatic algae of the genus Chara having nodes with whorled filamentlike branches; usually encrusted with calcium carbonate deposits) }
{ Chara, genus_Chara, protoctist_genus,@ family_Characeae,#m (green algae common in freshwater lakes of limestone districts) }
{ Nitella, genus_Nitella, protoctist_genus,@ family_Characeae,#m (fragile branching stoneworts) }
{ Desmidiaceae, family_Desmidiaceae, protoctist_family,@ class_Charophyceae,#m (unicellular algae) }
{ Desmidium, genus_Desmidium, protoctist_genus,@ family_Desmidiaceae,#m (a genus of protoctist) }
{ desmid, green_algae,@ genus_Desmidium,#m (freshwater green algae) }

{ Rhodophyta, division_Rhodophyta, noun.group:division5,@ kingdom_Protoctista,#m (lower plants; mostly marine and littoral eukaryotic algae) }
{ Rhodophyceae, class_Rhodophyceae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Rhodophyta,#m (coextensive with the Rhodophyta: red algae) }
{ red_algae, algae,@ division_Rhodophyta,#m (marine algae in which the chlorophyll is masked by a red or purplish pigment; source of agar and carrageenan) }
{ sea_moss2, red_algae,@ (any of various red algae having graceful rose to purple fronds (e.g. dulse or carrageen)) }
{ Gigartinaceae, family_Gigartinaceae, protoctist_family,@ class_Rhodophyceae,#m (a family of protoctist) }
{ Chondrus, genus_Chondrus, protoctist_genus,@ family_Gigartinaceae,#m (a genus of protoctist) }
{ Irish_moss, carrageen, carageen, carragheen, Chondrus_crispus, red_algae,@ genus_Chondrus,#m (dark purple edible seaweed of the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America) }
{ Rhodymeniaceae, family_Rhodymeniaceae, protoctist_family,@ class_Rhodophyceae,#m (a family of protoctist) }
{ Rhodymenia, genus_Rhodymenia, protoctist_genus,@ family_Rhodymeniaceae,#m (type genus of the family Rhodymeniaceae) }
{ dulse, Rhodymenia_palmata, red_algae,@ genus_Rhodymenia,#m (coarse edible red seaweed) }
{ Bangiaceae, family_Bangiaceae, protoctist_family,@ class_Rhodophyceae,#m (a family of protoctist) }
{ Porphyra, genus_Porphyra, protoctist_genus,@ family_Bangiaceae,#m (a genus of protoctist) }
{ red_laver, laver2, red_algae,@ genus_Porphyra,#m (edible red seaweeds) }

{ [ eukaryote, adj.pert:eukaryotic,+ prokaryote,!] [ eucaryote, adj.pert:eucaryotic,+ ] noun.Tops:organism,@ (an organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria; i.e. an organism with `good' or membrane-bound nuclei in its cells) }
{ [ prokaryote, adj.pert:prokaryotic,+ eukaryote,!] [ procaryote, adj.pert:procaryotic,+ ] noun.Tops:organism,@ (a unicellular organism having cells lacking membrane-bound nuclei; bacteria are the prime example but also included are blue-green algae and actinomycetes and mycoplasma) }
{ zooid, noun.Tops:organism,@ (one of the distinct individuals forming a colonial animal such as a bryozoan or hydrozoan) }

{ Mastigophora, class_Mastigophora, Flagellata, class_Flagellata, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Protozoa,#m (protozoa having flagella) }
{ [ flagellate, adj.pert:flagellate,+ flagellum,+ ] flagellate_protozoan, flagellated_protozoan, mastigophoran, mastigophore, protozoan,@ class_Mastigophora,#m (a usually nonphotosynthetic free-living protozoan with whiplike appendages; some are pathogens of humans and other animals) }
{ Dinoflagellata, order_Dinoflagellata, Cilioflagellata, order_Cilioflagellata, animal_order,@ class_Mastigophora,#m (in some classifications considered a phylum of the kingdom Protista; in others included in the plant phylum Pyrrophyta) }
{ dinoflagellate, flagellate,@ order_Dinoflagellata,#m (chiefly marine protozoa having two flagella; a chief constituent of plankton) }
{ genus_Noctiluca, protoctist_genus,@ order_Dinoflagellata,#m (a genus of protoctist) }
{ noctiluca, Noctiluca_miliaris, dinoflagellate,@ genus_Noctiluca,#m (large bioluminescent marine protozoan) }
{ Peridiniidae, family_Peridiniidae, protoctist_family,@ order_Dinoflagellata,#m (marine and freshwater dinoflagellates) }
{ Peridinium, genus_Peridinium, protoctist_genus,@ family_Peridiniidae,#m (type genus of the family Peridiniidae) }
{ peridinian, dinoflagellate,@ family_Peridiniidae,#m (flagellate with a thick test composed of plates) }
{ Zoomastigina, subclass_Zoomastigina, noun.group:class2,@ class_Mastigophora,#m (in some classifications considered a phylum of the kingdom Protista; holozoic or saprozoic flagellates) }
{ Leishmania, genus_Leishmania, flagellate,@ (flagellate protozoan that causes leishmaniasis) }
{ zoomastigote, zooflagellate, flagellate,@ subclass_Zoomastigina,#m (flagellate protozoan lacking photosynthesis and other plant-like characteristics) }
{ Hypermastigina, order_Hypermastigina, animal_order,@ subclass_Zoomastigina,#m (cellulose-producing flagellates) }
{ hypermastigote, flagellate,@ order_Hypermastigina,#m (flagellate symbiotic in the intestines of e.g. termites) }
{ Polymastigina, order_Polymastigina, animal_order,@ subclass_Zoomastigina,#m (small usually parasitic flagellates) }
{ polymastigote, flagellate,@ order_Polymastigina,#m (flagellates with several flagella) }
{ genus_Costia, protoctist_genus,@ order_Polymastigina,#m (a genus of flagellate protoctist) }
{ costia, Costia_necatrix, flagellate,@ genus_Costia,#m (a flagellate that is the cause of the frequently fatal fish disease costiasis) }
{ genus_Giardia, protoctist_genus,@ order_Polymastigina,#m (flagellates parasitic in intestines of vertebrates) }
{ giardia, flagellate,@ genus_Giardia,#m (a suspected cause of diarrhea in humans) }
{ Chilomastix, genus_Chilomastix, protoctist_genus,@ order_Polymastigina,#m (flagellates parasitic in intestines of vertebrates including humans) }
{ Hexamita, genus_Hexamita, protoctist_genus,@ order_Polymastigina,#m (flagellates free-living or parasitic in intestines of birds) }
{ genus_Trichomonas, protoctist_genus,@ order_Polymastigina,#m (flagellates parasitic in alimentary or genitourinary tracts of vertebrates and invertebrates including humans) }
{ trichomonad, flagellate,@ genus_Trichomonas,#m (cause of trichomoniasis in women and cattle and birds) }
{ Phytomastigina, subclass_Phytomastigina, noun.group:class2,@ class_Mastigophora,#m (plantlike flagellates containing chlorophyll; often considered unicellular algae) }
{ plantlike_flagellate, protozoan,@ subclass_Phytomastigina,#m (unicellular organisms having many characteristics of typical algae) }

{ Cryptophyta, phylum_Cryptophyta, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Protoctista,#m (a phylum in the kingdom Protoctista) }
{ Cryptophyceae, class_Cryptophyceae, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Cryptophyta,#m (motile usually brownish-green protozoa-like algae) }
{ cryptomonad, cryptophyte, algae,@ class_Cryptophyceae,#m (common in fresh and salt water appearing along the shore as algal blooms) }

{ Sporozoa, class_Sporozoa, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Protozoa,#m (strictly parasitic protozoans that are usually immobile; includes plasmodia and coccidia and piroplasms and malaria parasites) }
{ sporozoan, protozoan,@ class_Sporozoa,#m (parasitic spore-forming protozoan) }
{ sporozoite, sporozoan,@ (one of the minute active bodies into which sporozoans divide in one stage of their life cycle) }
{ trophozoite, sporozoan,@ (a sporozoan in the active feeding stage of its life cycle) }
{ merozoite, sporozoan,@ (a cell that arises from the asexual division of a parent sporozoan during its life cycle) }
{ Telosporidia, subclass_Telosporidia, noun.group:class2,@ class_Sporozoa,#m (parasitic sporozoans that form spores containing one or more infective sporozoites) }
{ Coccidia, order_Coccidia, animal_order,@ subclass_Telosporidia,#m (an order in the subclass Telosporidia) }
{ Eimeriidae, family_Eimeriidae, protoctist_family,@ order_Coccidia,#m (a family of protoctist in the order Coccidia) }
{ genus_Eimeria, protoctist_genus,@ family_Eimeriidae,#m (type genus of the family Eimeriidae; includes serious pathogens) }
{ coccidium, eimeria, sporozoan,@ order_Coccidia,#m (parasitic on the digestive epithelium of vertebrates and higher invertebrates) }
{ Gregarinida, order_Gregarinida, animal_order,@ subclass_Telosporidia,#m (an order in the subclass Telosporidia) }
{ gregarine, sporozoan,@ order_Gregarinida,#m (vermiform protozoans parasitic in insects and other invertebrates) }
{ Haemosporidia, order_Haemosporidia, animal_order,@ subclass_Telosporidia,#m (an order in the subclass Telosporidia) }
{ haemosporidian, sporozoan,@ order_Haemosporidia,#m (minute protozoans parasitic at some stage of the life cycle in blood cells of vertebrates including many pathogens) }
{ Plasmodiidae, family_Plasmodiidae, protoctist_family,@ order_Haemosporidia,#m (malaria parasites) }
{ genus_Plasmodium, protoctist_genus,@ class_Sporozoa,#m (type genus of the family Plasmodiidae) }
{ plasmodium, Plasmodium_vivax, malaria_parasite, sporozoan,@ genus_Plasmodium,#m (parasitic protozoan of the genus Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans) }
{ Haemoproteidae, family_Haemoproteidae, protoctist_family,@ order_Haemosporidia,#m (bird parasites) }
{ haemoproteid, sporozoan,@ family_Haemoproteidae,#m (related to malaria parasite and having a phase in the viscera of various birds) }
{ Haemoproteus, genus_Haemoproteus, protoctist_genus,@ family_Haemoproteidae,#m (type genus of the family Haemoproteidae) }
{ genus_Leucocytozoon, genus_Leucocytozoan, protoctist_genus,@ family_Haemoproteidae,#m (a genus of protoctist) }
{ leucocytozoan, leucocytozoon, sporozoan,@ genus_Leucocytozoon,#m (parasitic in birds) }
{ Babesiidae, family_Babesiidae, protoctist_family,@ order_Haemosporidia,#m (piroplasms and cattle pathogens) }
{ genus_Babesia, genus_Piroplasma, protoctist_genus,@ family_Babesiidae,#m (type genus of the family Babesiidae) }
{ piroplasm, sporozoan,@ family_Babesiidae,#m (minute parasite of red blood cells of mammals transmitted by a tick and causing diseases of domestic animals) }
{ Acnidosporidia, subclass_Acnidosporidia, noun.group:class2,@ class_Sporozoa,#m (a subclass of Sporozoa) }
{ Sarcosporidia, order_Sarcosporidia, animal_order,@ subclass_Acnidosporidia,#m (imperfectly known parasites of the muscles of vertebrates) }
{ Sarcocystis, genus_Sarcocystis, protoctist_genus,@ order_Sarcosporidia,#m (chief genus of the order Sarcosporidia) }
{ sarcosporidian, sarcocystidean, sarcocystieian, sporozoan,@ genus_Sarcocystis,#m (parasite of the muscles of vertebrates) }
{ Haplosporidia, order_Haplosporidia, animal_order,@ subclass_Acnidosporidia,#m (an order in the subclass Acnidosporidia) }
{ haplosporidian, sporozoan,@ order_Haplosporidia,#m (parasite in invertebrates and lower vertebrates of no known economic importance) }
{ Cnidosporidia, subclass_Cnidosporidia, noun.group:class2,@ class_Sporozoa,#m (single-host parasites of lower vertebrates and invertebrates) }
{ Actinomyxidia, order_Actinomyxidia, animal_order,@ subclass_Cnidosporidia,#m (parasites of worms) }
{ actinomyxidian, sporozoan,@ order_Actinomyxidia,#m (parasites of worms) }
{ Mycrosporidia, order_Mycrosporidia, animal_order,@ subclass_Cnidosporidia,#m (an order in the subclass Cnidosporidia) }
{ microsporidian, sporozoan,@ order_Mycrosporidia,#m (parasite of arthropods and fishes that invade and destroy host cells) }
{ Myxosporidia, order_Myxosporidia, animal_order,@ subclass_Cnidosporidia,#m (an order in the subclass Cnidosporidia) }
{ myxosporidian, sporozoan,@ order_Myxosporidia,#m (mostly parasitic in fishes and including various serious pathogens) }

{ pseudopod, pseudopodium, noun.body:process,@ (temporary outgrowth used by some microorganisms as an organ of feeding or locomotion) }
{ plasmodium2, noun.body:cytoplasm,@ (multinucleate sheet of cytoplasm characteristic of some stages of such organisms as slime molds) }

{ Malacopterygii, superorder_Malacopterygii, animal_order,@ subclass_Teleostei,#m (an extensive group of teleost fishes having fins supported by flexible cartilaginous rays) }
{ [ soft-finned_fish, spiny-finned_fish,!] malacopterygian, teleost_fish,@ superorder_Malacopterygii,#m (any fish of the superorder Malacopterygii) }

{ Ostariophysi, order_Ostariophysi, soft-finned_fish,@ (in some classifications considered a superorder comprising the Cypriniformes and the Siluriformes) }

{ fish_family, noun.group:family3,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (any of various families of fish) }
{ fish_genus, noun.group:genus,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (any of various genus of fish) }

{ Cypriniformes, order_Cypriniformes, animal_order,@ superorder_Malacopterygii,#m (an order of animals including almost entirely freshwater fishes: characins; loaches; carp; suckers; sometimes classified as a suborder of Ostariophysi) }
{ cypriniform_fish, soft-finned_fish,@ order_Cypriniformes,#m (a soft-finned fish of the order Cypriniformes) }
{ Cobitidae, family_Cobitidae, fish_family,@ order_Cypriniformes,#m (loaches) }
{ loach, cypriniform_fish,@ family_Cobitidae,#m (slender freshwater fishes of Eurasia and Africa resembling catfishes) }
{ Cyprinidae, family_Cyprinidae, fish_family,@ order_Cypriniformes,#m (a family of fish including: carp; tench; roach; rudd; dace) }
{ [ cyprinid, adj.pert:cyprinid,+ ] cyprinid_fish, cypriniform_fish,@ family_Cyprinidae,#m (soft-finned mainly freshwater fishes typically having toothless jaws and cycloid scales) }
{ carp, cyprinid,@ family_Cyprinidae,#m (any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae) }
{ Cyprinus, genus_Cyprinus, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinidae,#m (type genus of the family Cyprinidae: carp) }
{ domestic_carp, Cyprinus_carpio, carp,@ genus_Cyprinus,#m (large Old World freshwater bottom-feeding fish introduced into Europe from Asia; inhabits ponds and sluggish streams and often raised for food; introduced into United States where it has become a pest) }
{ leather_carp, domestic_carp,@ (scaleless domestic carp) }
{ mirror_carp, domestic_carp,@ (domestic carp with some large shining scales) }
{ Abramis, genus_Abramis, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinidae,#m (European fishes) }
{ European_bream, Abramis_brama, freshwater_bream,@ genus_Abramis,#m (European freshwater fish having a flattened body and silvery scales; of little value as food) }
{ Tinca, genus_Tinca, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinidae,#m (tench) }
{ tench, Tinca_tinca, cyprinid,@ genus_Tinca,#m (freshwater dace-like game fish of Europe and western Asia noted for ability to survive outside water) }
{ Leuciscus, genus_Leuciscus, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinidae,#m (a genus of fish including: dace, chub) }
{ dace, Leuciscus_leuciscus, cyprinid,@ genus_Leuciscus,#m (small European freshwater fish with a slender bluish-green body) }
{ chub1, Leuciscus_cephalus, cyprinid,@ genus_Leuciscus,#m (European freshwater game fish with a thick spindle-shaped body) }
{ shiner, cyprinid,@ (any of numerous small silvery North American cyprinid fishes especially of the genus Notropis) }
{ Notropis, genus_Notropis, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinidae,#m (shiners) }
{ emerald_shiner, Notropis_atherinoides, shiner,@ (small blunt-nosed fish of Great Lakes and Mississippi valley with a greenish luster) }
{ common_shiner, silversides2, Notropis_cornutus, shiner,@ genus_Notropis,#m (the common North American shiner) }
{ Notemigonus, genus_Notemigonus, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinidae,#m (golden shiners) }
{ golden_shiner, Notemigonus_crysoleucas, shiner,@ (shiner of eastern North America having golden glints; sometimes also called `bream') }
{ Rutilus, genus_Rutilus, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinidae,#m (roaches) }
{ roach2, Rutilus_rutilus, cyprinid,@ genus_Rutilus,#m (European freshwater food fish having a greenish back) }
{ Scardinius, genus_Scardinius, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinidae,#m (rudds) }
{ rudd, Scardinius_erythrophthalmus, cyprinid,@ genus_Scardinius,#m (European freshwater fish resembling the roach) }
{ Phoxinus, genus_Phoxinus, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinidae,#m (minnows) }
{ minnow1, Phoxinus_phoxinus, cyprinid,@ genus_Phoxinus,#m (very small European freshwater fish common in gravelly streams) }
{ Gobio, genus_Gobio, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinidae,#m (true gudgeons) }
{ gudgeon1, Gobio_gobio, cyprinid,@ genus_Gobio,#m (small slender European freshwater fish often used as bait by anglers) }
{ Carassius, genus_Carassius, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinidae,#m (goldfish) }
{ goldfish, Carassius_auratus, cyprinid,@ genus_Carassius,#m (small golden or orange-red freshwater fishes of Eurasia used as pond or aquarium fishes) }
{ silverfish, goldfish,@ (a silvery variety of Carassius auratus) }
{ crucian_carp, Carassius_carassius, Carassius_vulgaris, cyprinid,@ genus_Carassius,#m (European carp closely resembling wild goldfish) }
{ Electrophoridae, family_Electrophoridae, fish_family,@ order_Cypriniformes,#m (small family comprising the electric eels) }
{ Electrophorus, genus_Electrophorus, fish_genus,@ family_Electrophoridae,#m (type genus of the family Electrophoridae; electric eels) }
{ electric_eel, Electrophorus_electric, cypriniform_fish,@ genus_Electrophorus,#m (eel-shaped freshwater fish of South America having electric organs in its body) }
{ Catostomidae, family_Catostomidae, fish_family,@ order_Cypriniformes,#m (suckers; closely related to the family Cyprinidae) }
{ catostomid, cypriniform_fish,@ family_Catostomidae,#m (a cypriniform fish of the family Catostomidae) }
{ sucker1, catostomid,@ family_Catostomidae,#m (mostly North American freshwater fishes with a thick-lipped mouth for feeding by suction; related to carps) }
{ Catostomus, genus_Catostomus, fish_genus,@ family_Catostomidae,#m (type genus of the family Catostomidae) }
{ Ictiobus, genus_Ictiobus, fish_genus,@ family_Catostomidae,#m (buffalo fishes) }
{ buffalo_fish, buffalofish, sucker1,@ (any of several large suckers of the Mississippi valley) }
{ black_buffalo, Ictiobus_niger, buffalo_fish,@ genus_Ictiobus,#m (fish of the lower Mississippi) }
{ Hypentelium, genus_Hypentelium, fish_genus,@ family_Catostomidae,#m (a genus of fish in the family Catostomidae) }
{ hog_sucker, hog_molly, Hypentelium_nigricans, sucker1,@ (widely distributed in warm clear shallow streams) }
{ Maxostoma, genus_Maxostoma, fish_genus,@ family_Catostomidae,#m (a genus of fish in the family Catostomidae) }
{ redhorse, redhorse_sucker, sucker1,@ genus_Maxostoma,#m (North American sucker with reddish fins) }

{ Cyprinodontidae, family_Cyprinodontidae, fish_family,@ order_Cypriniformes,#m (large family of small soft-finned fishes; killifishes; flagfishes; swordtails; guppies) }
{ cyprinodont, cypriniform_fish,@ family_Cyprinodontidae,#m (any member of the family Cyprinodontidae) }
{ killifish, cyprinodont,@ (small mostly marine warm-water carp-like schooling fishes; used as bait or aquarium fishes or in mosquito control) }
{ Fundulus, genus_Fundulus, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinodontidae,#m (killifish) }
{ mummichog, Fundulus_heteroclitus, killifish,@ genus_Fundulus,#m (silver-and-black killifish of saltwater marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States) }
{ striped_killifish, mayfish, may_fish, Fundulus_majalis, killifish,@ genus_Fundulus,#m (black-barred fish of bays and coastal marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast of the United States) }
{ genus_Rivulus, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinodontidae,#m (killifish) }
{ rivulus, killifish,@ genus_Rivulus,#m (found in small streams of tropical America; often kept in aquariums; usually hermaphroditic) }
{ Jordanella, genus_Jordanella, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinodontidae,#m (flagfishes) }
{ flagfish, American_flagfish, Jordanella_floridae, killifish,@ genus_Jordanella,#m (a fish with a dark-blue back and whitish sides with red stripes; found in swamps and streams of Florida) }
{ Xyphophorus, genus_Xyphophorus, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinodontidae,#m (swordtails) }
{ swordtail, helleri, topminnow2, Xyphophorus_helleri, cyprinodont,@ genus_Xyphophorus,#m (freshwater fish of Central America having a long swordlike tail; popular aquarium fish) }
{ Lebistes, genus_Lebistes, fish_genus,@ family_Cyprinodontidae,#m (guppies) }
{ guppy, rainbow_fish, Lebistes_reticulatus, cyprinodont,@ (small freshwater fish of South America and the West Indies; often kept in aquariums) }
{ Poeciliidae, family_Poeciliidae, fish_family,@ order_Cypriniformes,#m (topminnows) }
{ topminnow1, poeciliid_fish, poeciliid, live-bearer, cypriniform_fish,@ family_Poeciliidae,#m (small usually brightly-colored viviparous surface-feeding fishes of fresh or brackish warm waters; often used in mosquito control) }
{ Gambusia, genus_Gambusia, fish_genus,@ family_Poeciliidae,#m (mosquitofish) }
{ mosquitofish, Gambusia_affinis, topminnow1,@ genus_Gambusia,#m (silvery topminnow with rows of black spots of tropical North America and West Indies; important in mosquito control) }
{ Platypoecilus, genus_Platypoecilus, fish_genus,@ family_Poeciliidae,#m (platys) }
{ platy, Platypoecilus_maculatus, topminnow1,@ genus_Platypoecilus,#m (small stocky Mexican fish; popular aquarium fish) }
{ Mollienesia, genus_Mollienesia, fish_genus,@ family_Poeciliidae,#m (mollies) }
{ mollie, molly, topminnow1,@ genus_Mollienesia,#m (popular aquarium fish) }

{ Berycomorphi, order_Berycomorphi, animal_order,@ superorder_Acanthopterygii,#m (an order of spiny-finned fish in the superorder Acanthopterygii) }
{ Holocentridae, family_Holocentridae, fish_family,@ order_Berycomorphi,#m (squirrelfishes and soldierfishes) }
{ Holocentrus, genus_Holocentrus, fish_genus,@ family_Holocentridae,#m (type genus of the family Holocentridae; squirrelfishes) }
{ squirrelfish, spiny-finned_fish,@ family_Holocentridae,#m (very small, brightly colored (especially red) nocturnal fishes of shallow waters or tropical reefs; they make sounds like a squirrel's bark) }
{ reef_squirrelfish, Holocentrus_coruscus, squirrelfish,@ genus_Holocentrus,#m (on reefs from Bermuda and Florida to northern South America) }
{ deepwater_squirrelfish, Holocentrus_bullisi, squirrelfish,@ genus_Holocentrus,#m (a squirrelfish found from South Carolina to Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico) }
{ Holocentrus_ascensionis, squirrelfish,@ genus_Holocentrus,#m (bright red fish of West Indies and Bermuda) }
{ soldierfish, soldier-fish, squirrelfish,@ (the larger squirrelfishes) }

{ Anomalopidae, family_Anomalopidae, fish_family,@ order_Berycomorphi,#m (a family of fish including: flashlight fishes) }
{ genus_Anomalops, fish_genus,@ family_Anomalopidae,#m (type genus of the family Anomalopidae) }
{ anomalops, flashlight_fish1, spiny-finned_fish,@ genus_Anomalops,#m (fish having a luminous organ beneath eye; of warm waters of the western Pacific and Puerto Rico) }
{ Krypterophaneron, genus_Krypterophaneron, fish_genus,@ family_Anomalopidae,#m (a genus of fish in the family Anomalopidae) }
{ Photoblepharon, genus_Photoblepharon, fish_genus,@ family_Anomalopidae,#m (a genus of fish in the family Anomalopidae) }
{ flashlight_fish2, Photoblepharon_palpebratus, spiny-finned_fish,@ (fish of deep dark waters having a light organ below each eye) }

{ Zeomorphi, order_Zeomorphi, animal_order,@ superorder_Acanthopterygii,#m (dories) }
{ Zeidae, family_Zeidae, fish_family,@ order_Zeomorphi,#m (a family of fish in the order Zeomorphi) }
{ dory, spiny-finned_fish,@ family_Zeidae,#m (marine fishes widely distributed in mid-waters and deep slope waters) }
{ Zeus, genus_Zeus, fish_genus,@ family_Zeidae,#m (type genus of the family Zeidae) }
{ John_Dory, Zeus_faber, dory,@ genus_Zeus,#m (European dory) }
{ Caproidae, family_Caproidae, fish_family,@ order_Zeomorphi,#m (boarfishes) }
{ Capros, genus_Capros, fish_genus,@ family_Caproidae,#m (a genus of fish in the family Caproidae) }
{ boarfish1, Capros_aper, spiny-finned_fish,@ genus_Capros,#m (fish with a projecting snout) }
{ Antigonia, genus_Antigonia, fish_genus,@ family_Caproidae,#m (a genus of fish in the family Caproidae) }
{ boarfish2, spiny-finned_fish,@ genus_Antigonia,#m (fish with large eyes and long snouts) }

{ Solenichthyes, order_Solenichthyes, animal_order,@ subclass_Teleostei,#m (bellows fishes; shrimpfishes; cornetfishes; pipefishes; small order of chiefly tropical marine fishes of varied and bizarre form all having a small mouth at the end of a drawn-out tubular snout) }
{ Fistulariidae, family_Fistulariidae, fish_family,@ order_Solenichthyes,#m (cornetfishes) }
{ Fistularia, genus_Fistularia, fish_genus,@ family_Fistulariidae,#m (type genus of the family Fistulariidae) }
{ cornetfish, teleost_fish,@ genus_Fistularia,#m (slender tropical fish with a long tubular snout and bony plates instead of scales) }

{ Gasterosteidae, family_Gasterosteidae, fish_family,@ order_Solenichthyes,#m (sticklebacks) }
{ stickleback, prickleback1, spiny-finned_fish,@ family_Gasterosteidae,#m (small (2-4 inches) pugnacious mostly scaleless spiny-backed fishes of northern fresh and littoral waters having elaborate courtship; subjects of much research) }
{ Gasterosteus, genus_gasterosteus, fish_genus,@ family_Gasterosteidae,#m (type genus of the family Gasterosteidae) }
{ three-spined_stickleback, Gasterosteus_aculeatus, stickleback,@ genus_Gasterosteus,#m (of rivers and coastal regions) }
{ ten-spined_stickleback, Gasterosteus_pungitius, stickleback,@ genus_Gasterosteus,#m (confined to rivers) }

{ Syngnathidae, family_Syngnathidae, fish_family,@ order_Solenichthyes,#m (pipefishes) }
{ pipefish, needlefish1, teleost_fish,@ family_Syngnathidae,#m (fish with long tubular snout and slim body covered with bony plates) }
{ Syngnathus, genus_Syngnathus, fish_genus,@ family_Syngnathidae,#m (type genus of the family Syngnathidae) }
{ dwarf_pipefish, Syngnathus_hildebrandi, pipefish,@ genus_Syngnathus,#m (small (4 inches) fish found off the Florida Gulf Coast) }
{ Cosmocampus, genus_Cosmocampus, fish_genus,@ family_Syngnathidae,#m (a genus of fish in the family Syngnathidae) }
{ deepwater_pipefish, Cosmocampus_profundus, pipefish,@ genus_Cosmocampus,#m (a fish 8 inches long; found from eastern Florida to western Caribbean) }
{ Hippocampus, genus_Hippocampus, fish_genus,@ family_Syngnathidae,#m (seahorses) }
{ seahorse, sea_horse, pipefish,@ genus_Hippocampus,#m (small fish with horse-like heads bent sharply downward and curled tails; swim in upright position) }
{ Macrorhamphosidae, family_Macrorhamphosidae, fish_family,@ order_Solenichthyes,#m (bellows fishes) }
{ snipefish, bellows_fish, teleost_fish,@ family_Macrorhamphosidae,#m (small bottom-dwelling fish of warm seas having a compressed body and a long snout with a toothless mouth) }
{ Centriscidae, family_Centriscidae, fish_family,@ order_Solenichthyes,#m (shrimpfishes) }
{ shrimpfish, shrimp-fish, teleost_fish,@ family_Centriscidae,#m (slender tropical shallow-water East Indian fish covered with transparent plates) }
{ Aulostomidae, family_Aulostomidae, fish_family,@ order_Solenichthyes,#m (trumpetfishes) }
{ Aulostomus, genus_Aulostomus, fish_genus,@ family_Aulostomidae,#m (type genus of the Aulostomidae) }
{ trumpetfish, Aulostomus_maculatus, teleost_fish,@ genus_Aulostomus,#m (tropical Atlantic fish with a long snout; swims snout down) }

{ cytostome, noun.body:mouth,@ protozoan,#p (mouth of a protozoan) }
{ [ cilium, adj.pert:cilial,+ adj.pert:ciliary1,+ ] noun.body:organelle,@ (a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell; provides locomotion in free-swimming unicellular organisms) }
{ [ flagellum, flagellate,+ ] noun.body:process,@ eubacteria,#p noun.body:sperm_cell,#p (a lash-like appendage used for locomotion (e.g., in sperm cells and some bacteria and protozoa)) }
{ flame_cell, noun.body:excretory_organ,@ flatworm,#p (organ of excretion in flatworms) }
{ investment, noun.body:skin,@ (outer layer or covering of an organ or part or organism) }
{ pellicle, investment,@ (thin protective membrane in some protozoa) }
{ [ embryo, adj.all:immature1^embryonal,+ adj.all:early2^embryotic,+ adj.all:immature1^embryonic,+ adj.all:early2^embryonic,+ ] conceptus, fertilized_egg, noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life) }
{ [ blastocoel, adj.pert:blastocoelic,+ ] [ blastocoele, adj.pert:blastocoelic,+ ] [ blastocele, adj.pert:blastocoelic,+ ] segmentation_cavity, cleavage_cavity, noun.body:cavity,@ blastula,#p (the fluid-filled cavity inside a blastula) }
{ [ blastoderm, adj.pert:blastodermic,+ adj.pert:blastodermatic,+ ] germinal_disc, blastodisc, germinal_area, layer,@ (a layer of cells on the inside of the blastula) }
{ [ blastomere, adj.pert:blastomeric,+ ] noun.Tops:cell,@ (any cell resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg) }
{ [ fetus, adj.pert:fetal,+ ] [ foetus, adj.pert:foetal,+ ] vertebrate,@ (an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal) }
{ [ monster, adj.all:ugly^monstrous,+ ] teras, fetus,@ noun.cognition:medicine,;c ((medicine) a grossly malformed and usually nonviable fetus) }
{ abortus, fetus,@ (a human fetus whose weight is less than 0.5 kilogram when removed or expelled from the mother's body) }
{ egg, noun.body:ovum,@ (animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds) }
{ ovipositor, noun.body:organ,@ (egg-laying tubular structure at the end of the abdomen in many female insects and some fishes) }
{ chalaza, noun.body:animal_tissue,@ egg,#p (one of two spiral bands of tissue connecting the egg yolk to the enclosing membrane at either end of the shell) }
{ nit, egg,@ (egg or young of an insect parasitic on mammals especially a sucking louse; often attached to a hair or item of clothing) }
{ spawn, egg,@ (the mass of eggs deposited by fish or amphibians or molluscs) }
{ roe1, egg,@ (the eggs or egg-laden ovary of a fish) }
{ roe2, spawn,@ (the egg mass or spawn of certain crustaceans such as the lobster) }
{ [ blastula, adj.pert:blastular,+ ] [ blastosphere, adj.pert:blastospheric,+ ] embryo,@ (early stage of an embryo produced by cleavage of an ovum; a liquid-filled sphere whose wall is composed of a single layer of cells; during this stage (about eight days after fertilization) implantation in the wall of the uterus occurs) }
{ blastocyst, blastodermic_vessicle, blastula,@ (the blastula of a placental mammal in which some differentiation of cells has occurred) }
{ [ trophoblast, adj.pert:trophoblastic,+ ] noun.body:membrane,@ blastosphere,#p (the membrane that forms the wall of the blastocyst in early development; aids implantation in the uterine wall; "after implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine wall the trophoblast divides into two layers, the chorion and the placenta") }
{ gastrula, embryo,@ (double-walled stage of the embryo resulting from invagination of the blastula; the outer layer of cells is the ectoderm and the inner layer differentiates into the mesoderm and endoderm) }
{ morula, embryo,@ (a solid mass of blastomeres that forms when the zygote splits; develops into the blastula) }
{ archenteron, noun.body:cavity,@ gastrula,#p (central cavity of the gastrula; becomes the intestinal or digestive cavity) }
{ [ blastopore, adj.pert:blastoporic,+ adj.pert:blastoporal,+ ] noun.body:orifice,@ archenteron,#p (the opening into the archenteron) }
{ [ layer, verb.contact:layer,+ ] noun.body:structure,@ (thin structure composed of a single thickness of cells) }
{ embryonic_tissue, noun.body:animal_tissue,@ (tissue in an embryo) }
{ germ_layer, embryonic_tissue,@ noun.cognition:embryology,;c ((embryology) any of the 3 layers of cells differentiated in embryos following gastrulation) }
{ [ ectoderm, adj.pert:ectodermic,+ adj.pert:ectodermal,+ ] exoderm, ectoblast, germ_layer,@ (the outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue) }
{ neural_tube, ectoderm,@ (a tube of ectodermal tissue in the embryo from which the brain and spinal cord develop) }
{ [ mesoderm, adj.pert:mesodermal,+ ] [ mesoblast, adj.pert:mesoblastic,+ ] germ_layer,@ (the middle germ layer that develops into muscle and bone and cartilage and blood and connective tissue) }
{ chordamesoderm, chordomesoderm, mesoderm,@ (the area of mesoderm that forms the notochord) }
{ mesenchyme, mesoderm,@ (mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles) }
{ endoderm, entoderm, endoblast, entoblast, hypoblast, germ_layer,@ (the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems) }
{ silkworm_seed, egg,@ (eggs of a silkworm) }
{ yolk, vitellus, noun.Tops:food,@ egg,#p (nutritive material of an ovum stored for the nutrition of an embryo (especially the yellow mass of a bird or reptile egg)) }
{ yolk_sac1, noun.body:sac,@ (membranous structure enclosing the yolk of eggs in birds, reptiles, marsupials, and some fishes; circulates nutrients to the developing embryo) }
{ yolk_sac2, vitelline_sac, umbilical_vesicle, vesicula_umbilicus, noun.body:sac,@ (membranous structure that functions as the circulatory system in mammalian embryos until the heart becomes functional) }
{ fang, noun.body:tooth,@ (hollow or grooved tooth of a venomous snake; used to inject its poison) }
{ fang1, noun.body:canine,@ (canine tooth of a carnivorous animal; used to seize and tear its prey) }
{ [ tusk, verb.change:tusk,+ verb.contact:tusk,+ ] noun.body:tooth,@ tusker,#p elephant,#p wild_boar,#p (a long pointed tooth specialized for fighting or digging; especially in an elephant or walrus or hog) }

{ Chordata, phylum_Chordata, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (comprises true vertebrates and animals having a notochord) }
{ [ chordate, adj.pert:chordate,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ phylum_Chordata,#m (any animal of the phylum Chordata having a notochord or spinal column) }
{ notochord, noun.body:spinal_column,@ (a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates) }
{ urochord, notochord,@ (a notochord of a larval tunicate typically confined to the caudal region) }

{ chordate_family, noun.group:family3,@ phylum_Chordata,#m (any family in the phylum Chordata) }
{ chordate_genus, noun.group:genus,@ phylum_Chordata,#m (any genus in the phylum Chordata) }

{ Cephalochordata, subphylum_Cephalochordata, noun.group:phylum,@ phylum_Chordata,#m (lancelets) }
{ cephalochordate, chordate,@ subphylum_Cephalochordata,#m (fish-like animals having a notochord rather than a true spinal column) }
{ Amphioxidae, family_Amphioxidae, Branchiostomidae, family_Branchiostomidae, chordate_family,@ subphylum_Cephalochordata,#m (lancelets) }
{ genus_Amphioxus, chordate_genus,@ family_Amphioxidae,#m (type genus of the Amphioxidae) }
{ lancelet, amphioxus, cephalochordate,@ genus_Amphioxus,#m (small translucent lancet-shaped burrowing marine animal; primitive forerunner of the vertebrates) }
{ Urochordata, subphylum_Urochordata, Urochorda, subphylum_Urochorda, Tunicata, subphylum_Tunicata, noun.group:phylum,@ phylum_Chordata,#m (tunicates) }
{ tunicate, urochordate, urochord2, chordate,@ subphylum_Urochordata,#m (primitive marine animal having a saclike unsegmented body and a urochord that is conspicuous in the larva) }
{ Ascidiaceae, class_Ascidiaceae, noun.group:class2,@ subphylum_Urochordata,#m (sometimes classified as an order: sea squirts) }
{ ascidian, tunicate,@ class_Ascidiaceae,#m (minute sedentary marine invertebrate having a saclike body with siphons through which water enters and leaves) }
{ siphon, syphon, noun.body:organ,@ noun.cognition:zoology,;c (a tubular organ in an aquatic animal (especially in mollusks) through which water can be taken in or expelled) }
{ sea_squirt, ascidian,@ (ascidian that can contract its body and eject streams of water) }
{ Thaliacea, class_Thaliacea, noun.group:class2,@ subphylum_Urochordata,#m (small class of free-swimming tunicates; sometimes classified as an order) }
{ Salpidae, family_Salpidae, chordate_family,@ class_Thaliacea,#m (a small family of tunicates in the class Thaliacea) }
{ genus_Salpa, chordate_genus,@ family_Salpidae,#m (type (perhaps sole) genus of the Salpidae) }
{ salp, salpa, tunicate,@ genus_Salpa,#m (minute floating marine tunicate having a transparent body with an opening at each end) }
{ Doliolidae, family_Doliolidae, chordate_family,@ class_Thaliacea,#m (oceanic tunicates) }
{ genus_Doliolum, chordate_genus,@ family_Doliolidae,#m (type genus of the Doliolidae) }
{ doliolum, tunicate,@ genus_Doliolum,#m (free-swimming oceanic tunicate with a barrel-shaped transparent body) }
{ Larvacea, class_Larvacea, noun.group:class2,@ subphylum_Urochordata,#m (small free-swimming tunicates; sometimes classified as an order) }
{ larvacean, tunicate,@ class_Larvacea,#m (any member of the class Larvacea) }
{ genus_Appendicularia, chordate_genus,@ class_Larvacea,#m (a genus of chordates in the class Larvacea) }
{ appendicularia, tunicate,@ genus_Appendicularia,#m (free-swimming tadpole-shaped pelagic tunicate resembling larvae of other tunicates) }
{ ascidian_tadpole, larva,@ class_Ascidiaceae,#m (free-swimming larva of ascidians; they have a tail like a tadpole that contains the notochord) }

{ Vertebrata, subphylum_Vertebrata, Craniata, subphylum_Craniata, noun.group:phylum,@ phylum_Chordata,#m (fishes; amphibians; reptiles; birds; mammals) }
{ [ vertebrate, adj.all:vertebrate,+ ] craniate, chordate,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (animals having a bony or cartilaginous skeleton with a segmented spinal column and a large brain enclosed in a skull or cranium) }
{ Amniota, vertebrate,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m noun.animal:mammal,;c (higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals) possessing an amnion during development) }
{ amniote, vertebrate,@ Amniota,#m (any member of the Amniota) }
{ [ amnion, adj.pert:amniotic,+ adj.pert:amnionic,+ adj.pert:amnic,+ ] amniotic_sac, amnios, noun.body:sac,@ amniote,#p noun.body:fetal_membrane,#p noun.animal:mammal,;c (thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals)) }
{ [ chorion, adj.pert:chorionic,+ ] noun.body:sac,@ amniote,#p noun.body:fetal_membrane,#p noun.animal:mammal,;c (the outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals)) }
{ chorionic_villus, villus,@ chorion,#p (one of the tiny villi that stick out of the fetal chorion and combine with the mother's uterine tissue to form the placenta) }
{ allantois, noun.body:fetal_membrane,@ noun.animal:mammal,;c (the vascular fetal membrane that lies below the chorion and develops from the hindgut in many embryonic higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals)) }
{ chorioallantois, chorioallantoic_membrane, noun.body:membrane,@ (the very vascular fetal membrane composed of the fused chorion and adjacent wall of the allantois) }
{ aquatic_vertebrate, vertebrate,@ (animal living wholly or chiefly in or on water) }

{ Agnatha, superclass_Agnatha, noun.group:class2,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (superclass of eel-shaped chordates lacking jaws and pelvic fins: lampreys; hagfishes; some extinct forms) }
{ jawless_vertebrate, jawless_fish, agnathan, aquatic_vertebrate,@ superclass_Agnatha,#m (eel-shaped vertebrate without jaws or paired appendages including the cyclostomes and some extinct forms) }
{ Ostracodermi, order_Ostracodermi, animal_order,@ superclass_Agnatha,#m (extinct group of armored jawless vertebrates; taxonomy is not clear) }
{ ostracoderm, jawless_vertebrate,@ order_Ostracodermi,#m (extinct fish-like jawless vertebrate having a heavily armored body; of the Paleozoic) }
{ Heterostraci, suborder_Heterostraci, animal_order,@ order_Ostracodermi,#m (extinct group of armored jawless fishes or fish-like vertebrate; taxonomy is not clear) }
{ heterostracan, jawless_vertebrate,@ suborder_Heterostraci,#m (extinct jawless fish with the anterior part of the body covered with bony plates; of the Silurian and Devonian) }
{ Osteostraci, suborder_Osteostraci, Cephalaspida, suborder_Cephalaspida, animal_order,@ order_Ostracodermi,#m (extinct group of armored fish-like vertebrates; taxonomy is not clear) }
{ osteostracan, cephalaspid, jawless_vertebrate,@ suborder_Osteostraci,#m (extinct jawless fish of the Devonian with armored head) }
{ Anaspida, order_Anaspida, animal_order,@ superclass_Agnatha,#m (extinct order of jawless vertebrates) }
{ anaspid, jawless_vertebrate,@ order_Anaspida,#m (extinct small freshwater jawless fish usually having a heterocercal tail and an armored head; of the Silurian and Devonian) }
{ Conodonta, order_Conodonta, Conodontophorida, order_Conodontophorida, animal_order,@ superclass_Agnatha,#m (extinct order of primitive vertebrates; the precise taxonomy is not clear; in some classifications considered a separate phylum) }
{ conodont1, jawless_vertebrate,@ order_Conodonta,#m (small (2 inches long) extinct eellike fish with a finned tail and a notochord and having cone-shaped teeth containing cellular bone; late Cambrian to late Triassic; possible predecessor of the cyclostomes) }
{ conodont2, noun.body:tooth,@ (the tiny fossil cone-shaped tooth of a primitive vertebrate of order Conodonta) }
{ Cyclostomata, order_Cyclostomata, animal_order,@ superclass_Agnatha,#m (primitive jawless aquatic vertebrate: lampreys; hagfishes) }
{ cyclostome, jawless_vertebrate,@ order_Cyclostomata,#m (primitive aquatic vertebrate) }
{ Petromyzoniformes, suborder_Petromyzoniformes, Hyperoartia, suborder_Hyperoartia, animal_order,@ order_Cyclostomata,#m (lampreys as distinguished from hagfishes) }
{ Petromyzontidae, family_Petromyzontidae, fish_family,@ order_Cyclostomata,#m (lampreys) }
{ lamprey, lamprey_eel, lamper_eel, jawless_vertebrate,@ family_Petromyzontidae,#m (primitive eellike freshwater or anadromous cyclostome having round sucking mouth with a rasping tongue) }
{ Petromyzon, genus_Petromyzon, fish_genus,@ family_Petromyzontidae,#m (typical lampreys) }
{ sea_lamprey, Petromyzon_marinus, lamprey,@ genus_Petromyzon,#m (large anadromous lamprey sometimes used as food; destructive of native fish fauna in the Great Lakes) }
{ Myxiniformes, suborder_Myxiniformes, Hyperotreta, suborder_Hyperotreta, Myxinoidei, Myxinoidea, suborder_Myxinoidei, animal_order,@ order_Cyclostomata,#m (hagfishes as distinguished from lampreys) }
{ Myxinidae, family_Myxinidae, fish_family,@ order_Cyclostomata,#m (slime-producing marine animals: hagfishes) }
{ hagfish, hag, slime_eels, jawless_vertebrate,@ family_Myxinidae,#m (eellike cyclostome having a tongue with horny teeth in a round mouth surrounded by eight tentacles; feeds on dead or trapped fishes by boring into their bodies) }
{ Myxine, genus_Myxine, fish_genus,@ family_Myxinidae,#m (type genus of the Myxinidae (typical hagfishes)) }
{ Myxine_glutinosa, hagfish,@ genus_Myxine,#m (typical hagfish) }
{ genus_Eptatretus, fish_genus,@ family_Myxinidae,#m (a genus of fossil fish of the family Myxinidae) }
{ eptatretus, hagfish,@ genus_Eptatretus,#m (a fossil hagfish of the genus Eptatretus) }
{ Myxinikela, genus_Myxinikela, fish_genus,@ family_Myxinidae,#m (fossil hagfishes) }
{ Myxinikela_siroka, hagfish,@ genus_Myxinikela,#m (fossil hagfish of the Pennsylvanian period (c. 300 million years ago) that resembled modern hagfishes) }

{ Gnathostomata, superclass_Gnathostomata, noun.group:class2,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (comprising all vertebrates with upper and lower jaws) }
{ gnathostome, vertebrate,@ superclass_Gnathostomata,#m (a vertebrate animal possessing true jaws) }

(==start: recheck)
{ Placodermi, class_Placodermi, noun.group:class2,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (extinct group of bony-plated fishes with primitive jaws) }
{ placoderm, aquatic_vertebrate,@ class_Placodermi,#m (fish-like vertebrate with bony plates on head and upper body; dominant in seas and rivers during the Devonian; considered the earliest vertebrate with jaws) }

{ Chondrichthyes, class_Chondrichthyes, noun.group:class2,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (cartilaginous fishes) }
{ cartilaginous_fish, chondrichthian, fish,@ class_Chondrichthyes,#m (fishes in which the skeleton may be calcified but not ossified) }
{ Holocephali, subclass_Holocephali, noun.group:class2,@ class_Chondrichthyes,#m (chimaeras and extinct forms) }
{ holocephalan, holocephalian, cartilaginous_fish,@ subclass_Holocephali,#m (fish with high compressed head and a body tapering off into a long tail) }
{ Chimaeridae, family_Chimaeridae, fish_family,@ subclass_Holocephali,#m (a family of Holocephali) }
{ genus_Chimaera, fish_genus,@ family_Chimaeridae,#m (type genus of the Chimaeridae) }
{ chimaera1, holocephalan,@ genus_Chimaera,#m (a deep-sea fish with a tapering body, smooth skin, and long threadlike tail) }
{ rabbitfish, Chimaera_monstrosa, chimaera1,@ (large European chimaera) }
{ Elasmobranchii, subclass_Elasmobranchii, Selachii, subclass_Selachii, noun.group:class2,@ class_Chondrichthyes,#m (sharks; rays; dogfishes; skates) }
{ elasmobranch, selachian, cartilaginous_fish,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (any of numerous fishes of the class Chondrichthyes characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton and placoid scales: sharks; rays; skates) }
{ [ shark, verb.competition:shark,+ ] elasmobranch,@ (any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales) }
{ Hexanchidae, family_Hexanchidae, fish_family,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (primitive sharks) }
{ Hexanchus, genus_Hexanchus, fish_genus,@ family_Hexanchidae,#m (a genus of Hexanchidae) }
{ cow_shark, six-gilled_shark, Hexanchus_griseus, shark,@ genus_Hexanchus,#m (large primitive shark widely distributed in warm seas) }
{ Lamnidae, family_Lamnidae, fish_family,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (oceanic sharks) }
{ Isuridae, family_Isuridae, fish_family,@ (in some classifications another name for the family Lamnidae) }
{ mackerel_shark, shark,@ family_Lamnidae,#m (fierce pelagic and oceanic sharks) }
{ Lamna, genus_Lamna, fish_genus,@ family_Lamnidae,#m (a genus of Lamnidae) }
{ porbeagle, Lamna_nasus, mackerel_shark,@ genus_Lamna,#m (voracious pointed-nose shark of northern Atlantic and Pacific) }
{ Isurus, genus_Isurus, fish_genus,@ family_Isuridae,#m (mako sharks) }
{ mako, mako_shark, mackerel_shark,@ genus_Isurus,#m (powerful mackerel shark of the Atlantic and Pacific) }
{ shortfin_mako, Isurus_oxyrhincus, mako_shark,@ (very swift active bluish shark found worldwide in warm waters; important game fish) }
{ longfin_mako, Isurus_paucus, mako_shark,@ (similar to shortfin mako but darker blue) }
{ bonito_shark, blue_pointed, Isurus_glaucus, mako_shark,@ (common blue-grey shark of southwest Pacific; sport and food fish) }
{ Carcharodon, genus_Carcharodon, fish_genus,@ family_Lamnidae,#m (man-eating sharks) }
{ great_white_shark, white_shark, man-eater, man-eating_shark, Carcharodon_carcharias, mackerel_shark,@ genus_Carcharodon,#m (large aggressive shark widespread in warm seas; known to attack humans) }
{ Cetorhinus, genus_Cetorhinus, fish_genus,@ family_Lamnidae,#m (comprising only the basking sharks; in some classifications considered the type genus of a separate family Cetorhinidae) }
{ Cetorhinidae, family_Cetorhinidae, fish_family,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (in some older classifications considered the family of the basking sharks) }
{ basking_shark, Cetorhinus_maximus, mackerel_shark,@ genus_Cetorhinus,#m (large harmless plankton-eating northern shark; often swims slowly or floats at the sea surface) }
{ Alopiidae, family_Alopiidae, fish_family,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (thresher sharks) }
{ Alopius, genus_Alopius, fish_genus,@ family_Alopiidae,#m (type genus of the family Alopiidae; in some classifications considered a genus of the family Lamnidae) }
{ thresher, thrasher1, thresher_shark, fox_shark, Alopius_vulpinus, shark,@ genus_Alopius,#m (large pelagic shark of warm seas with a whiplike tail used to round up small fish on which to feed) }
{ Orectolobidae, family_Orectolobidae, fish_family,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (nurse sharks and carpet sharks) }
{ Orectolobus, genus_Orectolobus, fish_genus,@ family_Orectolobidae,#m (carpet sharks) }
{ carpet_shark, Orectolobus_barbatus, shark,@ genus_Orectolobus,#m (shark of the western Pacific with flattened body and mottled skin) }
{ Ginglymostoma, genus_Ginglymostoma, fish_genus,@ family_Orectolobidae,#m (nurse sharks) }
{ nurse_shark, Ginglymostoma_cirratum, shark,@ genus_Ginglymostoma,#m (small bottom-dwelling shark of warm shallow waters on both coasts of North America and South America and from southeast Asia to Australia) }
{ Carchariidae, family_Carchariidae, Odontaspididae, family_Odontaspididae, fish_family,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (sand sharks; in some classifications coextensive with family Carcharhinidae) }
{ Carcharias, genus_Carcharias, Odontaspis, genus_Odontaspis, fish_genus,@ family_Carchariidae,#m (type and sole genus of Carchariidae: sand sharks) }
{ sand_tiger, sand_shark, Carcharias_taurus, Odontaspis_taurus, shark,@ genus_Carcharias,#m (shallow-water shark with sharp jagged teeth found on both sides of Atlantic; sometimes dangerous to swimmers) }
{ Rhincodontidae, family_Rhincodontidae, fish_family,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (small-toothed sharks comprising only one species) }
{ Rhincodon, genus_Rhincodon, fish_genus,@ family_Rhincodontidae,#m (whale sharks) }
{ whale_shark, Rhincodon_typus, shark,@ genus_Rhincodon,#m (large spotted shark of warm surface waters worldwide; resembles a whale and feeds chiefly on plankton) }
{ Scyliorhinidae, family_Scyliorhinidae, fish_family,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (small bottom-dwelling sharks) }
{ cat_shark, shark,@ family_Scyliorhinidae,#m (small bottom-dwelling sharks with cat-like eyes; found along continental slopes) }
{ Carcharhinidae, family_Carcharhinidae, fish_family,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (largest family of living sharks; found worldwide especially in tropical waters; dorsal fin lacks spines: requiem sharks including tiger sharks and soupfin sharks) }
{ requiem_shark, shark,@ family_Carcharhinidae,#m (any of numerous sharks from small relatively harmless bottom-dwellers to large dangerous oceanic and coastal species) }
{ Carcharhinus, genus_Carcharhinus, fish_genus,@ family_Carcharhinidae,#m (type genus of the Carcharhinidae) }
{ bull_shark, cub_shark, Carcharhinus_leucas, requiem_shark,@ genus_Carcharhinus,#m (a most common shark in temperate and tropical coastal waters worldwide; heavy-bodied and dangerous) }
{ sandbar_shark1, Carcharhinus_plumbeus, requiem_shark,@ genus_Carcharhinus,#m (most common grey shark along coasts of middle Atlantic states; sluggish and occasionally caught by fishermen) }
{ blacktip_shark, sandbar_shark2, Carcharhinus_limbatus, requiem_shark,@ genus_Carcharhinus,#m (widely distributed shallow-water shark with fins seemingly dipped in ink) }
{ whitetip_shark1, oceanic_whitetip_shark, white-tipped_shark, Carcharinus_longimanus, requiem_shark,@ genus_Carcharhinus,#m (large deep-water shark with white-tipped dorsal fin; worldwide distribution; most dangerous shark) }
{ dusky_shark, Carcharhinus_obscurus, requiem_shark,@ genus_Carcharhinus,#m (relatively slender blue-grey shark; nearly worldwide in tropical and temperate waters) }
{ Negaprion, genus_Negaprion, fish_genus,@ family_Carcharhinidae,#m (lemon sharks) }
{ lemon_shark, Negaprion_brevirostris, requiem_shark,@ genus_Negaprion,#m (common shallow-water schooling shark of the Atlantic from North Carolina to Brazil and off west Africa; dangerous) }
{ Prionace, genus_Prionace, fish_genus,@ family_Carcharhinidae,#m (blue sharks) }
{ blue_shark, great_blue_shark, Prionace_glauca, requiem_shark,@ genus_Prionace,#m (slender cosmopolitan, pelagic shark; blue body shades to white belly; dangerous especially during maritime disasters) }
{ Galeocerdo, genus_Galeocerdo, fish_genus,@ family_Carcharhinidae,#m (tiger sharks) }
{ tiger_shark, Galeocerdo_cuvieri, requiem_shark,@ genus_Galeocerdo,#m (large dangerous warm-water shark with striped or spotted body) }
{ Galeorhinus, genus_Galeorhinus, fish_genus,@ family_Carcharhinidae,#m (a genus of Carcharhinidae) }
{ soupfin_shark, soupfin, soup-fin, Galeorhinus_zyopterus, requiem_shark,@ genus_Galeorhinus,#m (Pacific shark valued for its fins (used by Chinese in soup) and liver (rich in vitamin A)) }
{ dogfish, shark,@ (any of several small sharks) }
{ Triakidae, family_Triakidae, fish_family,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (small sharks with smooth skins and lacking spines on their dorsal fins) }
{ Mustelus, genus_Mustelus, fish_genus,@ family_Triakidae,#m (smooth dogfishes) }
{ smooth_dogfish, dogfish,@ family_Triakidae,#m (small bottom-dwelling shark found along both Atlantic coasts) }
{ smoothhound, smoothhound_shark, Mustelus_mustelus, smooth_dogfish,@ (smooth dogfish of European coastal waters) }
{ American_smooth_dogfish, Mustelus_canis, smooth_dogfish,@ genus_Mustelus,#m (found along the Atlantic coast of the Americas) }
{ Florida_smoothhound, Mustelus_norrisi, smooth_dogfish,@ genus_Mustelus,#m (found from the northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil) }
{ Triaenodon, genus_Triaenodon, fish_genus,@ family_Triakidae,#m (a genus of Triakidae) }
{ whitetip_shark2, reef_whitetip_shark, Triaenodon_obseus, smooth_dogfish,@ genus_Triaenodon,#m (smooth dogfish of Pacific and Indian Oceans and Red Sea having white-tipped dorsal and caudal fins) }
{ Squalidae, family_Squalidae, fish_family,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (dogfishes having a spine in each dorsal fin) }
{ spiny_dogfish, dogfish,@ family_Squalidae,#m (small bottom-dwelling dogfishes) }
{ Squalus, genus_Squalus, fish_genus,@ family_Squalidae,#m (spiny dogfishes) }
{ Atlantic_spiny_dogfish, Squalus_acanthias, spiny_dogfish,@ genus_Squalus,#m (destructive dogfish of the Atlantic coastal waters of America and Europe; widely used in anatomy classes) }
{ Pacific_spiny_dogfish, Squalus_suckleyi, spiny_dogfish,@ genus_Squalus,#m (dogfish of Pacific coast of North America) }
{ Sphyrnidae, family_Sphyrnidae, fish_family,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (hammerhead sharks; bonnethead sharks) }
{ Sphyrna, genus_Sphyrna, fish_genus,@ family_Sphyrnidae,#m (type genus of the Sphyrnidae) }
{ hammerhead, hammerhead_shark, shark,@ genus_Sphyrna,#m (medium-sized live-bearing shark with eyes at either end of a flattened hammer-shaped head; worldwide in warm waters; can be dangerous) }
{ smooth_hammerhead, Sphyrna_zygaena, hammerhead,@ (fished for the hides and vitamin-rich liver) }
{ smalleye_hammerhead, Sphyrna_tudes, hammerhead,@ (fished for the hide and vitamin-rich liver) }
{ shovelhead, bonnethead, bonnet_shark, Sphyrna_tiburo, hammerhead,@ (small harmless hammerhead having a spade-shaped head; abundant in bays and estuaries) }
{ Squatinidae, family_Squatinidae, fish_family,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (bottom-dwelling ray-like sharks) }
{ Squatina, genus_Squatina, fish_genus,@ family_Squatinidae,#m (type genus of the Squatinidae: angel sharks) }
{ angel_shark, angelfish1, Squatina_squatina, monkfish1, shark,@ genus_Squatina,#m (sharks with broad flat bodies and winglike pectoral fins but that swim the way sharks do) }

{ ray, elasmobranch,@ (cartilaginous fishes having horizontally flattened bodies and enlarged winglike pectoral fins with gills on the underside; most swim by moving the pectoral fins) }

{ Torpediniformes, order_Torpediniformes, animal_order,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (rays with bodies shaped like torpedoes) }
{ Torpedinidae, family_Torpedinidae, fish_family,@ order_Torpediniformes,#m (electric rays) }
{ electric_ray, crampfish, numbfish, torpedo, ray,@ family_Torpedinidae,#m (any sluggish bottom-dwelling ray of the order Torpediniformes having a rounded body and electric organs on each side of the head capable of emitting strong electric discharges) }

{ Rajiformes, order_Rajiformes, Batoidei, order_Batoidei, animal_order,@ subclass_Elasmobranchii,#m (fish with dorsoventrally flattened bodies; includes: rays; skates; guitarfishes; sawfishes) }
{ Pristidae, family_Pristidae, fish_family,@ order_Rajiformes,#m (large primitive rays with elongated snouts) }
{ sawfish, ray,@ family_Pristidae,#m (primitive ray with sharp teeth on each edge of a long flattened snout) }
{ Pristis, genus_Pristis, fish_genus,@ family_Pristidae,#m (type genus of the Pristidae) }
{ smalltooth_sawfish, Pristis_pectinatus, sawfish,@ genus_Pristis,#m (commonly found in tropical bays and estuaries; not aggressive) }
{ Rhinobatidae, family_Rhinobatidae, fish_family,@ order_Rajiformes,#m (primitive rays with guitar-shaped bodies) }
{ guitarfish, ray,@ family_Rhinobatidae,#m (primitive tropical bottom-dwelling ray with a guitar-shaped body) }
{ Dasyatidae, family_Dasyatidae, fish_family,@ order_Rajiformes,#m (sting rays) }
{ stingray, ray,@ family_Dasyatidae,#m (large venomous ray with large barbed spines near the base of a thin whiplike tail capable of inflicting severe wounds) }
{ Dasyatis, genus_Dasyatis, fish_genus,@ family_Dasyatidae,#m (type genus of the Dasyatidae) }
{ roughtail_stingray, Dasyatis_centroura, stingray,@ genus_Dasyatis,#m (one of the largest stingrays; found from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras) }
{ Gymnura, genus_Gymnura, fish_genus,@ family_Dasyatidae,#m (butterfly rays) }
{ butterfly_ray, stingray,@ genus_Gymnura,#m (a stingray with a short tail and a broad fin) }
{ Myliobatidae, family_Myliobatidae, fish_family,@ order_Rajiformes,#m (eagle rays) }
{ eagle_ray, ray,@ family_Myliobatidae,#m (powerful free-swimming tropical ray noted for `soaring' by flapping winglike fins; usually harmless but has venomous tissue near base of the tail as in stingrays) }
{ Aetobatus, genus_Aetobatus, fish_genus,@ family_Myliobatidae,#m (a genus of Myliobatidae) }
{ spotted_eagle_ray, spotted_ray, Aetobatus_narinari, eagle_ray,@ genus_Aetobatus,#m (ray with back covered with white or yellow spots; widely distributed in warm seas) }
{ Rhinoptera, genus_Rhinoptera, fish_genus,@ family_Myliobatidae,#m (a genus of Myliobatidae) }
{ cownose_ray, cow-nosed_ray, Rhinoptera_bonasus, eagle_ray,@ genus_Rhinoptera,#m (large ray found along eastern coast of North America) }
{ Mobulidae, family_Mobulidae, fish_family,@ order_Rajiformes,#m (large rays lacking venomous spines: mantas) }
{ manta, manta_ray, devilfish, ray,@ family_Mobulidae,#m (extremely large pelagic tropical ray that feeds on plankton and small fishes; usually harmless but its size make it dangerous if harpooned) }
{ genus_Manta, fish_genus,@ family_Mobulidae,#m (a genus of Mobulidae) }
{ Atlantic_manta, Manta_birostris, manta,@ genus_Manta,#m (largest manta (to 22 feet across wings); found worldwide but common in Gulf of Mexico and along southern coasts of United States; primarily oceanic) }
{ Mobula, genus_Mobula, fish_genus,@ family_Mobulidae,#m (type genus of the Mobulidae) }
{ devil_ray, Mobula_hypostoma, manta,@ genus_Mobula,#m (small manta (to 4 feet) that travels in schools) }
{ Rajidae, family_Rajidae, fish_family,@ order_Rajiformes,#m (bottom-dwelling tropical rays: skates) }
{ skate, ray,@ family_Rajidae,#m (large edible rays having a long snout and thick tail with pectoral fins continuous with the head; swim by undulating the edges of the pectoral fins) }
{ Raja, genus_Raja, fish_genus,@ family_Rajidae,#m (type genus of the family Rajidae) }
{ grey_skate, gray_skate, Raja_batis, skate,@ genus_Raja,#m (common European skate used as food) }
{ little_skate, Raja_erinacea, skate,@ genus_Raja,#m (most plentiful skate in North American inshore waters in summer; to 21 inches) }
{ thorny_skate, Raja_radiata, skate,@ genus_Raja,#m (cold-water bottom fish with spines on the back; to 40 inches) }
{ barndoor_skate, Raja_laevis, skate,@ genus_Raja,#m (one of the largest skates (to 5 feet); an active skate easy to hook) }

{ Aves, class_Aves, noun.group:class2,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m noun.cognition:ornithology,;c ((ornithology) the class of birds) }
{ [ bird, verb.competition:bird,+ ] vertebrate,@ class_Aves,#m noun.group:flock,#m (warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings) }
{ dickeybird, dickey-bird, dickybird, dicky-bird, bird,@ noun.communication:colloquialism,;u (small bird; adults talking to children sometimes use these words to refer to small birds) }
{ [ fledgling, adj.all:fledged^fledgling,+ ] [ fledgeling, adj.all:fledged^fledgeling,+ ] young_bird,@ (young bird that has just fledged or become capable of flying) }
{ nestling, baby_bird, young_bird,@ (young bird not yet fledged) }
{ bird_family, noun.group:family3,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (a family of warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings) }
{ bird_genus, noun.group:genus,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (a genus of birds) }
{ breast, noun.body:external_body_part,@ (the part of an animal's body that corresponds to a person's chest) }
{ throat, noun.body:external_body_part,@ (the part of an animal's body that corresponds to a person's throat) }
{ cock, bird,@ (adult male bird) }
{ gamecock, fighting_cock, cock,@ (a cock bred and trained for fighting) }
{ hen2, bird,@ (adult female bird) }
{ [ nester, verb.stative:nest,+ verb.contact:nest1,+ verb.contact:nest,+ ] bird,@ (a bird that has built (or is building) a nest) }
{ night_bird, bird,@ (any bird associated with night: owl; nightingale; nighthawk; etc) }
{ night_raven1, night_bird,@ (any bird that cries at night) }
{ bird_of_passage, bird,@ (any bird that migrates seasonally) }
{ genus_Protoavis, bird_genus,@ class_Aves,#m (extinct primitive birds of the Triassic period; 70 million years before archaeopteryx) }
{ protoavis, bird,@ genus_Protoavis,#m (most primitive avian type known; extinct bird of the Triassic having bird-like jaw and hollow limbs and breastbone with dinosaur-like tail and hind limbs) }

{ Archaeornithes, subclass_Archaeornithes, noun.group:class2,@ class_Aves,#m (primitive reptile-like fossil birds of the Jurassic or early Cretaceous) }
{ genus_Archaeopteryx, genus_Archeopteryx, bird_genus,@ subclass_Archaeornithes,#m (a genus of fossil birds) }
{ archaeopteryx, archeopteryx, Archaeopteryx_lithographica, bird,@ genus_Archaeopteryx,#m (extinct primitive toothed bird of the Jurassic period having a long feathered tail and hollow bones; usually considered the most primitive of all birds) }
{ genus_Sinornis, bird_genus,@ subclass_Archaeornithes,#m (a genus of fossil birds) }
{ Sinornis, bird,@ genus_Sinornis,#m (sparrow-sized fossil bird of the Jurassic period to the Cretaceous period having a keeled breastbone and vestigial tail; found in China; considered possibly the second most primitive of all birds) }
{ genus_Ibero-mesornis, bird_genus,@ subclass_Archaeornithes,#m (a genus of fossil bird of the subclass Archaeornithes) }
{ Ibero-mesornis, bird,@ genus_Ibero-mesornis,#m (sparrow-sized fossil bird of the Cretaceous period having a vestigial tail; found in Spain; considered possibly the third most primitive of all birds) }
{ genus_Archaeornis, bird_genus,@ subclass_Archaeornithes,#m (a genus of fossil bird) }
{ archaeornis, bird,@ genus_Archaeornis,#m (extinct primitive toothed bird with a long feathered tail and three free clawed digits on each wing) }

{ [ ratite, carinate,!] ratite_bird, flightless_bird1, bird,@ (flightless birds having flat breastbones lacking a keel for attachment of flight muscles: ostriches; cassowaries; emus; moas; rheas; kiwis; elephant birds) }
{ [ carinate, adj.ppl:carinate,+ ratite,!] carinate_bird, flying_bird, bird,@ (birds having keeled breastbones for attachment of flight muscles) }
{ Ratitae, superorder_Ratitae, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (used in former classifications to include all ratite bird orders) }
{ Struthioniformes, order_Struthioniformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (a ratite bird order: ostriches and related extinct birds; known from the Pleistocene onward) }
{ Struthionidae, family_Struthionidae, bird_family,@ order_Struthioniformes,#m (tall terrestrial birds: ostriches) }
{ Struthio, genus_Struthio, bird_genus,@ family_Struthionidae,#m (type genus of the Struthionidae: African ostriches) }
{ ostrich, Struthio_camelus, ratite_bird,@ genus_Struthio,#m (fast-running African flightless bird with two-toed feet; largest living bird) }
{ Casuariiformes, order_Casuariiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (a ratite bird order: cassowaries and emus) }
{ Casuaridae, family_Casuaridae, bird_family,@ order_Casuariiformes,#m (a family of large ostrich-like birds including cassowaries) }
{ Casuarius, genus_Casuarius, bird_genus,@ family_Casuaridae,#m (type and sole genus of the Casuaridae: cassowaries) }
{ cassowary, ratite_bird,@ genus_Casuarius,#m (large black flightless bird of Australia and New Guinea having a horny head crest) }
{ Dromaius, genus_Dromaius, bird_genus,@ order_Casuariiformes,#m (a genus of birds in the order Casuariiformes) }
{ emu, Dromaius_novaehollandiae, Emu_novaehollandiae, ratite_bird,@ genus_Dromaius,#m (large Australian flightless bird similar to the ostrich but smaller) }
{ Apterygiformes, order_Apterygiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (a ratite bird order: flightless ground birds having vestigial wings and long bills and small eyes: kiwis) }
{ Apterygidae, family_Apterygidae, bird_family,@ order_Apterygiformes,#m (coextensive with the order Apterygiformes) }
{ genus_Apteryx, bird_genus,@ family_Apterygidae,#m (type genus of the Apterygidae: kiwis) }
{ kiwi, apteryx, ratite_bird,@ genus_Apteryx,#m (nocturnal flightless bird of New Zealand having a long neck and stout legs; only surviving representative of the order Apterygiformes) }
{ Rheiformes, order_Rheiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (a ratite bird order: birds intermediate in characteristics between ostriches and emus: recent and extinct rheas) }
{ Rheidae, family_Rheidae, bird_family,@ order_Rheiformes,#m (a family of birds coextensive with the order Rheiformes) }
{ genus_Rhea, bird_genus,@ family_Rheidae,#m (type genus of the Rheidae; large tall flightless South American birds similar to but smaller than ostriches) }
{ rhea1, Rhea_americana, ratite_bird,@ genus_Rhea,#m (larger of two tall fast-running flightless birds similar to ostriches but three-toed; found from Brazil to Patagonia) }
{ Pterocnemia, genus_Pterocnemia, bird_genus,@ family_Rheidae,#m (a genus of birds of the family Rheidae) }
{ rhea2, nandu, Pterocnemia_pennata, ratite_bird,@ genus_Pterocnemia,#m (smaller of two tall fast-running flightless birds similar to ostriches but three-toed; found from Peru to Strait of Magellan) }
{ Aepyorniformes, order_Aepyorniformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (huge extinct flightless birds: elephant birds) }
{ Aepyornidae, family_Aepyornidae, bird_family,@ order_Aepyorniformes,#m (coextensive with the order Aepyorniformes) }
{ genus_Aepyornis, bird_genus,@ family_Aepyornidae,#m (type genus of the Aepyornidae: elephant birds) }
{ elephant_bird, aepyornis, ratite_bird,@ genus_Aepyornis,#m (huge (to 9 ft.) extinct flightless bird of Madagascar) }
{ Dinornithiformes, order_Dinornithiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (a ratite bird order: recently extinct flightless birds of New Zealand) }
{ Dinornithidae, family_Dinornithidae, bird_family,@ order_Dinornithiformes,#m (moas) }
{ Dinornis, genus_Dinornis, bird_genus,@ family_Dinornithidae,#m (type genus of the Dinornithidae: large moas) }
{ moa, ratite_bird,@ family_Dinornithidae,#m (extinct flightless bird of New Zealand) }
{ giant_moa, Dinornis_giganteus, moa,@ genus_Dinornis,#m (the largest moa; about 12 feet high) }
{ genus_Anomalopteryx, bird_genus,@ family_Dinornithidae,#m (small moas) }
{ anomalopteryx, Anomalopteryx_oweni, moa,@ genus_Anomalopteryx,#m (the smallest moa; slender moa about the size of a large turkey) }

{ Insessores, order_Insessores, perching_bird, [ percher, verb.contact:perch,+ ] animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (a bird with feet adapted for perching (as on tree branches); this order is now generally abandoned by taxonomists) }
{ Passeriformes, order_Passeriformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (largest order of birds comprising about half the known species; rooks; finches; sparrows; tits; warblers; robins; wrens; swallows; etc.; the four suborders are Eurylaimi and Tyranni and Menurae and Oscines or Passeres) }
{ [ passerine, adj.pert:passerine,+ ] passeriform_bird, bird,@ order_Passeriformes,#m (perching birds mostly small and living near the ground with feet having 4 toes arranged to allow for gripping the perch; most are songbirds; hatchlings are helpless) }
{ nonpasserine_bird, bird,@ (chiefly arboreal birds especially of the order Coraciiformes) }

{ Oscines, suborder_Oscines, Passeres, suborder_Passeres, animal_order,@ order_Passeriformes,#m (two names for the suborder of typical songbirds) }
{ [ oscine, adj.pert:oscine,+ ] oscine_bird, passerine,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (passerine bird having specialized vocal apparatus) }
{ songbird, [ songster, noun.communication:song2,+ ] oscine_bird,@ (any bird having a musical call) }
{ Meliphagidae, family_Meliphagidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (honey eaters) }
{ honey_eater, honeysucker, oscine_bird,@ family_Meliphagidae,#m (Australasian bird with tongue and bill adapted for extracting nectar) }
{ Prunellidae, family_Prunellidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (hedge sparrow) }
{ Prunella, genus_Prunella, bird_genus,@ family_Prunellidae,#m (type genus of the Prunellidae) }
{ accentor, oscine_bird,@ genus_Prunella,#m (small sparrow-like songbird of mountainous regions of Eurasia) }
{ hedge_sparrow, sparrow3, dunnock, Prunella_modularis, accentor,@ (small brownish European songbird) }
{ Alaudidae, family_Alaudidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (larks) }
{ lark1, oscine_bird,@ family_Alaudidae,#m (any of numerous predominantly Old World birds noted for their singing) }
{ Alauda, genus_Alauda, bird_genus,@ family_Alaudidae,#m (type genus of the Alaudidae: skylarks) }
{ skylark, Alauda_arvensis, lark1,@ genus_Alauda,#m (brown-speckled European lark noted for singing while hovering at a great height) }
{ Motacillidae, family_Motacillidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (pipits and wagtails) }
{ Motacilla, genus_Motacilla, bird_genus,@ family_Motacillidae,#m (type genus of the Motacillidae: wagtails) }
{ wagtail, oscine_bird,@ genus_Motacilla,#m (Old World bird having a very long tail that jerks up and down as it walks) }
{ Anthus, genus_Anthus, bird_genus,@ family_Motacillidae,#m (pipits) }
{ pipit, titlark, lark2, oscine_bird,@ genus_Anthus,#m (a songbird that lives mainly on the ground in open country; has streaky brown plumage) }
{ meadow_pipit, Anthus_pratensis, pipit,@ (a common pipit that is brown above and white below; widely distributed in northern and central Europe and in Asia) }
{ Fringillidae, family_Fringillidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (finches: goldfinches; bullfinches; chaffinches; siskins; canaries; cardinals; grosbeaks; crossbills; linnets; buntings) }
{ finch, oscine_bird,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (any of numerous small songbirds with short stout bills adapted for crushing seeds) }
{ Fringilla, genus_Fringilla, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (type genus of the Fringillidae: chaffinch, brambling) }
{ chaffinch, Fringilla_coelebs, finch,@ genus_Fringilla,#m (small European finch with a cheerful song) }
{ brambling, Fringilla_montifringilla, finch,@ genus_Fringilla,#m (Eurasian finch) }
{ Carduelinae, subfamily_Carduelinae, bird_family,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (used in some classifications for a subgroup of finches) }
{ Carduelis, genus_Carduelis, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (in some classifications considered the type genus of a subfamily Carduelinae of the family Fringillidae: goldfinches; siskins; redpolls; linnets) }
{ goldfinch1, Carduelis_carduelis, finch,@ genus_Carduelis,#m (small European finch having a crimson face and yellow-and-black wings) }
{ linnet1, lintwhite, Carduelis_cannabina, finch,@ genus_Carduelis,#m (small Old World finch whose male has a red breast and forehead) }
{ siskin, Carduelis_spinus, finch,@ (small yellow-and-black Eurasian finch with a sharp beak) }
{ red_siskin, Carduelis_cucullata, finch,@ genus_Carduelis,#m (South American species of scarlet finch with black head and wings and tail) }
{ redpoll1, Carduelis_flammea, finch,@ genus_Carduelis,#m (small siskin-like finch with a red crown and a rosy breast and rump) }
{ redpoll2, Carduelis_hornemanni, finch,@ genus_Carduelis,#m (small siskin-like finch with a red crown) }
{ Spinus, genus_Spinus, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (in some classifications considered a subgenus of Carduelis: siskins and New World goldfinches) }
{ New_World_goldfinch, goldfinch2, yellowbird1, Spinus_tristis, finch,@ genus_Spinus,#m (American finch whose male has yellow body plumage in summer) }
{ pine_siskin, pine_finch, Spinus_pinus, finch,@ genus_Spinus,#m (small finch of North American coniferous forests) }
{ Carpodacus, genus_Carpodacus, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (house finches and purple finches) }
{ house_finch, linnet2, Carpodacus_mexicanus, finch,@ genus_Carpodacus,#m (small finch originally of the western United States and Mexico) }
{ purple_finch, Carpodacus_purpureus, finch,@ genus_Carpodacus,#m (North American finch having a raspberry-red head and breast and rump) }
{ Serinus, genus_Serinus, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (Old World finches; e.g. canaries and serins) }
{ canary, canary_bird, finch,@ genus_Serinus,#m (any of several small Old World finches) }
{ common_canary, Serinus_canaria, canary,@ (native to the Canary Islands and Azores; popular usually yellow cage bird noted for its song) }
{ serin, finch,@ genus_Serinus,#m (any of various brown and yellow finches of parts of Europe) }
{ Loxia, genus_Loxia, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (crossbill) }
{ crossbill, Loxia_curvirostra, finch,@ genus_Loxia,#m (finch with a bill whose tips cross when closed) }
{ Pyrrhula, genus_Pyrrhula, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (bullfinches) }
{ bullfinch, Pyrrhula_pyrrhula, finch,@ genus_Pyrrhula,#m (common European finch mostly black and white with red throat and breast) }
{ genus_Junco, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (American finches) }
{ junco, snowbird2, finch,@ genus_Junco,#m (small North American finch seen chiefly in winter) }
{ dark-eyed_junco, slate-colored_junco, Junco_hyemalis, junco,@ (common North American junco having grey plumage and eyes with dark brown irises) }
{ New_World_sparrow, finch,@ (sparrow-like North American finches) }
{ Pooecetes, genus_Pooecetes, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (a genus of Fringillidae) }
{ vesper_sparrow, grass_finch2, Pooecetes_gramineus, New_World_sparrow,@ genus_Pooecetes,#m (common North American finch noted for its evening song) }
{ Zonotrichia, genus_Zonotrichia, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (large New World sparrows) }
{ white-throated_sparrow, whitethroat, Zonotrichia_albicollis, New_World_sparrow,@ genus_Zonotrichia,#m (common North American finch with a white patch on the throat and black-and-white striped crown) }
{ white-crowned_sparrow, Zonotrichia_leucophrys, New_World_sparrow,@ genus_Zonotrichia,#m (finch with black-and-white striped crown) }
{ Spizella, genus_Spizella, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (chipping sparrow; field sparrow; tree sparrow) }
{ chipping_sparrow, Spizella_passerina, New_World_sparrow,@ genus_Spizella,#m (small North American finch common in urban areas) }
{ field_sparrow, Spizella_pusilla, New_World_sparrow,@ genus_Spizella,#m (common North American finch of brushy pasturelands) }
{ tree_sparrow2, Spizella_arborea, New_World_sparrow,@ genus_Spizella,#m (finch common in winter in the northern U.S.) }
{ Melospiza, genus_Melospiza, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (American song sparrow and swamp sparrow) }
{ song_sparrow, Melospiza_melodia, New_World_sparrow,@ genus_Melospiza,#m (small songbird common in North America) }
{ swamp_sparrow, Melospiza_georgiana, New_World_sparrow,@ genus_Melospiza,#m (North American finch of marshy area) }
{ Emberizidae, subfamily_Emberizidae, subfamily_Emberizinae, bird_family,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (buntings and some New World sparrows) }
{ bunting, finch,@ (any of numerous seed-eating songbirds of Europe or North America) }
{ Passerina, genus_Passerina, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Emberizidae,#m (a genus of small North American finches including the New World buntings) }
{ indigo_bunting, indigo_finch, indigo_bird, Passerina_cyanea, bunting,@ genus_Passerina,#m (small deep blue North American bunting) }
{ Emberiza, genus_Emberiza, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Emberizidae,#m (Old World buntings) }
{ ortolan, ortolan_bunting, Emberiza_hortulana, bunting,@ genus_Emberiza,#m (brownish Old World bunting often eaten as a delicacy) }
{ reed_bunting, Emberiza_schoeniclus, bunting,@ genus_Emberiza,#m (European bunting inhabiting marshy areas) }
{ yellowhammer1, yellow_bunting, Emberiza_citrinella, bunting,@ genus_Emberiza,#m (European bunting the male being bright yellow) }
{ yellow-breasted_bunting, Emberiza_aureola, bunting,@ genus_Emberiza,#m (common in Russia and Siberia) }
{ Plectrophenax, genus_Plectrophenax, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Emberizidae,#m (snow bunting) }
{ snow_bunting, snowbird1, snowflake, Plectrophenax_nivalis, bunting,@ genus_Plectrophenax,#m (white Arctic bunting) }
{ Coerebidae, family_Coerebidae, Dacninae, family_Dacninae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (the honeycreepers) }
{ honeycreeper1, oscine_bird,@ family_Coerebidae,#m (small bright-colored tropical American songbird with a curved bill for sucking nectar) }
{ Coereba, genus_Coereba, bird_genus,@ family_Coerebidae,#m (type genus of the Coerebidae) }
{ banana_quit, honeycreeper1,@ genus_Coereba,#m (any of several honeycreepers) }
{ Passeridae, family_Passeridae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (true sparrows: Old world birds formerly considered weaverbirds) }
{ sparrow, true_sparrow, passerine,@ family_Passeridae,#m (any of several small dull-colored singing birds feeding on seeds or insects) }
{ Passer, genus_Passer, bird_genus,@ family_Passeridae,#m (type genus of the Passeridae) }
{ English_sparrow, house_sparrow, Passer_domesticus, sparrow,@ genus_Passer,#m (small hardy brown-and-grey bird native to Europe) }
{ tree_sparrow1, Passer_montanus, sparrow,@ genus_Passer,#m (Eurasian sparrow smaller than the house sparrow) }
{ grosbeak, grossbeak, finch,@ (any of various finches of Europe or America having a massive and powerful bill) }
{ Hesperiphona, genus_Hesperiphona, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (evening grosbeak) }
{ evening_grosbeak, Hesperiphona_vespertina, grosbeak,@ genus_Hesperiphona,#m (North American grosbeak) }
{ Coccothraustes, genus_Coccothraustes, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (large finches) }
{ hawfinch, Coccothraustes_coccothraustes, grosbeak,@ genus_Coccothraustes,#m (a common large finch of Eurasia) }
{ Pinicola, genus_Pinicola, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (a genus of Fringillidae) }
{ pine_grosbeak, Pinicola_enucleator, grosbeak,@ genus_Pinicola,#m (large grosbeak of coniferous forests of Old and New Worlds) }
{ Richmondena, genus_Richmondena, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (cardinals) }
{ cardinal, cardinal_grosbeak, Richmondena_Cardinalis, Cardinalis_cardinalis, redbird1, finch,@ genus_Richmondena,#m (crested thick-billed North American finch having bright red plumage in the male) }
{ genus_Pyrrhuloxia, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (large showy finches related to cardinals) }
{ pyrrhuloxia, Pyrrhuloxia_sinuata, finch,@ genus_Pyrrhuloxia,#m (crested grey-and-red bird of southwest United States and Mexico) }
{ towhee, finch,@ (any of numerous long-tailed American finches) }
{ Pipilo, genus_Pipilo, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (towhees) }
{ chewink, cheewink, Pipilo_erythrophthalmus, towhee,@ genus_Pipilo,#m (common towhee of eastern North America) }
{ Chlorura, genus_Chlorura, bird_genus,@ family_Fringillidae,#m (towhees) }
{ green-tailed_towhee, Chlorura_chlorura, towhee,@ genus_Chlorura,#m (towhee of the Rocky Mountains) }
{ Ploceidae, family_Ploceidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (weaverbirds) }
{ weaver, weaverbird, weaver_finch, oscine_bird,@ family_Ploceidae,#m (finch-like African and Asian colonial birds noted for their elaborately woven nests) }
{ Ploceus, genus_Ploceus, bird_genus,@ family_Ploceidae,#m (type genus of the Ploceidae) }
{ baya, Ploceus_philippinus, weaverbird,@ (common Indian weaverbird) }
{ Vidua, genus_Vidua, bird_genus,@ family_Ploceidae,#m (whydahs) }
{ whydah, whidah, widow_bird, weaverbird,@ genus_Vidua,#m (mostly black African weaverbird) }
{ Padda, genus_Padda, bird_genus,@ family_Ploceidae,#m (a genus of Ploceidae) }
{ Java_sparrow, Java_finch, ricebird2, Padda_oryzivora, weaverbird,@ genus_Padda,#m (small finch-like Indonesian weaverbird that frequents rice fields) }
{ Estrilda, genus_Estrilda, bird_genus,@ family_Ploceidae,#m (avadavats) }
{ avadavat, amadavat, weaverbird,@ genus_Estrilda,#m (red Asian weaverbirds often kept as cage birds) }
{ Poephila, genus_Poephila, bird_genus,@ family_Ploceidae,#m (grassfinches) }
{ grassfinch1, grass_finch1, weaverbird,@ genus_Poephila,#m (usually brightly-colored Australian weaverbirds; often kept as cage birds) }
{ zebra_finch, Poephila_castanotis, grassfinch1,@ genus_Poephila,#m (small Australian weaverbird with markings like a zebra's) }
{ Drepanididae, family_Drepanididae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (Hawaiian honeycreepers) }
{ honeycreeper2, Hawaiian_honeycreeper, finch,@ family_Drepanididae,#m (small to medium-sized finches of the Hawaiian islands) }
{ Drepanis, genus_Drepanis, bird_genus,@ family_Drepanididae,#m (a genus of Drepanididae) }
{ mamo, Hawaiian_honeycreeper,@ genus_Drepanis,#m (black honeycreepers with yellow feathers around the tail; now extinct) }

{ Menurae, suborder_Menurae, animal_order,@ order_Passeriformes,#m (lyrebirds and scrubbirds) }
{ Menuridae, family_Menuridae, bird_family,@ suborder_Menurae,#m (lyrebirds) }
{ Menura, genus_Menura, bird_genus,@ family_Menuridae,#m (type and sole genus of the family Menuridae) }
{ lyrebird, passerine,@ genus_Menura,#m (Australian bird that resembles a pheasant; the courting male displays long tail feathers in a lyre shape) }
{ Atrichornithidae, family_Atrichornithidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Menurae,#m (scrubbirds) }
{ Atrichornis, genus_Atrichornis, bird_genus,@ family_Atrichornithidae,#m (type genus of the Atrichornithidae) }
{ scrubbird, scrub-bird, scrub_bird, passerine,@ genus_Atrichornis,#m (small fast-running Australian bird resembling a wren and frequenting brush or scrub) }

{ Eurylaimi, suborder_Eurylaimi, animal_order,@ order_Passeriformes,#m (broadbills) }
{ Eurylaimidae, family_Eurylaimidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Eurylaimi,#m (coextensive with the suborder Eurylaimi) }
{ broadbill1, passerine,@ family_Eurylaimidae,#m (small birds of the Old World tropics having bright plumage and short wide bills) }

{ Tyranni, suborder_Tyranni, animal_order,@ order_Passeriformes,#m (New World flycatchers; antbirds; oven birds; woodhewers) }
{ tyrannid, passerine,@ suborder_Tyranni,#m (a passerine bird of the suborder Tyranni) }
{ [ Clamatores, adj.pert:clamatorial,+ ] suborder_Clamatores, animal_order,@ order_Passeriformes,#m (used in some classification systems; a suborder or superfamily nearly coextensive with suborder Tyranni; Passeriformes having relatively simple vocal organs and little power of song; clamatorial birds) }
{ Tyrannidae, superfamily_Tyrannidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Tyranni,#m (New World tyrant flycatchers most numerous in Central America and South America but also in the United States and Canada) }
{ New_World_flycatcher, flycatcher2, tyrant_flycatcher, tyrant_bird, tyrannid,@ superfamily_Tyrannidae,#m (large American birds that characteristically catch insects on the wing) }
{ Tyrannus, genus_Tyrannus, bird_genus,@ superfamily_Tyrannidae,#m (type genus of the Tyrannidae: tyrant flycatchers) }
{ kingbird, Tyrannus_tyrannus, New_World_flycatcher,@ genus_Tyrannus,#m (large American flycatcher) }
{ Arkansas_kingbird, western_kingbird, kingbird,@ (a kingbird seen in western United States; head and back are pale grey and the breast is yellowish and the tail is black) }
{ Cassin's_kingbird, Tyrannus_vociferans, kingbird,@ (a kingbird seen in the southwestern United States; largely grey with a yellow abdomen) }
{ eastern_kingbird, kingbird,@ (a kingbird that breeds in North America and winters in tropical America; distinguished by a white band on the tip of the tail) }
{ grey_kingbird, gray_kingbird, petchary, Tyrannus_domenicensis_domenicensis, kingbird,@ (a kingbird that breeds in the southeastern United States and winters in tropical America; similar to but larger than the eastern kingbird) }
{ Contopus, genus_Contopus, bird_genus,@ superfamily_Tyrannidae,#m (pewees) }
{ pewee, peewee, peewit2, pewit2, wood_pewee, Contopus_virens, New_World_flycatcher,@ genus_Contopus,#m (small olive-colored woodland flycatchers of eastern North America) }
{ western_wood_pewee, Contopus_sordidulus, pewee,@ (small flycatcher of western North America) }
{ Sayornis, genus_Sayornis, bird_genus,@ superfamily_Tyrannidae,#m (phoebes) }
{ phoebe, phoebe_bird, Sayornis_phoebe, New_World_flycatcher,@ genus_Sayornis,#m (small dun-colored North American flycatcher) }
{ Pyrocephalus, genus_Pyrocephalus, bird_genus,@ superfamily_Tyrannidae,#m (a genus of Tyrannidae) }
{ vermillion_flycatcher, firebird3, Pyrocephalus_rubinus_mexicanus, New_World_flycatcher,@ genus_Pyrocephalus,#m (tropical American flycatcher found as far north as southern Texas and Arizona; adult male has bright scarlet and black plumage) }
{ Cotingidae, family_Cotingidae, bird_family,@ superfamily_Tyrannidae,#m (cotingas; umbrella birds) }
{ genus_Cotinga, bird_genus,@ family_Cotingidae,#m (type genus of the Cotingidae: cotingas) }
{ cotinga, chatterer, New_World_flycatcher,@ genus_Cotinga,#m (passerine bird of New World tropics) }
{ Rupicola, genus_Rupicola, bird_genus,@ family_Cotingidae,#m (cock of the rocks) }
{ cock_of_the_rock1, Rupicola_rupicola, cotinga,@ genus_Rupicola,#m (tropical bird of northern South America the male having brilliant red or orange plumage and an erectile disklike crest) }
{ cock_of_the_rock2, Rupicola_peruviana, cotinga,@ (bird of the Andes similar to Rupicola rupicola) }
{ Pipridae, family_Pipridae, bird_family,@ suborder_Tyranni,#m (manakins) }
{ Pipra, genus_Pipra, bird_genus,@ family_Pipridae,#m (type genus of the Pipridae containing the typical manakins) }
{ manakin, tyrannid,@ genus_Pipra,#m (any of numerous small bright-colored birds of Central America and South America having short bills and elaborate courtship behavior) }
{ Procnias, genus_Procnias, bird_genus,@ family_Cotingidae,#m (bellbirds) }
{ bellbird, cotinga,@ genus_Procnias,#m (any of several tropical American birds of the genus Procnias having a bell-like call) }
{ Cephalopterus, genus_Cephalopterus, bird_genus,@ family_Cotingidae,#m (a genus of Cotingidae) }
{ umbrella_bird, Cephalopterus_ornatus, cotinga,@ genus_Cephalopterus,#m (black tropical American bird having a large overhanging crest and long feathered wattle) }
{ Furnariidae, family_Furnariidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Tyranni,#m (e.g. ovenbirds) }
{ Furnarius, genus_Furnarius, bird_genus,@ family_Furnariidae,#m (type genus of the family Furnariidae: ovenbirds) }
{ ovenbird2, tyrannid,@ genus_Furnarius,#m (small brownish South American birds that build oven-shaped clay nests) }
{ Formicariidae, family_Formicariidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Tyranni,#m (antbirds) }
{ antbird, ant_bird, tyrannid,@ family_Formicariidae,#m (any of various dull-colored South American birds that feeding on ants some following army ant swarms) }
{ Formicarius, genus_Formicarius, bird_genus,@ family_Formicariidae,#m (type genus of the Formicariidae) }
{ ant_thrush, antbird,@ genus_Formicarius,#m (a kind of antbird) }
{ Thamnophilus, genus_Thamnophilus, bird_genus,@ family_Formicariidae,#m (a genus of Formicariidae) }
{ ant_shrike, antbird,@ genus_Thamnophilus,#m (antbirds superficially resembling shrikes) }
{ Hylophylax, genus_Hylophylax, bird_genus,@ family_Formicariidae,#m (a genus of Formicariidae) }
{ spotted_antbird, Hylophylax_naevioides, antbird,@ genus_Hylophylax,#m (a kind of antbird) }
{ Dendrocolaptidae, family_Dendrocolaptidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Tyranni,#m (woodhewers or woodcreepers) }
{ Dendrocolaptes, genus_Dendrocolaptes, bird_genus,@ family_Dendrocolaptidae,#m (type genus of the Dendrocolaptidae) }
{ woodhewer, woodcreeper, wood-creeper, tree_creeper2, tyrannid,@ family_Dendrocolaptidae,#m (any of numerous South American and Central American birds with a curved bill and stiffened tail feathers that climb and feed like woodpeckers) }
{ Pittidae, family_Pittidae, bird_family,@ superfamily_Tyrannidae,#m (pittas) }
{ genus_Pitta, bird_genus,@ family_Pittidae,#m (type genus of the Pittidae; a large genus of birds of southern Asia and Australia and adjacent islands) }
{ pitta, tyrannid,@ (any bird of the genus Pitta; brilliantly colored chiefly terrestrial birds with short wings and tail and stout bills) }
{ Muscivora, genus_Muscivora, bird_genus,@ superfamily_Tyrannidae,#m (a genus of Tyrannidae) }
{ scissortail, scissortailed_flycatcher, Muscivora-forficata, New_World_flycatcher,@ genus_Muscivora,#m (grey flycatcher of the southwestern United States and Mexico and Central America having a long forked tail and white breast and salmon and scarlet markings) }

{ Muscicapidae, family_Muscicapidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (Old World (true) flycatchers) }
{ Old_World_flycatcher, true_flycatcher, flycatcher1, oscine_bird,@ family_Muscicapidae,#m (any of a large group of small songbirds that feed on insects taken on the wing) }
{ Muscicapa, genus_Muscicapa, bird_genus,@ family_Muscicapidae,#m (type genus of the Muscicapidae) }
{ spotted_flycatcher, Muscicapa_striata, Muscicapa_grisola, Old_World_flycatcher,@ genus_Muscicapa,#m (common European woodland flycatcher with greyish-brown plumage) }
{ Pachycephala, genus_Pachycephala, bird_genus,@ family_Muscicapidae,#m (arboreal insectivorous birds) }
{ thickhead, whistler1, Old_World_flycatcher,@ genus_Pachycephala,#m (Australian and southeastern Asian birds with a melodious whistling call) }

{ Turdidae, family_Turdidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (thrushes; in some classifications considered a subfamily (Turdinae) of the family Muscicapidae) }
{ Turdinae, subfamily_Turdinae, bird_family,@ family_Muscicapidae,#m (alternative classification for the thrushes) }
{ thrush, oscine_bird,@ family_Turdidae,#m (songbirds characteristically having brownish upper plumage with a spotted breast) }
{ Turdus, genus_Turdus, bird_genus,@ family_Turdidae,#m (type genus of the Turdidae) }
{ missel_thrush, mistle_thrush, mistletoe_thrush, Turdus_viscivorus, thrush,@ genus_Turdus,#m (large European thrush that feeds on mistletoe berries) }
{ song_thrush, mavis, throstle, Turdus_philomelos, thrush,@ genus_Turdus,#m (common Old World thrush noted for its song) }
{ fieldfare, snowbird3, Turdus_pilaris, thrush,@ genus_Turdus,#m (medium-sized Eurasian thrush seen chiefly in winter) }
{ redwing1, Turdus_iliacus, thrush,@ genus_Turdus,#m (small European thrush having reddish flanks) }
{ blackbird2, merl, merle, ouzel1, ousel1, European_blackbird, Turdus_merula, thrush,@ genus_Turdus,#m (common black European thrush) }
{ ring_ouzel, ring_blackbird, ring_thrush, Turdus_torquatus, thrush,@ genus_Turdus,#m (European thrush common in rocky areas; the male has blackish plumage with a white band around the neck) }
{ robin1, American_robin, Turdus_migratorius, thrush,@ genus_Turdus,#m (large American thrush having a rust-red breast and abdomen) }
{ clay-colored_robin, Turdus_greyi, thrush,@ genus_Turdus,#m (robin of Mexico and Central America) }
{ Hylocichla, genus_Hylocichla, bird_genus,@ family_Turdidae,#m (American thrush: wood thrush; hermit thrush; veery) }
{ hermit_thrush, Hylocichla_guttata, thrush,@ genus_Hylocichla,#m (North American thrush noted for its complex and appealing song) }
{ veery, Wilson's_thrush, Hylocichla_fuscescens, thrush,@ genus_Hylocichla,#m (tawny brown North American thrush noted for its song) }
{ wood_thrush, Hylocichla_mustelina, thrush,@ (large thrush common in eastern American woodlands; noted for its melodious song) }
{ Luscinia, genus_Luscinia, bird_genus,@ family_Turdidae,#m (nightingales) }
{ nightingale, Luscinia_megarhynchos, thrush,@ genus_Luscinia,#m (European songbird noted for its melodious nocturnal song) }
{ thrush_nightingale, Luscinia_luscinia, thrush,@ genus_Luscinia,#m (large nightingale of eastern Europe) }
{ bulbul, nightingale,@ (nightingale spoken of in Persian poetry) }
{ Saxicola, genus_Saxicola, bird_genus,@ family_Turdidae,#m (Old World chats) }
{ Old_World_chat, chat1, thrush,@ genus_Saxicola,#m (songbirds having a chattering call) }
{ stonechat, Saxicola_torquata, Old_World_chat,@ (common European chat with black plumage and a reddish-brown breast) }
{ whinchat, Saxicola_rubetra, Old_World_chat,@ (brown-and-buff European songbird of grassy meadows) }
{ Myadestes, genus_Myadestes, bird_genus,@ family_Turdidae,#m (solitaires) }
{ solitaire1, thrush,@ genus_Myadestes,#m (a dull grey North American thrush noted for its beautiful song) }
{ Phoenicurus, genus_Phoenicurus, bird_genus,@ family_Turdidae,#m (Old World thrushes) }
{ redstart1, redtail2, thrush,@ genus_Phoenicurus,#m (European songbird with a reddish breast and tail; related to Old World robins) }
{ Oenanthe, genus_Oenanthe, bird_genus,@ family_Turdidae,#m (wheatears) }
{ wheatear, thrush,@ genus_Oenanthe,#m (small songbird of northern America and Eurasia having a distinctive white rump) }
{ Sialia, genus_Sialia, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Turdinae,#m (North American bluebirds) }
{ bluebird1, thrush,@ genus_Sialia,#m (blue North American songbird) }
{ Erithacus, genus_Erithacus, bird_genus,@ family_Turdidae,#m (Old World thrushes) }
{ robin2, redbreast, robin_redbreast2, Old_World_robin, Erithacus_rubecola, thrush,@ genus_Erithacus,#m (small Old World songbird with a reddish breast) }
{ bluethroat, Erithacus_svecicus, thrush,@ genus_Erithacus,#m (songbird of northern Europe and Asia) }

{ Sylviidae, family_Sylviidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (in some classifications considered a subfamily (Sylviinae) of the family Muscicapidae: Old World (true) warblers; American kinglets and gnatcatchers) }
{ Sylviinae, subfamily_Sylviinae, bird_family,@ family_Muscicapidae,#m (alternative classification for the Old World warblers) }
{ warbler, oscine_bird,@ (a small active songbird) }
{ Polioptila, genus_Polioptila, bird_genus,@ family_Sylviidae,#m (New World gnatcatchers) }
{ gnatcatcher, warbler,@ genus_Polioptila,#m (very small North American and South American warblers) }
{ Regulus, genus_Regulus, bird_genus,@ family_Sylviidae,#m (a genus of birds of the family Sylviidae including kinglets) }
{ kinglet, warbler,@ genus_Regulus,#m (small birds resembling warblers but having some of the habits of titmice) }
{ goldcrest, golden-crested_kinglet, Regulus_regulus, kinglet,@ (European kinglet with a black-bordered yellow crown patch) }
{ gold-crowned_kinglet, Regulus_satrata, kinglet,@ (American golden-crested kinglet) }
{ ruby-crowned_kinglet, ruby-crowned_wren, Regulus_calendula, kinglet,@ (American kinglet with a notable song and in the male a red crown patch) }
{ Old_World_warbler, true_warbler, warbler,@ family_Sylviidae,#m (small active brownish or greyish Old World birds) }
{ Silvia, genus_Silvia, bird_genus,@ family_Sylviidae,#m (type genus of the Sylviidae: warblers) }
{ blackcap1, Silvia_atricapilla, Old_World_warbler,@ genus_Silvia,#m (small brownish-grey warbler with a black crown) }
{ greater_whitethroat, whitethroat1, Sylvia_communis, warbler,@ (greyish-brown Old World warbler with a white throat and underparts) }
{ lesser_whitethroat, whitethroat2, Sylvia_curruca, warbler,@ (Old World warbler similar to the greater whitethroat but smaller) }
{ Phylloscopus, genus_Phylloscopus, bird_genus,@ family_Sylviidae,#m (warblers) }
{ wood_warbler2, Phylloscopus_sibilatrix, Old_World_warbler,@ (European woodland warbler with dull yellow plumage) }
{ Acrocephalus, genus_Acrocephalus, bird_genus,@ family_Sylviidae,#m (a genus of Sylviidae) }
{ sedge_warbler, sedge_bird, sedge_wren1, reedbird2, Acrocephalus_schoenobaenus, Old_World_warbler,@ (small European warbler that breeds among reeds and wedges and winters in Africa) }
{ Prinia, genus_Prinia, bird_genus,@ family_Sylviidae,#m (a genus of Sylviidae) }
{ wren_warbler, Old_World_warbler,@ genus_Prinia,#m (small Asiatic and African bird; constructs nests like those of tailorbirds) }
{ Orthotomus, genus_Orthotomus, bird_genus,@ family_Sylviidae,#m (tailorbirds) }
{ tailorbird, Orthotomus_sutorius, Old_World_warbler,@ genus_Orthotomus,#m (tropical Asian warbler that stitches leaves together to form and conceal its nest) }

{ Timaliidae, family_Timaliidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (babblers) }
{ Timalia, genus_Timalia, bird_genus,@ family_Timaliidae,#m (type genus of the Timaliidae) }
{ babbler, [ cackler2, verb.communication:cackle,+ ] oscine_bird,@ genus_Timalia,#m (any of various insectivorous Old World birds with a loud incessant song; in some classifications considered members of the family Muscicapidae) }

{ Parulidae, family_Parulidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (New World warblers) }
{ New_World_warbler, wood_warbler1, warbler,@ family_Parulidae,#m (small bright-colored American songbird with a weak unmusical song) }
{ Parula, genus_Parula, bird_genus,@ family_Parulidae,#m (type genus of the Parulidae: wood warblers) }
{ parula_warbler, northern_parula, Parula_americana, New_World_warbler,@ genus_Parula,#m (small grey-blue wood warbler with yellow throat and breast; of eastern North America) }
{ Wilson's_warbler, Wilson's_blackcap, Wilsonia_pusilla, New_World_warbler,@ (yellow wood warbler with a black crown) }
{ Setophaga, genus_Setophaga, bird_genus,@ family_Parulidae,#m (a genus of Parulidae) }
{ flycatching_warbler, New_World_warbler,@ (any of numerous American wood warblers that feed on insects caught on the wing) }
{ American_redstart, redstart2, Setophaga_ruticilla, flycatching_warbler,@ (flycatching warbler of eastern North America the male having bright orange on sides and wings and tail) }
{ Dendroica, genus_Dendroica, bird_genus,@ family_Parulidae,#m (a genus of Parulidae) }
{ Cape_May_warbler, Dendroica_tigrina, New_World_warbler,@ genus_Dendroica,#m (North American wood warbler; olive green and yellow striped with black) }
{ yellow_warbler, golden_warbler, yellowbird2, Dendroica_petechia, New_World_warbler,@ genus_Dendroica,#m (yellow-throated American wood warbler) }
{ Blackburn, Blackburnian_warbler, Dendroica_fusca, New_World_warbler,@ genus_Dendroica,#m (black-and-white North American wood warbler having an orange-and-black head and throat) }
{ Audubon's_warbler, Audubon_warbler, Dendroica_auduboni, New_World_warbler,@ genus_Dendroica,#m (common warbler of western North America) }
{ myrtle_warbler, myrtle_bird, Dendroica_coronata, New_World_warbler,@ genus_Dendroica,#m (similar to Audubon's warbler) }
{ blackpoll, Dendroica_striate, New_World_warbler,@ genus_Dendroica,#m (North American warbler having a black-and-white head) }
{ Icteria, genus_Icteria, bird_genus,@ family_Parulidae,#m (New World chats) }
{ New_World_chat, chat2, New_World_warbler,@ genus_Icteria,#m (birds having a chattering call) }
{ yellow-breasted_chat, Icteria_virens, New_World_chat,@ (American warbler noted for imitating songs of other birds) }
{ Seiurus, genus_Seiurus, bird_genus,@ family_Parulidae,#m (ovenbirds and water thrushes) }
{ ovenbird1, Seiurus_aurocapillus, New_World_warbler,@ genus_Seiurus,#m (American warbler; builds a dome-shaped nest on the ground) }
{ water_thrush, New_World_warbler,@ genus_Seiurus,#m (brownish North American warbler found near streams) }
{ Geothlypis, genus_Geothlypis, bird_genus,@ family_Parulidae,#m (yellowthroats) }
{ yellowthroat, New_World_warbler,@ genus_Geothlypis,#m (small olive-colored American warblers with yellow breast and throat) }
{ common_yellowthroat, Maryland_yellowthroat, Geothlypis_trichas, yellowthroat,@ (an American warbler) }

{ Paradisaeidae, family_Paradisaeidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (birds of paradise) }
{ bird_of_paradise, oscine_bird,@ family_Paradisaeidae,#m (any of numerous brilliantly colored plumed birds of the New Guinea area) }
{ Ptloris, genus_Ptloris, bird_genus,@ family_Paradisaeidae,#m (a genus of Paradisaeidae) }
{ riflebird, Ptloris_paradisea, bird_of_paradise,@ (velvety black Australian bird of paradise with green and purple iridescence on head and tail) }

{ Icteridae, family_Icteridae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (American orioles; American blackbirds; bobolinks; meadowlarks) }
{ New_World_oriole, American_oriole, oriole1, oscine_bird,@ family_Icteridae,#m (American songbird; male is black and orange or yellow) }
{ Icterus, genus_Icterus, bird_genus,@ family_Icteridae,#m (type genus of the Icteridae) }
{ northern_oriole, Icterus_galbula, New_World_oriole,@ genus_Icterus,#m (a kind of New World oriole) }
{ Baltimore_oriole, Baltimore_bird, hangbird, firebird1, Icterus_galbula_galbula, northern_oriole,@ (eastern subspecies of northern oriole) }
{ Bullock's_oriole, Icterus_galbula_bullockii, northern_oriole,@ (western subspecies of northern oriole) }
{ orchard_oriole, Icterus_spurius, New_World_oriole,@ genus_Icterus,#m (the male is chestnut-and-black) }
{ Sturnella, genus_Sturnella, bird_genus,@ family_Icteridae,#m (a genus of passerine birds including the meadowlarks) }
{ meadowlark, lark3, New_World_oriole,@ genus_Sturnella,#m (North American songbirds having a yellow breast) }
{ eastern_meadowlark, Sturnella_magna, meadowlark,@ (a meadowlark of eastern North America) }
{ western_meadowlark, Sturnella_neglecta, meadowlark,@ (a meadowlark of western North America) }
{ Cacicus, genus_Cacicus, bird_genus,@ family_Icteridae,#m (a genus of tropical American orioles) }
{ cacique, cazique, New_World_oriole,@ genus_Cacicus,#m (black-and-red or black-and-yellow orioles of the American tropics) }
{ Dolichonyx, genus_Dolichonyx, bird_genus,@ family_Icteridae,#m (bobolinks) }
{ bobolink, ricebird1, reedbird1, Dolichonyx_oryzivorus, New_World_oriole,@ genus_Dolichonyx,#m (migratory American songbird) }
{ New_World_blackbird, blackbird1, New_World_oriole,@ (any bird of the family Icteridae whose male is black or predominantly black) }
{ Quiscalus, genus_Quiscalus, bird_genus,@ family_Icteridae,#m (grackles) }
{ grackle1, crow_blackbird, New_World_blackbird,@ genus_Quiscalus,#m (long-tailed American blackbird having iridescent black plumage) }
{ purple_grackle, Quiscalus_quiscula, grackle1,@ (eastern United States grackle) }
{ Euphagus, genus_Euphagus, bird_genus,@ family_Icteridae,#m (a genus of Icteridae) }
{ rusty_blackbird, rusty_grackle, Euphagus_carilonus, New_World_blackbird,@ genus_Euphagus,#m (North American blackbird whose bluish-black plumage is rusty-edged in the fall) }
{ Molothrus, genus_Molothrus, bird_genus,@ family_Icteridae,#m (cowbirds) }
{ cowbird, New_World_blackbird,@ genus_Molothrus,#m (North American blackbird that follows cattle and lays eggs in other birds' nests) }
{ Agelaius, genus_Agelaius, bird_genus,@ family_Icteridae,#m (red-winged blackbirds) }
{ red-winged_blackbird, redwing2, Agelaius_phoeniceus, New_World_blackbird,@ genus_Agelaius,#m (North American blackbird with scarlet patches on the wings) }
{ Oriolidae, family_Oriolidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (Old World orioles) }
{ Old_World_oriole, oriole2, oscine_bird,@ family_Oriolidae,#m (mostly tropical songbird; the male is usually bright orange and black) }
{ Oriolus, genus_Oriolus, bird_genus,@ family_Oriolidae,#m (type genus of the Oriolidae) }
{ golden_oriole, Oriolus_oriolus, Old_World_oriole,@ genus_Oriolus,#m (bright yellow songbird with black wings) }
{ Sphecotheres, genus_Sphecotheres, bird_genus,@ family_Oriolidae,#m (a genus of Old World orioles) }
{ fig-bird, Old_World_oriole,@ genus_Sphecotheres,#m (greenish-yellow Australian oriole feeding chiefly on figs and other fruits) }

{ Sturnidae, family_Sturnidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (Old World starlings) }
{ starling, oscine_bird,@ family_Sturnidae,#m (gregarious birds native to the Old World) }
{ Sturnus, genus_Sturnus, bird_genus,@ family_Sturnidae,#m (type genus of the Sturnidae: common starlings) }
{ common_starling, Sturnus_vulgaris, starling,@ genus_Sturnus,#m (gregarious bird having plumage with dark metallic gloss; builds nests around dwellings and other structures; naturalized worldwide) }
{ Pastor, subgenus_Pastor, bird_genus,@ genus_Sturnus,#m (only the rose-colored starlings; in some classifications considered a separate genus) }

{ rose-colored_starling, rose-colored_pastor, Pastor_sturnus, Pastor_roseus, starling,@ subgenus_Pastor,#m (glossy black bird with pink back and abdomen; chiefly Asian) }
{ myna, mynah, mina, minah, myna_bird, mynah_bird, starling,@ (tropical Asian starlings) }
{ Acridotheres, genus_Acridotheres, bird_genus,@ family_Sturnidae,#m (mynas) }
{ crested_myna, Acridotheres_tristis, myna,@ genus_Acridotheres,#m (dark brown crested bird of southeastern Asia) }
{ Gracula, genus_Gracula, bird_genus,@ family_Sturnidae,#m (mynas) }
{ hill_myna, Indian_grackle, grackle2, Gracula_religiosa, myna,@ (glossy black Asiatic starling often taught to mimic speech) }

{ Corvidae, family_Corvidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (crow; raven; rook; jackdaw; chough; magpie; jay) }
{ corvine_bird, oscine_bird,@ family_Corvidae,#m (birds of the crow family) }
{ Corvus, genus_Corvus, bird_genus,@ family_Corvidae,#m (type genus of the Corvidae: crows and ravens) }
{ crow, corvine_bird,@ genus_Corvus,#m (black birds having a raucous call) }
{ American_crow, Corvus_brachyrhyncos, crow,@ (common crow of North America) }
{ raven, Corvus_corax, corvine_bird,@ genus_Corvus,#m (large black bird with a straight bill and long wedge-shaped tail) }
{ rook, Corvus_frugilegus, corvine_bird,@ genus_Corvus,#m (common gregarious Old World bird about the size and color of the American crow) }
{ jackdaw, daw, Corvus_monedula, corvine_bird,@ genus_Corvus,#m (common black-and-grey Eurasian bird noted for thievery) }
{ chough, corvine_bird,@ (a European corvine bird of small or medium size with red legs and glossy black plumage) }
{ Garrulinae, subfamily_Garrulinae, bird_family,@ family_Corvidae,#m (subfamily of the crow family: jays) }
{ jay, corvine_bird,@ subfamily_Garrulinae,#m (crested largely blue bird) }
{ Garrulus, genus_Garrulus, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Garrulinae,#m (type genus of the Garrulinae: Old World jays) }
{ Old_World_jay, jay,@ genus_Garrulus,#m (a European jay) }
{ common_European_jay, Garullus_garullus, Old_World_jay,@ (fawn-colored jay with black-and-white crest and blue-and-black wings) }
{ Cyanocitta, genus_Cyanocitta, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Garrulinae,#m (New World jays) }
{ New_World_jay, jay,@ (a North American jay) }
{ blue_jay, jaybird, Cyanocitta_cristata, New_World_jay,@ genus_Cyanocitta,#m (common jay of eastern North America; bright blue with grey breast) }
{ Perisoreus, genus_Perisoreus, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Garrulinae,#m (Canada jays) }
{ Canada_jay, grey_jay, gray_jay, camp_robber, whisker_jack, Perisoreus_canadensis, jay,@ genus_Perisoreus,#m (a jay of northern North America with black-capped head and no crest; noted for boldness in thievery) }
{ Rocky_Mountain_jay, Perisoreus_canadensis_capitalis, Canada_jay,@ (a Canada jay with a white head; widely distributed from Montana to Arizona) }
{ Nucifraga, genus_Nucifraga, bird_genus,@ family_Corvidae,#m (nutcrackers) }
{ nutcracker, corvine_bird,@ genus_Nucifraga,#m (speckled birds that feed on nuts) }
{ common_nutcracker, Nucifraga_caryocatactes, nutcracker,@ (Old World nutcracker) }
{ Clark's_nutcracker, Nucifraga_columbiana, nutcracker,@ (nutcracker of the western United States) }
{ Pica, genus_Pica, bird_genus,@ family_Corvidae,#m (magpies) }
{ magpie, corvine_bird,@ genus_Pica,#m (long-tailed black-and-white crow that utters a raucous chattering call) }
{ European_magpie, Pica_pica, magpie,@ (a common magpie of Eurasia) }
{ American_magpie, Pica_pica_hudsonia, magpie,@ (a magpie of Rocky Mountains in North America) }

{ Cracticidae, family_Cracticidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (Australian birds formerly included in the family Laniidae) }
{ Australian_magpie, oscine_bird,@ family_Cracticidae,#m (black-and-white oscine birds that resemble magpies) }
{ Cracticus, genus_Cracticus, bird_genus,@ family_Cracticidae,#m (type genus of the Cracticidae: Australian butcherbirds)}
{ butcherbird2, Australian_magpie,@ genus_Cracticus,#m (large carnivorous Australian bird with the shrike-like habit of impaling prey on thorns) }
{ Strepera, genus_Strepera, bird_genus,@ family_Cracticidae,#m (bell magpies) }
{ currawong, bell_magpie, Australian_magpie,@ genus_Strepera,#m (bluish black fruit-eating bird with a bell-like call) }
{ Gymnorhina, genus_Gymnorhina, bird_genus,@ family_Cracticidae,#m (in some classifications placed in the family Laniidae: Australian piping crows) }
{ piping_crow, piping_crow-shrike, Gymnorhina_tibicen, Australian_magpie,@ genus_Gymnorhina,#m (crow-sized black-and-white bird; a good mimic often caged) }

{ Troglodytidae, family_Troglodytidae, bird_family,@ order_Passeriformes,#m (wrens) }
{ wren, jenny_wren, passerine,@ family_Troglodytidae,#m (any of several small active brown birds of the northern hemisphere with short upright tails; they feed on insects) }
{ Troglodytes, genus_Troglodytes, bird_genus,@ family_Troglodytidae,#m (type genus of the Troglodytidae) }
{ winter_wren, Troglodytes_troglodytes, wren,@ genus_Troglodytes,#m (small wren of coniferous forests of northern hemisphere) }
{ house_wren, Troglodytes_aedon, wren,@ genus_Troglodytes,#m (common American wren that nests around houses) }
{ Cistothorus, genus_Cistothorus, bird_genus,@ family_Troglodytidae,#m (marsh wrens) }
{ marsh_wren, wren,@ genus_Cistothorus,#m (a wren of the genus Cistothorus that frequents marshes) }
{ long-billed_marsh_wren, Cistothorus_palustris, marsh_wren,@ (American wren that inhabits tall reed beds) }
{ sedge_wren2, short-billed_marsh_wren, Cistothorus_platensis, marsh_wren,@ (small American wren inhabiting wet sedgy meadows) }
{ Salpinctes, genus_Salpinctes, bird_genus,@ family_Troglodytidae,#m (a genus of Troglodytidae) }
{ rock_wren1, Salpinctes_obsoletus, wren,@ genus_Salpinctes,#m (wren inhabiting badlands and mesa country of western United States and Mexico) }
{ Thryothorus, genus_Thryothorus, bird_genus,@ family_Troglodytidae,#m (Carolina wrens) }
{ Carolina_wren, Thryothorus_ludovicianus, wren,@ genus_Thryothorus,#m (large United States wren with a musical call) }
{ Campylorhynchus, genus_Campylorhynchus, Heleodytes, genus_Heleodytes, bird_genus,@ family_Troglodytidae,#m (alternative classifications for the cactus wrens) }
{ cactus_wren, wren,@ genus_Campylorhynchus,#m (large harsh-voiced American wren of arid regions of the United States southwest and Mexico) }

{ Mimidae, family_Mimidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (sometimes considered a subfamily of Troglodytidae: mockingbirds; catbirds; thrashers) }
{ Mimus, genus_Mimus, bird_genus,@ family_Mimidae,#m (type genus of the family Mimidae: mockingbirds) }
{ mockingbird, mocker, Mimus_polyglotktos, oscine_bird,@ genus_Mimus,#m (long-tailed grey-and-white songbird of the southern United States able to mimic songs of other birds) }
{ Melanotis, genus_Melanotis, bird_genus,@ family_Mimidae,#m (a genus of Mimidae) }
{ blue_mockingbird, Melanotis_caerulescens, oscine_bird,@ genus_Melanotis,#m (mockingbird of Mexico) }
{ Dumetella, genus_Dumetella, bird_genus,@ family_Mimidae,#m (catbirds) }
{ catbird1, grey_catbird, gray_catbird, Dumetella_carolinensis, oscine_bird,@ genus_Dumetella,#m (North American songbird whose call resembles a cat's mewing) }
{ Toxostoma, genus_Toxostoma, bird_genus,@ family_Mimidae,#m (thrashers) }
{ thrasher, mocking_thrush, oscine_bird,@ genus_Toxostoma,#m (thrush-like American songbird able to mimic other birdsongs) }
{ brown_thrasher, brown_thrush, Toxostoma_rufums, thrasher,@ (common large songbird of eastern United States having reddish-brown plumage) }

{ Xenicidae, family_Xenicidae, Acanthisittidae, family_Acanthisittidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (alternative names for the family comprising the New Zealand wrens) }
{ New_Zealand_wren, oscine_bird,@ family_Xenicidae,#m (birds of New Zealand that resemble wrens) }
{ Xenicus, genus_Xenicus, bird_genus,@ family_Xenicidae,#m (type genus for the Xenicidae) }
{ rock_wren2, Xenicus_gilviventris, New_Zealand_wren,@ genus_Xenicus,#m (short-tailed bird resembling a wren) }
{ Acanthisitta, genus_Acanthisitta, bird_genus,@ family_Xenicidae,#m (a genus of Xenicidae) }
{ rifleman_bird, Acanthisitta_chloris, New_Zealand_wren,@ genus_Acanthisitta,#m (small green-and-bronze bird) }

{ Certhiidae, family_Certhiidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (creepers) }
{ creeper, tree_creeper1, oscine_bird,@ family_Certhiidae,#m (any of various small insectivorous birds of the northern hemisphere that climb up a tree trunk supporting themselves on stiff tail feathers and their feet) }
{ Certhia, genus_Certhia, bird_genus,@ family_Certhiidae,#m (type genus of the Certhiidae) }
{ brown_creeper, American_creeper, Certhia_americana, creeper,@ genus_Certhia,#m (a common creeper in North America with a down-curved bill) }
{ European_creeper, Certhia_familiaris, creeper,@ (common European brown-and-buff tree creeper with down-curved bill) }
{ Tichodroma, genus_Tichodroma, bird_genus,@ family_Certhiidae,#m (wall creepers; in some classifications placed in family Sittidae) }
{ wall_creeper, tichodrome, Tichodroma_muriaria, creeper,@ genus_Tichodroma,#m (crimson-and-grey songbird that inhabits town walls and mountain cliffs of southern Eurasia and northern Africa) }

{ Sittidae, family_Sittidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (nuthatches) }
{ nuthatch, nutcracker2, oscine_bird,@ family_Sittidae,#m (any of various small short-tailed songbirds with strong feet and a sharp beak that feed on small nuts and insects) }
{ Sitta, genus_Sitta, bird_genus,@ family_Sittidae,#m (type genus of the Sittidae) }
{ European_nuthatch, Sitta_europaea, nuthatch,@ genus_Sitta,#m (a kind of nuthatch) }
{ red-breasted_nuthatch, Sitta_canadensis, nuthatch,@ genus_Sitta,#m (bluish-grey nuthatch with reddish breast; of northern coniferous forests) }
{ white-breasted_nuthatch, Sitta_carolinensis, nuthatch,@ genus_Sitta,#m (bluish-grey nuthatch with black head and white breast; of eastern North America) }

{ Paridae, family_Paridae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (titmice and chickadees) }
{ titmouse, tit, oscine_bird,@ family_Paridae,#m (small insectivorous birds) }
{ Parus, genus_Parus, bird_genus,@ family_Paridae,#m (type genus of the family Paridae) }
{ chickadee, titmouse,@ genus_Parus,#m (any of various small grey-and-black songbirds of North America) }
{ black-capped_chickadee, blackcap2, Parus_atricapillus, chickadee,@ (chickadee having a dark crown) }
{ tufted_titmouse, Parus_bicolor, titmouse,@ genus_Parus,#m (crested titmouse of eastern and midwestern United States) }
{ Carolina_chickadee, Parus_carolinensis, chickadee,@ (southern United States chickadee similar to the blackcap but smaller) }
{ blue_tit, tomtit, Parus_caeruleus, titmouse,@ genus_Parus,#m (widely distributed European titmouse with bright cobalt blue wings and tail and crown of the head) }

{ Psaltriparus, genus_Psaltriparus, bird_genus,@ family_Paridae,#m (a genus of Paridae) }
{ bushtit, bush_tit, titmouse,@ genus_Psaltriparus,#m (active grey titmice of western North America) }
{ Chamaea, genus_Chamaea, bird_genus,@ family_Paridae,#m (a genus of Paridae) }
{ wren-tit, Chamaea_fasciata, titmouse,@ genus_Chamaea,#m (small brown bird of California resembling a wren) }
{ Auriparus, genus_Auriparus, bird_genus,@ family_Paridae,#m (a genus of Paridae) }
{ verdin, Auriparus_flaviceps, titmouse,@ genus_Auriparus,#m (very small yellow-headed titmouse of western North America) }

{ Irenidae, family_Irenidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (a family of birds of the suborder Oscines) }
{ Irena, genus_Irena, bird_genus,@ family_Irenidae,#m (type genus of the Irenidae: fairy bluebirds) }
{ fairy_bluebird, bluebird2, oscine_bird,@ genus_Irena,#m (fruit-eating mostly brilliant blue songbird of the East Indies) }

{ Hirundinidae, family_Hirundinidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (swallows and martins) }
{ swallow, oscine_bird,@ (small long-winged songbird noted for swift graceful flight and the regularity of its migrations) }
{ Hirundo, genus_Hirundo, bird_genus,@ family_Hirundinidae,#m (type genus of the Hirundinidae) }
{ barn_swallow, chimney_swallow1, Hirundo_rustica, swallow,@ genus_Hirundo,#m (common swallow of North America and Europe that nests in barns etc.) }
{ cliff_swallow, Hirundo_pyrrhonota, swallow,@ genus_Hirundo,#m (North American swallow that lives in colonies and builds bottle-shaped mud nests on cliffs and walls) }
{ tree_swallow1, tree_martin, Hirundo_nigricans, swallow,@ genus_Hirundo,#m (of Australia and Polynesia; nests in tree cavities) }
{ Iridoprocne, genus_Iridoprocne, bird_genus,@ family_Hirundinidae,#m (a genus of Hirundinidae) }
{ white-bellied_swallow, tree_swallow2, Iridoprocne_bicolor, swallow,@ (bluish-green-and-white North American swallow; nests in tree cavities) }
{ martin, swallow,@ (any of various swallows with squarish or slightly forked tail and long pointed wings; migrate around Martinmas) }
{ Delichon, genus_Delichon, bird_genus,@ family_Hirundinidae,#m (a genus of Hirundinidae) }
{ house_martin, Delichon_urbica, martin,@ genus_Delichon,#m (common small European martin that builds nests under the eaves of houses) }
{ Riparia, genus_Riparia, bird_genus,@ family_Hirundinidae,#m (a genus of Hirundinidae) }
{ bank_martin, bank_swallow, sand_martin, Riparia_riparia, martin,@ genus_Riparia,#m (swallow of the northern hemisphere that nests in tunnels dug in clay or sand banks) }
{ Progne, genus_Progne, bird_genus,@ family_Hirundinidae,#m (a genus of Hirundinidae) }
{ purple_martin, Progne_subis, martin,@ genus_Progne,#m (large North American martin of which the male is blue-black) }

{ Artamidae, family_Artamidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (wood swallows) }
{ Artamus, genus_Artamus, bird_genus,@ family_Artamidae,#m (type genus of the Artamidae) }
{ wood_swallow, swallow_shrike, oscine_bird,@ genus_Artamus,#m (Australasian and Asiatic bird related to the shrikes and resembling a swallow) }

{ Thraupidae, family_Thraupidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (tanagers) }
{ tanager, oscine_bird,@ family_Thraupidae,#m (any of numerous New World woodland birds having brightly colored males) }
{ Piranga, genus_Piranga, bird_genus,@ family_Thraupidae,#m (a genus of Thraupidae) }
{ scarlet_tanager, Piranga_olivacea, redbird2, firebird2, tanager,@ genus_Piranga,#m (the male is bright red with black wings and tail) }
{ western_tanager, Piranga_ludoviciana, tanager,@ genus_Piranga,#m (of western North America; male is black and yellow and orange-red) }
{ summer_tanager, summer_redbird, Piranga_rubra, tanager,@ genus_Piranga,#m (of middle and southern United States; male is deep rose-red the female mostly yellow) }
{ hepatic_tanager, Piranga_flava_hepatica, tanager,@ genus_Piranga,#m (common tanager of southwestern United States and Mexico) }

{ Laniidae, family_Laniidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (shrikes) }
{ shrike, oscine_bird,@ family_Laniidae,#m (any of numerous Old World birds having a strong hooked bill that feed on smaller animals) }
{ Lanius, genus_Lanius, bird_genus,@ family_Laniidae,#m (type genus of the Laniidae: typical shrikes) }
{ butcherbird1, shrike,@ genus_Lanius,#m (shrikes that impale their prey on thorns) }
{ European_shrike, Lanius_excubitor, butcherbird1,@ (a common European butcherbird) }
{ northern_shrike, Lanius_borealis, butcherbird1,@ (a butcherbird of northern North America) }
{ white-rumped_shrike, Lanius_ludovicianus_excubitorides, butcherbird1,@ (a butcherbird of western North America; grey with white underparts) }
{ loggerhead_shrike, Lanius_lucovicianus, shrike,@ genus_Lanius,#m (a common shrike of southeastern United States having black bands around the eyes) }
{ migrant_shrike, Lanius_ludovicianus_migrans, shrike,@ (a shrike of central North America; winters in Texas and the southern Mississippi valley) }
{ Malaconotinae, subfamily_Malaconotinae, bird_family,@ family_Laniidae,#m (an African bush shrikes) }
{ bush_shrike, shrike,@ subfamily_Malaconotinae,#m (an African shrike) }
{ Chlorophoneus, genus_Chlorophoneus, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Malaconotinae,#m (a genus of Malaconotinae) }
{ black-fronted_bush_shrike, Chlorophoneus_nigrifrons, bush_shrike,@ genus_Chlorophoneus,#m (a kind of bush shrike) }

{ Ptilonorhynchidae, family_Ptilonorhynchidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (bowerbirds) }
{ bowerbird, catbird2, oscine_bird,@ family_Ptilonorhynchidae,#m (any of various birds of the Australian region whose males build ornamented structures resembling bowers in order to attract females) }
{ Ptilonorhynchus, genus_Ptilonorhynchus, bird_genus,@ family_Ptilonorhynchidae,#m (type genus of the Ptilonorhynchidae) }
{ satin_bowerbird, satin_bird, Ptilonorhynchus_violaceus, bowerbird,@ genus_Ptilonorhynchus,#m (of southeast Australia; male is glossy violet blue; female is light grey-green) }
{ Chlamydera, genus_Chlamydera, bird_genus,@ family_Ptilonorhynchidae,#m (a genus of Ptilonorhynchidae) }
{ great_bowerbird, Chlamydera_nuchalis, bowerbird,@ genus_Chlamydera,#m (large bowerbird of northern Australia) }

{ Cinclidae, family_Cinclidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (water ouzels) }
{ water_ouzel, dipper2, oscine_bird,@ family_Cinclidae,#m (small stocky diving bird without webbed feet; frequents fast-flowing streams and feeds along the bottom) }
{ Cinclus, genus_Cinclus, bird_genus,@ family_Cinclidae,#m (type genus of the family Cinclidae) }
{ European_water_ouzel, Cinclus_aquaticus, water_ouzel,@ genus_Cinclus,#m (a water ouzel of Europe) }
{ American_water_ouzel, Cinclus_mexicanus, water_ouzel,@ genus_Cinclus,#m (a water ouzel of western North America) }

{ Vireonidae, family_Vireonidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (small insectivorous American songbirds) }
{ genus_Vireo, bird_genus,@ family_Vireonidae,#m (type genus of the Vireonidae) }
{ vireo, oscine_bird,@ genus_Vireo,#m (any of various small insectivorous American birds chiefly olive-grey in color) }
{ red-eyed_vireo, Vireo_olivaceous, vireo,@ (of northern North America having red irises and an olive-grey body with white underparts) }
{ solitary_vireo, Vireo_solitarius, vireo,@ (of eastern North America having a bluish-grey head and mostly green body) }
{ blue-headed_vireo, Vireo_solitarius_solitarius, vireo,@ (common vireo of northeastern North America with bluish slaty-grey head) }

{ Bombycillidae, family_Bombycillidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Oscines,#m (a family of birds of the suborder Oscines) }
{ Bombycilla, genus_bombycilla, bird_genus,@ family_Bombycillidae,#m (waxwings) }
{ waxwing, oscine_bird,@ genus_Bombycilla,#m (brown velvety-plumaged songbirds of the northern hemisphere having crested heads and red waxy wing tips) }
{ cedar_waxwing, cedarbird, Bombycilla_cedrorun, waxwing,@ (widely distributed over temperate North America) }
{ Bohemian_waxwing, Bombycilla_garrulus, waxwing,@ (large waxwing of northern North America; similar to but larger than the cedar waxwing) }

{ Raptores, order_Raptores, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (term used in former classifications; erroneously grouped together birds of the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes) }

{ bird_of_prey, [ raptor, adj.all:aggressive^raptorial,+ adj.pert:raptorial,+ ] raptorial_bird, bird,@ (any of numerous carnivorous birds that hunt and kill other animals) }
{ Falconiformes, order_Falconiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (chiefly diurnal carnivorous birds having hooked beaks and long talons with opposable hind toe: falcons; hawks; eagles; ospreys; caracaras; vultures) }
{ Accipitriformes, order_Accipitriformes, bird_of_prey,@ (in some classifications an alternative name for the Falconiformes) }
{ Accipitridae, family_Accipitridae, bird_family,@ order_Falconiformes,#m (hawks; Old World vultures; kites; harriers; eagles) }
{ [ hawk, verb.competition:hawk,+ ] bird_of_prey,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (diurnal bird of prey typically having short rounded wings and a long tail) }
{ eyas, hawk,@ (an unfledged or nestling hawk) }
{ tiercel, [ tercel, noun.animal:tercelet,+ ] [ tercelet, noun.animal:tercel,+ ] hawk,@ (male hawk especially male peregrine or gyrfalcon) }

{ Accipiter, genus_Accipiter, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (type genus of the family Accipitridae) }
{ goshawk, Accipiter_gentilis, hawk,@ genus_Accipiter,#m (large hawk of Eurasia and North America used in falconry) }
{ sparrow_hawk2, Accipiter_nisus, hawk,@ genus_Accipiter,#m (small hawk of Eurasia and northern Africa) }
{ Cooper's_hawk, blue_darter, Accipiter_cooperii, hawk,@ genus_Accipiter,#m (bluish-grey North American hawk having a darting flight) }
{ chicken_hawk, hen_hawk, hawk,@ (nontechnical term for any hawks said to prey on poultry) }
{ Buteo, genus_Buteo, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (broad-winged soaring hawks) }
{ [ buteonine, adj.pert:buteonine,+ ] hawk,@ genus_Buteo,#m (any hawk of the genus Buteo) }
{ redtail1, red-tailed_hawk, Buteo_jamaicensis, hawk,@ genus_Buteo,#m (dark brown American hawk species having a reddish-brown tail) }
{ rough-legged_hawk, roughleg, Buteo_lagopus, hawk,@ genus_Buteo,#m (large hawk of the northern hemisphere that feeds chiefly on small rodents and is beneficial to farmers) }
{ red-shouldered_hawk, Buteo_lineatus, hawk,@ genus_Buteo,#m (North American hawk with reddish brown shoulders) }
{ buzzard2, Buteo_buteo, hawk,@ genus_Buteo,#m (the common European short-winged hawk) }
{ Pernis, genus_Pernis, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (a common European bird of prey; dull brown with white-streaked underparts) }
{ honey_buzzard, Pernis_apivorus, hawk,@ genus_Pernis,#m (Old World hawk that feeds on bee larvae and small rodents and reptiles) }
{ kite, hawk,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (any of several small graceful hawks of the family Accipitridae having long pointed wings and feeding on insects and small animals) }
{ Milvus, genus-Milvus, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (a genus including the common European kits) }
{ black_kite, Milvus_migrans, kite,@ (dark Old World kite feeding chiefly on carrion) }
{ Elanoides, genus_Elanoides, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (a genus of kites) }
{ swallow-tailed_kite, swallow-tailed_hawk, Elanoides_forficatus, kite,@ genus_Elanoides,#m (graceful North American black-and-white kite) }
{ Elanus, genus_Elanus, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (a genus of small kites of both Old and New Worlds) }
{ white-tailed_kite, Elanus_leucurus, kite,@ genus_Elanus,#m (grey-and-white American kite of warm and tropical regions) }
{ Circus, genus_Circus, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (a genus of haws comprising the harriers) }
{ harrier, hawk,@ genus_Circus,#m (hawks that hunt over meadows and marshes and prey on small terrestrial animals) }
{ marsh_harrier, Circus_Aeruginosus, harrier,@ genus_Circus,#m (Old World harrier frequenting marshy regions) }
{ Montagu's_harrier, Circus_pygargus, harrier,@ genus_Circus,#m (brownish European harrier) }
{ marsh_hawk, northern_harrier, hen_harrier, Circus_cyaneus, harrier,@ genus_Circus,#m (common harrier of North America and Europe; nests in marshes and open land) }
{ Circaetus, genus_Circaetus, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (harrier eagles) }
{ harrier_eagle, short-toed_eagle, hawk,@ genus_Circaetus,#m (any of numerous large Old World hawks intermediate in some respects between typical hawks and typical eagles) }

{ Falconidae, family_Falconidae, bird_family,@ order_Falconiformes,#m (a family of birds of the order Falconiformes) }
{ [ falcon, verb.competition:falcon,+ ] hawk,@ family_Falconidae,#m (diurnal birds of prey having long pointed powerful wings adapted for swift flight) }
{ Falco, genus_Falco, bird_genus,@ family_Falconidae,#m (a genus of Falconidae) }
{ [ peregrine, adj.all:unsettled1^peregrine,+ ] peregrine_falcon, Falco_peregrinus, falcon,@ genus_Falco,#m (a widely distributed falcon formerly used in falconry) }
{ falcon-gentle, falcon-gentil, peregrine_falcon,@ (female falcon especially a female peregrine falcon) }
{ gyrfalcon, gerfalcon, Falco_rusticolus, falcon,@ genus_Falco,#m (large and rare Arctic falcon having white and dark color phases) }
{ kestrel1, Falco_tinnunculus, falcon,@ genus_Falco,#m (small Old World falcon that hovers in the air against a wind) }
{ sparrow_hawk1, American_kestrel, kestrel2, Falco_sparverius, falcon,@ genus_Falco,#m (small North American falcon) }
{ pigeon_hawk, merlin, Falco_columbarius, falcon,@ genus_Falco,#m (small falcon of Europe and America having dark plumage with black-barred tail; used in falconry) }
{ hobby, Falco_subbuteo, falcon,@ genus_Falco,#m (small Old World falcon formerly trained and flown at small birds) }
{ caracara, falcon,@ (any of various long-legged carrion-eating hawks of South America and Central America) }
{ Polyborus, genus_Polyborus, bird_genus,@ family_Falconidae,#m (a genus of Falconidae) }
{ Audubon's_caracara, Polyborus_cheriway_audubonii, caracara,@ genus_Polyborus,#m (widespread from southern United States to Central America; rusty black with black-and-white breast and tail) }
{ carancha, Polyborus_plancus, caracara,@ genus_Polyborus,#m (South American caracara) }

{ [ eagle, noun.animal:eaglet,+ ] bird_of_Jove, bird_of_prey,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight) }
{ young_bird, young,@ class_Aves,#m (a bird that is still young) }
{ [ eaglet, noun.animal:eagle,+ ] eagle,@ young_bird,@ (a young eagle) }
{ Harpia, genus_Harpia, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (a genus of Accipitridae) }
{ harpy1, harpy_eagle, Harpia_harpyja, eagle,@ genus_Harpia,#m (large black-and-white crested eagle of tropical America) }
{ Aquila, genus_Aquila, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (a genus of Accipitridae) }
{ golden_eagle, Aquila_chrysaetos, eagle,@ genus_Aquila,#m (large eagle of mountainous regions of the northern hemisphere having a golden-brown head and neck) }
{ tawny_eagle, Aquila_rapax, eagle,@ genus_Aquila,#m (brownish eagle of Africa and parts of Asia) }
{ ringtail1, golden_eagle,@ (an immature golden eagle) }
{ Haliaeetus, genus_Haliaeetus, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (a genus of Accipitridae) }
{ bald_eagle, American_eagle, Haliaeetus_leucocephalus, eagle,@ genus_Haliaeetus,#m (a large eagle of North America that has a white head and dark wings and body) }
{ sea_eagle1, eagle,@ genus_Haliaeetus,#m (any of various large eagles that usually feed on fish) }
{ Kamchatkan_sea_eagle, Stellar's_sea_eagle, Haliaeetus_pelagicus, sea_eagle1,@ (found on coasts of the northwestern Pacific) }
{ ern, erne, grey_sea_eagle, gray_sea_eagle, European_sea_eagle, white-tailed_sea_eagle, Haliatus_albicilla, sea_eagle1,@ (bulky greyish-brown eagle with a short wedge-shaped white tail; of Europe and Greenland) }
{ fishing_eagle, Haliaeetus_leucorhyphus, sea_eagle1,@ (of southeast Europe and central Asia) }

{ Pandionidae, family_Pandionidae, bird_family,@ order_Falconiformes,#m (ospreys) }
{ Pandion, genus_Pandion, bird_genus,@ family_Pandionidae,#m (type genus of the Pandionidae) }
{ osprey, fish_hawk, fish_eagle, sea_eagle2, Pandion_haliaetus, hawk,@ genus_Pandion,#m (large harmless hawk found worldwide that feeds on fish and builds a bulky nest often occupied for years) }

{ [ vulture, adj.all:aggressive^vulturous,+ ] bird_of_prey,@ (any of various large diurnal birds of prey having naked heads and weak claws and feeding chiefly on carrion) }
{ Aegypiidae, family_Aegypiidae, vulture,@ (in some classifications considered the family comprising the Old World vultures which are more often included in the family Accipitridae) }
{ Old_World_vulture, vulture,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (any of several large vultures of Africa and Eurasia) }
{ Gyps, genus_Gyps, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (a genus of Accipitridae) }
{ griffon_vulture, griffon3, Gyps_fulvus, Old_World_vulture,@ genus_Gyps,#m (large vulture of southern Europe and northern Africa having pale plumage with black wings) }
{ Gypaetus, genus_Gypaetus, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (in some classifications the type genus of the family Aegypiidae) }
{ bearded_vulture, lammergeier, lammergeyer, Gypaetus_barbatus, Old_World_vulture,@ (the largest Eurasian bird of prey; having black feathers hanging around the bill) }
{ Neophron, genus_Neophron, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (a genus of Accipitridae) }
{ Egyptian_vulture, Pharaoh's_chicken, Neophron_percnopterus, Old_World_vulture,@ genus_Neophron,#m (small mostly white vulture of Africa and southern Eurasia) }
{ Aegypius, genus_Aegypius, bird_genus,@ family_Accipitridae,#m (a genus of Accipitridae) }
{ black_vulture1, Aegypius_monachus, Old_World_vulture,@ genus_Aegypius,#m (of southern Eurasia and northern Africa) }
{ Sagittariidae, family_Sagittariidae, bird_family,@ order_Falconiformes,#m (secretary birds) }
{ Sagittarius, genus_Sagittarius, bird_genus,@ family_Sagittariidae,#m (type genus of the Sagittariidae) }
{ secretary_bird, Sagittarius_serpentarius, bird_of_prey,@ genus_Sagittarius,#m (large long-legged African bird of prey that feeds on reptiles) }

{ Cathartidae, family_Cathartidae, bird_family,@ order_Falconiformes,#m (condors; turkey buzzards; king vultures) }
{ New_World_vulture, cathartid, vulture,@ family_Cathartidae,#m (large birds of prey superficially similar to Old World vultures) }
{ Cathartes, genus_Cathartes, bird_genus,@ family_Cathartidae,#m (type genus of the Cathartidae: turkey vultures) }
{ buzzard1, turkey_buzzard, turkey_vulture, Cathartes_aura, New_World_vulture,@ genus_Cathartes,#m (a New World vulture that is common in South America and Central America and the southern United States) }
{ condor, New_World_vulture,@ (the largest flying birds in the western hemisphere) }
{ Vultur, genus_Vultur, bird_genus,@ family_Cathartidae,#m (a bird that is usually restricted to the Andean condor) }
{ Andean_condor, Vultur_gryphus, condor,@ genus_Vultur,#m (large vulture of the high Andes having black plumage and white neck ruff) }
{ Gymnogyps, genus_Gymnogyps, bird_genus,@ family_Cathartidae,#m (containing solely the California condor) }
{ California_condor, Gymnogyps_californianus, condor,@ (North American condor; chiefly dull black; almost extinct) }
{ Coragyps, genus_Coragyps, bird_genus,@ family_Cathartidae,#m (a genus of Cathartidae) }
{ black_vulture2, carrion_crow, Coragyps_atratus, New_World_vulture,@ genus_Coragyps,#m (American vulture smaller than the turkey buzzard) }
{ Sarcorhamphus, genus_Sarcorhamphus, bird_genus,@ family_Cathartidae,#m (usually containing only the king vulture) }
{ king_vulture, Sarcorhamphus_papa, New_World_vulture,@ genus_Sarcorhamphus,#m (large black-and-white vulture of South America and Central America; have colorful wattles and wartlike protuberances on head and neck) }

{ Strigiformes, order_Strigiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (owls) }
{ [ owl, noun.animal:owlet,+ ] bird_of_Minerva, bird_of_night, hooter, bird_of_prey,@ order_Strigiformes,#m (nocturnal bird of prey with hawk-like beak and claws and large head with front-facing eyes) }
{ [ owlet, noun.animal:owl,+ ] owl,@ (young owl) }
{ Strigidae, family_Strigidae, bird_family,@ order_Strigiformes,#m (a family of nocturnal birds of the order Strigiformes) }
{ Athene, genus_Athene, bird_genus,@ family_Strigidae,#m (a genus of Strigidae) }
{ little_owl, Athene_noctua, owl,@ genus_Athene,#m (small European owl) }
{ Bubo, genus_Bubo, bird_genus,@ family_Strigidae,#m (a genus of Strigidae) }
{ horned_owl, owl,@ genus_Bubo,#m (large owls having prominent ear tufts) }
{ great_horned_owl, Bubo_virginianus, horned_owl,@ (brown North American horned owl) }
{ Strix, genus_Strix, bird_genus,@ family_Strigidae,#m (owls lacking ear tufts) }
{ great_grey_owl, great_gray_owl, Strix_nebulosa, owl,@ genus_Strix,#m (large dish-faced owl of northern North America and western Eurasia) }
{ tawny_owl, Strix_aluco, owl,@ genus_Strix,#m (reddish-brown European owl having a round head with black eyes) }
{ barred_owl, Strix_varia, owl,@ genus_Strix,#m (large owl of eastern North America having its breast and abdomen streaked with brown) }
{ Otus, genus_Otus, bird_genus,@ family_Strigidae,#m (a genus of Strigidae) }
{ screech_owl1, Otus_asio, owl,@ genus_Otus,#m (small North American owl having hornlike tufts of feathers whose call sounds like a quavering whistle) }
{ screech_owl2, owl,@ (any owl that has a screeching cry) }
{ scops_owl, owl,@ genus_Otus,#m (any of several small owls having ear tufts and a whistling call) }
{ spotted_owl, Strix_occidentalis, owl,@ genus_Strix,#m (a large owl of North America found in forests from British Columbia to central Mexico; has dark brown plumage and a heavily spotted chest) }
{ Old_World_scops_owl, Otus_scops, scops_owl,@ (European scops owl) }
{ Oriental_scops_owl, Otus_sunia, scops_owl,@ (Asian scops owl) }
{ hoot_owl, owl,@ (any owl that hoots as distinct from screeching) }
{ Surnia, genus_Surnia, bird_genus,@ family_Strigidae,#m (a genus of hawk-like owls) }
{ hawk_owl, Surnia_ulula, owl,@ genus_Surnia,#m (grey-and-white diurnal hawk-like owl of northern parts of the northern hemisphere) }
{ Asio, genus_Asio, bird_genus,@ family_Strigidae,#m (a genus of European owls) }
{ long-eared_owl, Asio_otus, owl,@ genus_Asio,#m (slender European owl of coniferous forests with long ear tufts) }
{ Sceloglaux, genus_Sceloglaux, bird_genus,@ family_Strigidae,#m (a genus of Strigidae) }
{ laughing_owl, laughing_jackass2, Sceloglaux_albifacies, owl,@ genus_Sceloglaux,#m (almost extinct owl of New Zealand) }
{ Tytonidae, family_Tytonidae, bird_family,@ order_Strigiformes,#m (comprising only the barn owls) }
{ Tyto, genus_Tyto, bird_genus,@ family_Tytonidae,#m (type and only genus of the family Tytonidae) }
{ barn_owl, Tyto_alba, owl,@ genus_Tyto,#m (mottled buff and white owl often inhabiting barns and other structures; important in rodent control) }

{ [ amphibia, adj.pert:amphibious,+ ] class_Amphibia, noun.group:class2,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (the class of vertebrates that live on land but breed in water; frogs; toads; newts; salamanders; caecilians) }
{ amphibian_family, noun.group:family3,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (any family of amphibians) }
{ amphibian_genus, noun.group:genus,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (any genus of amphibians) }
{ [ amphibian, adj.pert:amphibian,+ ] vertebrate,@ class_Amphibia,#m (cold-blooded vertebrate typically living on land but breeding in water; aquatic larvae undergo metamorphosis into adult form) }

{ Hynerpeton, genus_Hynerpeton, amphibian_genus,@ class_Amphibia,#m (earliest fossil amphibian ever found; of the Devonian; found in Pennsylvania) }
{ Hynerpeton_bassetti, amphibian,@ genus_Hynerpeton,#m (fossil amphibian of the Devonian having well-developed forelimbs; found in Pennsylvania) }
{ genus_Ichthyostega, amphibian_genus,@ class_Amphibia,#m (second earliest fossil amphibian ever found; of the Devonian; found in Greenland) }
{ Ichyostega, amphibian,@ genus_Ichthyostega,#m (early tetrapod amphibian found in Greenland) }

{ Urodella, order_Urodella, Caudata, order_Caudata, animal_order,@ class_Amphibia,#m (salamanders; newts; congo snakes) }
{ urodele, caudate, amphibian,@ order_Urodella,#m (amphibians that resemble lizards) }
{ Salamandridae, family_Salamandridae, amphibian_family,@ order_Urodella,#m (salamanders) }
{ Salamandra, genus_Salamandra, amphibian_genus,@ family_Salamandridae,#m (type genus of the Salamandridae) }
{ salamander, amphibian,@ (any of various typically terrestrial amphibians that resemble lizards and that return to water only to breed) }
{ European_fire_salamander, Salamandra_salamandra, salamander,@ genus_Salamandra,#m (a kind of European salamander) }
{ spotted_salamander1, fire_salamander, Salamandra_maculosa, salamander,@ genus_Salamandra,#m (European salamander having dark skin with usually yellow spots) }
{ alpine_salamander, Salamandra_atra, salamander,@ genus_Salamandra,#m (ovoviviparous amphibian of the Alps) }
{ newt, triton1, salamander,@ family_Salamandridae,#m (small usually bright-colored semiaquatic salamanders of North America and Europe and northern Asia) }
{ Triturus, genus_Triturus, amphibian_genus,@ family_Salamandridae,#m (chiefly aquatic salamanders) }
{ common_newt, Triturus_vulgaris, newt,@ genus_Triturus,#m (small semiaquatic salamander) }
{ Notophthalmus, genus_Notophthalmus, amphibian_genus,@ family_Salamandridae,#m (newts) }
{ red_eft, Notophthalmus_viridescens, newt,@ (red terrestrial form of a common North American newt) }
{ Taricha, genus_Taricha, amphibian_genus,@ family_Salamandridae,#m (Pacific newts) }
{ Pacific_newt, newt,@ genus_Taricha,#m (any of several rough-skinned newts found in western North America) }
{ rough-skinned_newt, Taricha_granulosa, Pacific_newt,@ genus_Taricha,#m (newt of humid coast from Alaska to southern California) }
{ California_newt, Taricha_torosa, Pacific_newt,@ (newt that is similar to Taricha granulosa in characteristics and habitat) }
{ eft, newt,@ (a newt in its terrestrial stage of development) }

{ Ambystomatidae, family_Ambystomatidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Urodella,#m (New World salamanders) }
{ Ambystoma, genus_Ambystoma, amphibian_genus,@ family_Ambystomatidae,#m (type genus of the Ambystomatidae) }
{ ambystomid, ambystomid_salamander, salamander,@ genus_Ambystoma,#m (small to moderate-sized terrestrial or semiaquatic New World salamander) }
{ mole_salamander, Ambystoma_talpoideum, ambystomid_salamander,@ (brownish-black burrowing salamander of southeastern United States) }
{ spotted_salamander2, Ambystoma_maculatum, ambystomid_salamander,@ (glossy black North American salamander with yellow spots) }
{ tiger_salamander, Ambystoma_tigrinum, ambystomid_salamander,@ (widely distributed brown or black North American salamander with vertical yellowish blotches) }
{ axolotl, mud_puppy2, Ambystoma_mexicanum, ambystomid_salamander,@ (larval salamander of mountain lakes of Mexico that usually lives without metamorphosing) }
{ waterdog, ambystomid,@ (any of several large aquatic salamanders) }
{ Cryptobranchidae, family_Cryptobranchidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Urodella,#m (large aquatic salamanders: hellbenders; giant salamanders) }
{ Cryptobranchus, genus_Cryptobranchus, amphibian_genus,@ family_Cryptobranchidae,#m (type genus of the Cryptobranchidae) }
{ hellbender, mud_puppy3, Cryptobranchus_alleganiensis, salamander,@ genus_Cryptobranchus,#m (large salamander of North American rivers and streams) }
{ Megalobatrachus, genus_Megalobatrachus, amphibian_genus,@ family_Cryptobranchidae,#m (giant salamanders; in some classifications included in the genus Cryptobranchus) }
{ giant_salamander, Megalobatrachus_maximus, salamander,@ genus_Megalobatrachus,#m (large (up to more than three feet) edible salamander of Asia) }
{ Proteidae, family_Proteidae, amphibian_genus,@ order_Urodella,#m (mud puppies) }
{ Proteus, genus_Proteus, amphibian_genus,@ family_Proteidae,#m (type genus of the Proteidae) }
{ olm, Proteus_anguinus, salamander,@ genus_Proteus,#m (European aquatic salamander with permanent external gills that lives in caves) }
{ Necturus, genus_Necturus, amphibian_genus,@ family_Proteidae,#m (a genus of Proteidae) }
{ mud_puppy1, Necturus_maculosus, salamander,@ genus_Necturus,#m (aquatic North American salamander with red feathery external gills) }

{ Dicamptodontidae, family_Dicamptodontidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Urodella,#m (large and small highly aquatic salamanders) }
{ genus_Dicamptodon, amphibian_genus,@ family_Dicamptodontidae,#m (type genus of the Dicamptodontidae) }
{ dicamptodon, dicamptodontid, salamander,@ family_Dicamptodontidae,#m (salamanders found near cold streams throughout the year) }
{ Pacific_giant_salamander, Dicamptodon_ensatus, salamander,@ genus_Dicamptodon,#m (large (to 7 inches) salamander of western North America) }
{ Rhyacotriton, genus_Rhyacotriton, amphibian_genus,@ family_Dicamptodontidae,#m (olympic salamanders) }
{ olympic_salamander, Rhyacotriton_olympicus, salamander,@ genus_Rhyacotriton,#m (small large-eyed semiaquatic salamander of the United States Northwest) }
{ Plethodontidae, family_Plethodontidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Urodella,#m (small mostly terrestrial New World salamanders having neither lungs nor gills as adults) }
{ Plethodon, genus_Plethodon, amphibian_genus,@ family_Plethodontidae,#m (type genus of the Plethodontidae) }
{ lungless_salamander, plethodont, salamander,@ family_Plethodontidae,#m (mostly terrestrial salamanders that breathe through their thin moist skin; lay eggs in moist places on land; rarely enter water) }
{ eastern_red-backed_salamander, Plethodon_cinereus, salamander,@ genus_Plethodon,#m (common salamander of eastern North America) }
{ western_red-backed_salamander, Plethodon_vehiculum, salamander,@ genus_Plethodon,#m (salamander of the Pacific coast of North America) }
{ Desmograthus, genus_Desmograthus, amphibian_genus,@ family_Plethodontidae,#m (an amphibian genus of Plethodontidae) }
{ dusky_salamander, salamander,@ genus_Desmograthus,#m (common North American salamander mottled with dull brown or greyish-black) }
{ Aneides, genus_Aneides, amphibian_genus,@ family_Plethodontidae,#m (climbing salamanders) }
{ climbing_salamander, salamander,@ genus_Aneides,#m (any of several North American salamanders adapted for climbing with well-developed limbs and long somewhat squared-off toes) }
{ arboreal_salamander, Aneides_lugubris, climbing_salamander,@ (yellow-spotted brown salamander of California woodlands) }
{ Batrachoseps, genus_Batrachoseps, amphibian_genus,@ family_Plethodontidae,#m (slender salamanders) }
{ slender_salamander, worm_salamander, salamander,@ genus_Batrachoseps,#m (any of several small slim salamanders of the Pacific coast of the United States) }
{ Hydromantes, genus_Hydromantes, amphibian_genus,@ family_Plethodontidae,#m (web-toed salamanders) }
{ web-toed_salamander, salamander,@ genus_Hydromantes,#m (any of several salamanders with webbed toes and very long extensile tongues; excellent climbers that move with ease over smooth rock surfaces) }
{ Shasta_salamander, Hydromantes_shastae, web-toed_salamander,@ (primarily a cave dweller in the Mount Shasta area) }
{ limestone_salamander, Hydromantes_brunus, web-toed_salamander,@ (similar to Shasta salamander; lives in cliff crevices and taluses) }

{ Amphiumidae, family_Amphiumidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Urodella,#m (congo snakes) }
{ genus_Amphiuma, amphibian_genus,@ family_Amphiumidae,#m (congo snakes) }
{ amphiuma, congo_snake, congo_eel, blind_eel, salamander,@ genus_Amphiuma,#m (aquatic eel-shaped salamander having two pairs of very small feet; of still muddy waters in the southern United States) }
{ Sirenidae, family_Sirenidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Urodella,#m (sirens) }
{ genus_Siren, amphibian_genus,@ family_Sirenidae,#m (a genus of Sirenidae) }
{ siren, salamander,@ genus_Siren,#m (eellike aquatic North American salamander with small forelimbs and no hind limbs; have permanent external gills) }

{ [ Salientia, adj.pert:salientian,+ ] order_Salientia, Anura, order_Anura, Batrachia, order_Batrachia, animal_order,@ class_Amphibia,#m (frogs, toads, tree toads) }
{ [ frog, verb.contact:frog,+ ] toad, toad_frog, [ anuran, adj.pert:anuran,+ ] [ batrachian, adj.pert:batrachian,+ ] salientian, amphibian,@ (any of various tailless stout-bodied amphibians with long hind limbs for leaping; semiaquatic and terrestrial species) }

{ Ranidae, family_Ranidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Salientia,#m (a family nearly cosmopolitan in distribution: true frogs) }
{ Rana, genus_Rana, amphibian_genus,@ family_Ranidae,#m (type genus of the Ranidae) }
{ true_frog, ranid, frog,@ family_Ranidae,#m (insectivorous usually semiaquatic web-footed amphibian with smooth moist skin and long hind legs) }
{ wood-frog, wood_frog, Rana_sylvatica, true_frog,@ genus_Rana,#m (wide-ranging light-brown frog of moist North American woodlands especially spruce) }
{ leopard_frog, spring_frog1, Rana_pipiens, true_frog,@ genus_Rana,#m (common North American green or brownish frog having white-edged dark oval spots) }
{ bullfrog, Rana_catesbeiana, true_frog,@ genus_Rana,#m (largest North American frog; highly aquatic with a deep-pitched voice) }
{ green_frog, spring_frog2, Rana_clamitans, true_frog,@ genus_Rana,#m (similar to bullfrog; found in or near marshes and ponds; of United States and Canada) }
{ cascades_frog, Rana_cascadae, true_frog,@ genus_Rana,#m (mountain frog found near water; of United States Northwest to California) }
{ goliath_frog, Rana_goliath, true_frog,@ genus_Rana,#m (largest living frog; up to a foot and weighing up to 10 lbs; Africa) }
{ pickerel_frog, Rana_palustris, true_frog,@ genus_Rana,#m (a meadow frog of eastern North America) }
{ tarahumara_frog, Rana_tarahumarae, true_frog,@ genus_Rana,#m (Mexican frog found within a jump or two of water) }
{ grass_frog, Rana_temporaria, true_frog,@ genus_Rana,#m (a common semiterrestrial European frog) }

{ Leptodactylidae, family_Leptodactylidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Salientia,#m (New World frogs; in some classifications essentially coextensive with the family Bufonidae) }
{ leptodactylid_frog, leptodactylid, frog,@ family_Leptodactylidae,#m (toothed frogs: terrestrial or aquatic or arboreal) }
{ Eleutherodactylus, genus_Eleutherodactylus, amphibian_genus,@ family_Leptodactylidae,#m (completely terrestrial robber frogs) }
{ robber_frog1, frog,@ genus_Eleutherodactylus,#m (small terrestrial frog of tropical America) }
{ Hylactophryne, genus_Hylactophryne, amphibian_genus,@ family_Leptodactylidae,#m (barking frogs) }
{ barking_frog, robber_frog2, Hylactophryne_augusti, frog,@ genus_Hylactophryne,#m (of southwest United States and Mexico; call is like a dog's bark) }
{ Leptodactylus, genus_Leptodactylus, amphibian_genus,@ family_Leptodactylidae,#m (type genus of the Leptodactylidae; in some classifications placed in the family Bufonidae) }
{ crapaud, South_American_bullfrog, Leptodactylus_pentadactylus, frog,@ genus_Leptodactylus,#m (large toothed frog of South America and Central America resembling the bullfrog) }

{ Polypedatidae, family_Polypedatidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Salientia,#m (Old World tree frogs) }
{ Polypedates, genus_Polypedates, amphibian_genus,@ family_Polypedatidae,#m (type genus of the Polypedatidae) }
{ tree_frog1, tree-frog1, frog,@ (any of various Old World arboreal frogs distinguished from true frogs by adhesive suckers on the toes) }

{ Ascaphidae, family_Ascaphidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Salientia,#m (family of one species of frog: tailed frog) }
{ Ascaphus, genus_Ascaphus, amphibian_genus,@ family_Ascaphidae,#m (type genus of the Ascaphidae; in some classifications included in the family Leiopelmatidae) }
{ tailed_frog, bell_toad, ribbed_toad, tailed_toad, Ascaphus_trui, frog,@ genus_Ascaphus,#m (western North American frog with a taillike copulatory organ) }

{ Leiopelmatidae, family_Leiopelmatidae, Liopelmidae, family_Liopelmidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Salientia,#m (primitive New Zealand frogs) }
{ Leiopelma, genus_Leiopelma, Liopelma, genus_Liopelma, amphibian_genus,@ family_Leiopelmatidae,#m (type and sole genus of the family Leiopelmatidae) }
{ Liopelma_hamiltoni, frog,@ genus_Liopelma,#m (primitive New Zealand frog with four unwebbed toes on forefeet and five on hind feet) }

{ Bufonidae, family_Bufonidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Salientia,#m (true toads) }
{ true_toad, toad,@ family_Bufonidae,#m (tailless amphibian similar to a frog but more terrestrial and having drier warty skin) }
{ genus_Bufo, amphibian_genus,@ family_Bufonidae,#m (type genus of the Bufonidae; common toads of New and Old Worlds) }
{ bufo, true_toad,@ genus_Bufo,#m (any toad of the genus Bufo) }
{ agua, agua_toad, Bufo_marinus, true_toad,@ (largest known toad species; native to Central America; valuable destroyer of insect pests) }
{ European_toad, Bufo_bufo, true_toad,@ (common toad of Europe) }
{ natterjack, Bufo_calamita, true_toad,@ (common brownish-yellow short-legged toad of western Europe; runs rather than hops) }
{ American_toad, Bufo_americanus, true_toad,@ (common toad of America) }
{ Eurasian_green_toad, Bufo_viridis, true_toad,@ (Eurasian toad with variable chiefly green coloring) }
{ American_green_toad, Bufo_debilis, true_toad,@ (small green or yellow-green toad with small black bars and stripes) }
{ Yosemite_toad, Bufo_canorus, true_toad,@ (of high Sierra Nevada meadows and forest borders) }
{ Texas_toad, Bufo_speciosus, true_toad,@ (nocturnal burrowing toad of mesquite woodland and prairies of the United States southwest) }
{ southwestern_toad, Bufo_microscaphus, true_toad,@ (a uniformly warty stocky toad of washes and streams of semiarid southwestern United States) }
{ western_toad, Bufo_boreas, true_toad,@ (of a great variety of habitats from southern Alaska to Baja California west of the Rockies) }

{ Discoglossidae, family_Discoglossidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Salientia,#m (family of Old World toads having a fixed disklike tongue) }
{ Alytes, genus_Alytes, amphibian_genus,@ family_Discoglossidae,#m (midwife toads) }
{ obstetrical_toad, midwife_toad1, Alytes_obstetricans, toad,@ genus_Alytes,#m (European toad whose male carries the fertilized eggs wrapped around its hind legs until they hatch) }
{ midwife_toad2, Alytes_cisternasi, toad,@ genus_Alytes,#m (similar in habit to Alytes obstetricians) }
{ Bombina, genus_Bombina, amphibian_genus,@ family_Discoglossidae,#m (fire-bellied toads) }
{ fire-bellied_toad, Bombina_bombina, toad,@ genus_Bombina,#m (toad of central and eastern Europe having red or orange patches mixed with black on its underside) }


{ Pelobatidae, family_Pelobatidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Salientia,#m (the amphibian family of spadefoot toads) }
{ Scaphiopus, genus_Scaphiopus, amphibian_genus,@ family_Pelobatidae,#m (New World spadefoot toads) }
{ spadefoot, spadefoot_toad, toad,@ family_Pelobatidae,#m (a burrowing toad of the northern hemisphere with a horny spade-like projection on each hind foot) }
{ western_spadefoot, Scaphiopus_hammondii, spadefoot_toad,@ genus_Scaphiopus,#m (this spadefoot toad live in California) }
{ southern_spadefoot, Scaphiopus_multiplicatus, spadefoot_toad,@ genus_Scaphiopus,#m (this spadefoot toad lives in the southwestern United States) }
{ plains_spadefoot, Scaphiopus_bombifrons, spadefoot_toad,@ genus_Scaphiopus,#m (this spadefoot toad lives in plains and hills and river bottoms in areas of low rainfall east of the Rocky Mountains) }

{ Hylidae, family_Hylidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Salientia,#m (the amphibian family of tree frogs) }
{ tree_toad, tree_frog2, tree-frog2, toad,@ family_Hylidae,#m (arboreal amphibians usually having adhesive disks at the tip of each toe; of southeast Asia and Australia and America) }
{ Hyla, genus_Hyla, amphibian_genus,@ family_Hylidae,#m (the type genus of the Hylidae; tree toads) }
{ spring_peeper, Hyla_crucifer, tree_toad,@ genus_Hyla,#m (a small brown tree toad having a shrill call heard near wetlands of eastern United States and Canada in early spring) }
{ Pacific_tree_toad, Hyla_regilla, tree_toad,@ genus_Hyla,#m (the most commonly heard frog on the Pacific coast of America) }
{ canyon_treefrog, Hyla_arenicolor, tree_toad,@ genus_Hyla,#m (a small chiefly ground dweller that stays within easy jumping distance of water; of United States southwest and northern Mexico) }
{ chameleon_tree_frog, tree_toad,@ (a form of tree toad) }
{ Acris, genus_Acris, amphibian_genus,@ family_Hylidae,#m (cricket frogs) }
{ cricket_frog, tree_toad,@ genus_Acris,#m (either of two frogs with a clicking call) }
{ northern_cricket_frog, Acris_crepitans, cricket_frog,@ (a cricket frog of eastern and central United States) }
{ eastern_cricket_frog, Acris_gryllus, cricket_frog,@ (a cricket frog of eastern United States) }
{ Pseudacris, genus_Pseudacris, amphibian_genus,@ family_Hylidae,#m (chorus frogs) }
{ chorus_frog, tree_toad,@ genus_Pseudacris,#m (any of several small North American frogs having a loud call) }
{ Pternohyla, genus_Pternohyla, amphibian_genus,@ family_Hylidae,#m (burrowing tree frogs) }
{ lowland_burrowing_treefrog, northern_casque-headed_frog, Pternohyla_fodiens, tree_toad,@ genus_Pternohyla,#m (terrestrial burrowing nocturnal frog of grassy terrain and scrub forests having very hard upper surface of head; of the United States southwest) }

{ Microhylidae, family_Microhylidae, Brevicipitidae, family_Brevicipitidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Salientia,#m (narrow-mouthed toads and sheep frogs; some burrow and some are arboreal; found worldwide) }
{ Gastrophryne, genus_Gastrophryne, amphibian_genus,@ family_Microhylidae,#m (primarily tropical narrow-mouthed toads) }
{ western_narrow-mouthed_toad, Gastrophryne_olivacea, toad,@ genus_Gastrophryne,#m (small secretive toad with smooth tough skin of central and western North America) }
{ eastern_narrow-mouthed_toad, Gastrophryne_carolinensis, toad,@ genus_Gastrophryne,#m (small toad of southeastern United States) }
{ Hypopachus, genus_Hypopachus, amphibian_genus,@ family_Microhylidae,#m (sheep frogs) }
{ sheep_frog, toad,@ genus_Hypopachus,#m (mostly of Central America) }

{ Pipidae, family_Pipidae, amphibian_family,@ order_Salientia,#m (tongueless frogs) }
{ tongueless_frog, frog,@ family_Pipidae,#m (almost completely aquatic frog native to Africa and Panama and northern South America) }
{ Pipa, genus_Pipa, amphibian_genus,@ family_Pipidae,#m (type genus of the Pipidae) }
{ Surinam_toad, Pipa_pipa, Pipa_americana, tongueless_frog,@ (a South American toad; incubates its young in pits in the skin of its back) }
{ Xenopodidae, family_Xenopodidae, amphibian_family,@ (in some classifications the family of the genus Xenopus which is otherwise included in the family Pipidae) }
{ Xenopus, genus_Xenopus, amphibian_genus,@ family_Pipidae,#m (an African clawed frog; in some classifications made the type genus of a separate family Xenopodidae) }
{ African_clawed_frog, Xenopus_laevis, tongueless_frog,@ genus_Xenopus,#m (a tongueless frog native to Africa; established in the United States as result of release of laboratory and aquarium animals) }
{ South_American_poison_toad, toad,@ (a South American toad) }

{ Gymnophiona, order_Gymnophiona, animal_order,@ class_Amphibia,#m (an order of amphibians including caecilians) }
{ [ Caeciliidae, adj.pert:caecilian,+ ] family_Caeciliidae, Caeciliadae, family_Caeciliadae, amphibian_family,@ order_Gymnophiona,#m (coextensive with the order Gymnophiona: legless amphibians) }
{ [ caecilian, adj.pert:caecilian,+ ] blindworm2, amphibian,@ family_Caeciliidae,#m (any of the small slender limbless burrowing wormlike amphibians of the order Gymnophiona; inhabit moist soil in tropical regions) }

{ Labyrinthodontia, superorder_Labyrinthodontia, Labyrinthodonta, superorder_Labyrinthodonta, animal_order,@ class_Amphibia,#m (extinct amphibians typically resembling heavy-bodied salamanders or crocodiles and having a solid flattened skull and conical teeth; Devonian through Triassic) }
{ labyrinthodont, amphibian,@ superorder_Labyrinthodontia,#m (an amphibian of the superorder Labyrinthodontia) }
{ Stereospondyli, order_Stereospondyli, animal_order,@ superorder_Labyrinthodontia,#m (formerly a suborder of Stegocephalia; amphibia having vertebrae whose component elements are fused into a single piece; "most vertebrates are stereospondylous") }
{ Stegocephalia, order_Stegocephalia, animal_order,@ class_Amphibia,#m (in former classifications a division of class Amphibia comprising all pre-Jurassic and some later extinct large salamandriform amphibia) }
{ Temnospondyli, order_Temnospondyli, animal_order,@ superorder_Labyrinthodontia,#m (formerly a suborder of Stegocephalia; large Carboniferous and Permian amphibians having vertebrae in which some elements remain separate) }

{ reptile_family, noun.group:family3,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (a family of reptiles) }
{ reptile_genus, noun.group:genus,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (a genus of reptiles) }
{ [ Reptilia, adj.pert:reptilian,+ ] class_Reptilia, noun.group:class2,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (class of cold-blooded air-breathing vertebrates with completely ossified skeleton and a body usually covered with scales or horny plates; once the dominant land animals) }
{ reptile, [ reptilian, adj.pert:reptilian,+ ] vertebrate,@ class_Reptilia,#m (any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises, turtles, snakes, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, and extinct forms) }

{ Anapsida, subclass_Anapsida, noun.group:class2,@ class_Reptilia,#m (oldest known reptiles; turtles and extinct Permian forms) }
{ [ anapsid, diapsid,!] anapsid_reptile, reptile,@ subclass_Anapsida,#m (primitive reptile having no opening in the temporal region of the skull; all extinct except turtles) }
{ [ diapsid, anapsid,!] diapsid_reptile, reptile,@ (reptile having a pair of openings in the skull behind each eye) }
{ Diapsida, subclass_Diapsida, reptile,@ (used in former classifications to include all living reptiles except turtles; superseded by the two subclasses Lepidosauria and Archosauria) }

{ [ Chelonia1, adj.pert:chelonian,+ ] order_Chelonia, Testudinata, order_Testudinata, Testudines, order_Testudines, animal_order,@ subclass_Anapsida,#m (tortoises and turtles) }
{ [ chelonian, adj.pert:chelonian,+ ] chelonian_reptile, anapsid_reptile,@ order_Chelonia,#m (a reptile of the order Chelonia) }
{ turtle, chelonian_reptile,@ (any of various aquatic and land reptiles having a bony shell and flipper-like limbs for swimming) }
{ Cheloniidae, family_Cheloniidae, Chelonidae, family_Chelonidae, reptile_family,@ order_Chelonia,#m (green turtles; hawksbills) }
{ sea_turtle, marine_turtle, turtle,@ (any of various large turtles with limbs modified into flippers; widely distributed in warm seas) }
{ Chelonia2, genus_Chelonia, reptile_genus,@ family_Chelonidae,#m (green turtles) }
{ green_turtle, Chelonia_mydas, sea_turtle,@ genus_Chelonia,#m (large tropical turtle with greenish flesh used for turtle soup) }
{ Caretta, genus_Caretta, reptile_genus,@ family_Chelonidae,#m (loggerhead turtles) }
{ loggerhead, loggerhead_turtle, Caretta_caretta, sea_turtle,@ genus_Caretta,#m (very large carnivorous sea turtle; wide-ranging in warm open seas) }
{ Lepidochelys, genus_Lepidochelys, reptile_genus,@ family_Chelonidae,#m (ridleys) }
{ ridley, sea_turtle,@ genus_Lepidochelys,#m (a marine turtle) }
{ Atlantic_ridley, bastard_ridley, bastard_turtle, Lepidochelys_kempii, ridley,@ (grey sea turtle of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of North America) }
{ Pacific_ridley, olive_ridley, Lepidochelys_olivacea, ridley,@ (olive-colored sea turtle of tropical Pacific and Indian and the southern Atlantic oceans) }
{ Eretmochelys, genus_Eretmochelys, reptile_genus,@ family_Chelonidae,#m (hawksbills) }
{ hawksbill_turtle, hawksbill, hawkbill, tortoiseshell_turtle, Eretmochelys_imbricata, sea_turtle,@ genus_Eretmochelys,#m (pugnacious tropical sea turtle with a hawk-like beak; source of food and the best tortoiseshell) }
{ Dermochelyidae, family_Dermochelyidae, reptile_family,@ order_Chelonia,#m (sea turtles) }
{ Dermochelys, genus_Dermochelys, reptile_genus,@ family_Dermochelyidae,#m (type genus of the Dermochelyidae: leatherback turtles) }
{ leatherback_turtle, leatherback, leathery_turtle, Dermochelys_coriacea, sea_turtle,@ genus_Dermochelys,#m (wide-ranging marine turtle with flexible leathery carapace; largest living turtle) }

{ Chelydridae, family_Chelydridae, reptile_family,@ order_Chelonia,#m (snapping turtles) }
{ snapping_turtle, turtle,@ family_Chelydridae,#m (large aggressive freshwater turtle with powerful jaws) }
{ Chelydra, genus_Chelydra, reptile_genus,@ family_Chelydridae,#m (snapping turtles) }
{ common_snapping_turtle, snapper, Chelydra_serpentina, snapping_turtle,@ genus_Chelydra,#m (large-headed turtle with powerful hooked jaws found in or near water; prone to bite) }
{ Macroclemys, genus_Macroclemys, reptile_genus,@ family_Chelydridae,#m (includes the alligator snapping turtle) }
{ alligator_snapping_turtle, alligator_snapper, Macroclemys_temmincki, snapping_turtle,@ genus_Macroclemys,#m (large species having three ridges on its back; found in southeastern United States) }
{ Kinosternidae, family_Kinosternidae, reptile_family,@ order_Chelonia,#m (mud turtles; musk turtles) }
{ Kinosternon, genus_Kinosternon, reptile_genus,@ family_Kinosternidae,#m (type genus of the Kinosternidae) }
{ mud_turtle, turtle,@ genus_Kinosternon,#m (bottom-dwelling freshwater turtle inhabiting muddy rivers of North America and Central America) }
{ Sternotherus, genus_Sternotherus, reptile_genus,@ family_Kinosternidae,#m (musk turtles) }
{ musk_turtle, stinkpot, mud_turtle,@ genus_Sternotherus,#m (small freshwater turtle having a strong musky odor) }
{ Emydidae, family_Emydidae, reptile_family,@ order_Chelonia,#m (box and water turtles) }
{ terrapin, turtle,@ family_Emydidae,#m (any of various edible North American web-footed turtles living in fresh or brackish water) }
{ Malaclemys, genus_Malaclemys, reptile_genus,@ family_Emydidae,#m (American terrapins) }
{ diamondback_terrapin, Malaclemys_centrata, terrapin,@ genus_Malaclemys,#m (of marshes along Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of United States) }
{ Pseudemys, genus_Pseudemys, reptile_genus,@ family_Emydidae,#m (sliders; red-bellied terrapin) }
{ red-bellied_terrapin, red-bellied_turtle, redbelly, Pseudemys_rubriventris, turtle,@ genus_Pseudemys,#m (freshwater turtle of Chesapeake Bay tributaries having red markings on the lower shell) }
{ slider, yellow-bellied_terrapin, Pseudemys_scripta, turtle,@ genus_Pseudemys,#m (freshwater turtle of United States and South America; frequently raised commercially; some young sold as pets) }
{ cooter, river_cooter, Pseudemys_concinna, turtle,@ genus_Pseudemys,#m (large river turtle of the southern United States and northern Mexico) }
{ Terrapene, genus_Terrapene, reptile_genus,@ family_Emydidae,#m (box turtles) }
{ box_turtle, box_tortoise, turtle,@ genus_Terrapene,#m (chiefly terrestrial turtle of North America; shell can be closed tightly) }
{ Western_box_turtle, Terrapene_ornata, box_turtle,@ (primarily a prairie turtle of western United States and northern Mexico) }
{ Chrysemys, genus_Chrysemys, reptile_genus,@ family_Emydidae,#m (painted turtles) }
{ painted_turtle, painted_terrapin, painted_tortoise, Chrysemys_picta, turtle,@ genus_Chrysemys,#m (freshwater turtles having bright yellow and red markings; common in the eastern United States) }
{ Testudinidae, family_Testudinidae, reptile_family,@ order_Chelonia,#m (land tortoises) }
{ tortoise, turtle,@ family_Testudinidae,#m (usually herbivorous land turtles having clawed elephant-like limbs; worldwide in arid area except Australia and Antarctica) }
{ Testudo, genus_Testudo, reptile_genus,@ family_Testudinidae,#m (type genus of the Testudinidae) }
{ European_tortoise, Testudo_graeca, tortoise,@ genus_Testudo,#m (small land tortoise of southern Europe) }
{ Geochelone, genus_Geochelone, reptile_genus,@ family_Testudinidae,#m (giant tortoises) }
{ giant_tortoise, tortoise,@ genus_Testudo,#m genus_Geochelone,#m (very large tortoises of the Galapagos and Seychelles islands) }
{ Gopherus, genus_Gopherus, reptile_genus,@ family_Testudinidae,#m (gopher tortoises) }
{ gopher_tortoise, gopher_turtle, gopher2, Gopherus_polypemus, tortoise,@ genus_Gopherus,#m (burrowing edible land tortoise of southeastern North America) }
{ Xerobates, genus_Xerobates, reptile_genus,@ family_Testudinidae,#m (possible new genus for desert and Texas tortoises based on recent research) }
{ desert_tortoise, Gopherus_agassizii, tortoise,@ genus_Gopherus,#m (burrowing tortoise of the arid western United States and northern Mexico; may be reclassified as a member of genus Xerobates) }
{ Texas_tortoise, tortoise,@ genus_Gopherus,#m (close relative to the desert tortoise; may be reclassified as a member of genus Xerobates) }
{ Trionychidae, family_Trionychidae, reptile_family,@ order_Chelonia,#m (soft-shelled turtles) }
{ soft-shelled_turtle, pancake_turtle, turtle,@ family_Trionychidae,#m (voracious aquatic turtle with a flat flexible shell covered by a leathery skin; can inflict painful bites) }
{ Trionyx, genus_Trionyx, reptile_genus,@ family_Trionychidae,#m (type genus of the Trionychidae) }
{ spiny_softshell, Trionyx_spiniferus, soft-shelled_turtle,@ genus_Trionyx,#m (river turtle of western United States with a warty shell; prefers quiet water) }
{ smooth_softshell, Trionyx_muticus, soft-shelled_turtle,@ genus_Trionyx,#m (river turtle of Mississippi basin; prefers running water) }

{ Lepidosauria, subclass_Lepidosauria, noun.group:class2,@ class_Reptilia,#m (diapsid reptiles: lizards; snakes; tuataras) }

{ Rhynchocephalia, order_Rhynchocephalia, animal_order,@ subclass_Lepidosauria,#m (tuataras; extinct forms from middle Triassic) }
{ Sphenodon, genus_Sphenodon, reptile_genus,@ order_Rhynchocephalia,#m (coextensive with the order Rhynchocephalia: tuataras) }
{ tuatara, Sphenodon_punctatum, diapsid_reptile,@ genus_Sphenodon,#m (only extant member of the order Rhynchocephalia of large spiny lizard-like diapsid reptiles of coastal islands off New Zealand) }
(==Rhynchosaur? primitive dinosaur)
(==Scaphonyx, rhynchosaur primitive dinosaur)

{ Squamata, order_Squamata, animal_order,@ subclass_Lepidosauria,#m (diapsid reptiles: snakes and lizards) }
{ [ Sauria, adj.pert:saurian,+ ] suborder_Sauria, [ Lacertilia, adj.pert:lacertilian,+ ] suborder_Lacertilia, animal_order,@ order_Squamata,#m (true lizards; including chameleons and geckos) }
{ [ saurian, adj.pert:saurian,+ ] diapsid_reptile,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (any of various reptiles of the suborder Sauria which includes lizards; in former classifications included also the crocodiles and dinosaurs) }
{ lizard, saurian,@ (relatively long-bodied reptile with usually two pairs of legs and a tapering tail) }

{ Gekkonidae, family_Gekkonidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (geckos) }
{ gecko, lizard,@ (any of various small chiefly tropical and usually nocturnal insectivorous terrestrial lizards typically with immovable eyelids; completely harmless) }
{ Ptychozoon, genus_Ptychozoon, reptile_genus,@ family_Gekkonidae,#m (flying geckos) }
{ flying_gecko, fringed_gecko, Ptychozoon_homalocephalum, gecko,@ genus_Ptychozoon,#m (a gecko that has membranous expansions along the sides of its body and limbs and tail that enable it to glide short distances) }
{ Coleonyx, genus_Coleonyx, reptile_genus,@ family_Gekkonidae,#m (banded geckos) }
{ banded_gecko, gecko,@ genus_Coleonyx,#m (any of several geckos with dark bands across the body and differing from typical geckos in having movable eyelids; of United States southwest and Florida Gulf Coast) }

{ Pygopodidae, family_Pygopodidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (Australian and Tasmanian lizards) }
{ Pygopus, genus_Pygopus, reptile_genus,@ family_Pygopodidae,#m (type genus of the Pygopodidae; snake-shaped pleurodont lizard with no forelimbs and only rudimentary hind limbs) }

{ Iguanidae, family_Iguanidae, Iguania, family_Iguania, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (New World lizards) }
{ iguanid, iguanid_lizard, lizard,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (lizards of the New World and Madagascar and some Pacific islands; typically having a long tail and bright throat patch in males) }
{ genus_Iguana, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (type genus of the Iguanidae) }
{ common_iguana, iguana, Iguana_iguana, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Iguana,#m (large herbivorous tropical American arboreal lizards with a spiny crest along the back; used as human food in Central America and South America) }
{ Amblyrhynchus, genus_Amblyrhynchus, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (marine iguanas) }
{ marine_iguana, Amblyrhynchus_cristatus, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Amblyrhynchus,#m (shore-dwelling seaweed-eating lizard of the Galapagos Islands) }
{ Dipsosaurus, genus_Dipsosaurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (desert iguanas) }
{ desert_iguana, Dipsosaurus_dorsalis, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Dipsosaurus,#m (small long-tailed lizard of arid areas of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico) }
{ Sauromalus, genus_Sauromalus, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (chuckwallas) }
{ chuckwalla, Sauromalus_obesus, iguanid_lizard,@ (a herbivorous lizard that lives among rocks in the arid parts of southwestern United States and Mexico) }
{ Callisaurus, genus_Callisaurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (zebra-tailed lizard) }
{ zebra-tailed_lizard, gridiron-tailed_lizard, Callisaurus_draconoides, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Callisaurus,#m (swift lizard with long black-banded tail and long legs; of deserts of United States and Mexico) }
{ Uma, genus_Uma, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (fringe-toed lizard) }
{ fringe-toed_lizard, Uma_notata, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Uma,#m (with long pointed scales around toes; of deserts of United States and Mexico) }
{ Holbrookia, genus_Holbrookia, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (earless lizards) }
{ earless_lizard, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Holbrookia,#m (any of several slender lizards without external ear openings: of plains of western United States and Mexico) }
{ Crotaphytus, genus_Crotaphytus, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (collared lizards) }
{ collared_lizard, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Crotaphytus,#m (any of several robust long-tailed lizards with collars of two dark bands; of central and western United States and northern Mexico) }
{ Gambelia, genus_Gambelia, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (leopard lizards) }
{ leopard_lizard, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Gambelia,#m (any of several large lizards with many dark spots; of western United States and northern Mexico) }
{ Sceloporus, genus_Sceloporus, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (spiny lizards) }
{ spiny_lizard1, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Sceloporus,#m (any of numerous lizards with overlapping ridged pointed scales; of North America and Central America) }
{ fence_lizard, spiny_lizard1,@ (spiny lizard often seen basking on fences in the United States and northern Mexico) }
{ western_fence_lizard, swift2, blue-belly, Sceloporus_occidentalis, fence_lizard,@ (common western lizard; seen on logs or rocks) }
{ eastern_fence_lizard, pine_lizard, Sceloporus_undulatus, fence_lizard,@ (small active lizard of United States and north to British Columbia) }
{ sagebrush_lizard, Sceloporus_graciosus, spiny_lizard1,@ (a ground dweller that prefers open ground and scattered low bushes; of United States west between Rocky and Sierra Nevada Mountains) }
{ Uta, genus_Uta, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (a reptile genus of Iguanidae) }
{ side-blotched_lizard, sand_lizard2, Uta_stansburiana, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Uta,#m (one of the most abundant lizards in the arid western United States) }
{ Urosaurus, genus_Urosaurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (a reptile genus of Iguanidae) }
{ tree_lizard, Urosaurus_ornatus, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Urosaurus,#m (a climbing lizard of western United States and northern Mexico) }
{ Phrynosoma, genus_Phrynosoma, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (horned lizards) }
{ horned_lizard, horned_toad2, horny_frog, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Phrynosoma,#m (insectivorous lizard with hornlike spines on the head and spiny scales on the body; of western North America) }
{ Texas_horned_lizard, Phrynosoma_cornutum, horned_lizard,@ (of arid and semiarid open country) }
{ Basiliscus, genus_Basiliscus, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (a reptile genus of Iguanidae) }
{ basilisk1, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Basiliscus,#m (small crested arboreal lizard able to run on its hind legs; of tropical America) }
{ Anolis, genus_Anolis, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanidae,#m (New World chameleons) }
{ American_chameleon, anole, Anolis_carolinensis, iguanid_lizard,@ genus_Anolis,#m (small arboreal tropical American insectivorous lizards with the ability to change skin color) }

{ Amphisbaenidae, family_Amphisbaenidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (worm lizards) }
{ Amphisbaena, genus_Amphisbaena, Amphisbaenia, genus_Amphisbaenia, reptile_genus,@ (type genus of the Amphisbaenidae) }
{ worm_lizard, lizard,@ genus_Amphisbaena,#m (a lizard of the genus Amphisbaena; harmless wormlike limbless lizard of warm or tropical regions having concealed eyes and ears and a short blunt tail) }

{ Xantusiidae, family_Xantusiidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (night lizards) }
{ night_lizard, lizard,@ family_Xantusiidae,#m (small secretive nocturnal lizard of southwestern North America and Cuba; bear live young) }

{ Scincidae, family_Scincidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (skinks) }
{ Scincus, genus_Scincus, reptile_genus,@ family_Scincidae,#m (type genus of Scincidae) }
{ Scincella, genus_Scincella, reptile_genus,@ family_Scincidae,#m (a reptile genus of Scincidae) }
{ skink, scincid, scincid_lizard, lizard,@ family_Scincidae,#m (alert agile lizard with reduced limbs and an elongated body covered with shiny scales; more dependent on moisture than most lizards; found in tropical regions worldwide) }
{ Eumeces, genus_Eumeces, reptile_genus,@ family_Scincidae,#m (New World skinks) }
{ western_skink, Eumeces_skiltonianus, skink,@ genus_Eumeces,#m (found in western North American grasslands and open woodlands) }
{ mountain_skink, Eumeces_callicephalus, skink,@ genus_Eumeces,#m (frequents oak and pine habitats in rocky mountainous areas of United States southwest and Mexico) }

{ Cordylidae, family_Cordylidae, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (small family of spiny ovoviviparous African lizards) }
{ Cordylus, genus_Cordylus, reptile_genus,@ family_Cordylidae,#m (type genus of the Cordylidae; spiny lizards somewhat resembling tiny crocodiles) }

{ Teiidae, family_Teiidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (whiptails; etc.) }
{ teiid_lizard, teiid, lizard,@ family_Teiidae,#m (tropical New World lizard with a long tail and large rectangular scales on the belly and a long tail) }
{ Cnemidophorus, genus_Cnemidophorus, reptile_genus,@ family_Teiidae,#m (whiptails) }
{ whiptail, whiptail_lizard, teiid_lizard,@ genus_Cnemidophorus,#m (any of numerous very agile and alert New World lizards) }
{ racerunner, race_runner, six-lined_racerunner, Cnemidophorus_sexlineatus, whiptail_lizard,@ (very swift lizard of eastern and central United States) }
{ plateau_striped_whiptail, Cnemidophorus_velox, whiptail,@ (having distinct longitudinal stripes: of Colorado Plateau from Arizona to western Colorado) }
{ Chihuahuan_spotted_whiptail, Cnemidophorus_exsanguis, whiptail,@ (having longitudinal stripes overlaid with light spots; upland lizard of United States southwest and Mexico) }
{ western_whiptail, Cnemidophorus_tigris, whiptail,@ (active lizard having a network of dusky dark markings; of semiarid areas from Oregon and Idaho to Baja California) }
{ checkered_whiptail, Cnemidophorus_tesselatus, whiptail,@ (markings are darker and more marked than in western whiptail; from southeastern Colorado to eastern Chihuahua) }


{ Tupinambis, genus_Tupinambis, reptile_genus,@ family_Teiidae,#m (tejus) }
{ teju, teiid_lizard,@ genus_Tupinambis,#m (large (to 3 feet) blackish yellow-banded South American lizard; raid henhouses; used as food) }
{ caiman_lizard, teiid_lizard,@ (crocodile-like lizard of South America having powerful jaws for crushing snails and mussels) }

{ Agamidae, family_Agamidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (an Old World reptile family of Sauria) }
{ agamid, agamid_lizard, lizard,@ family_Agamidae,#m (a lizard of the family Agamidae) }
{ genus_Agama, reptile_genus,@ family_Agamidae,#m (type genus of the Agamidae) }
{ agama, agamid_lizard,@ genus_Agama,#m (small terrestrial lizard of warm regions of the Old World) }
{ Chlamydosaurus, genus_Chlamydosaurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Agamidae,#m (frilled lizards) }
{ frilled_lizard, Chlamydosaurus_kingi, agamid_lizard,@ genus_Chlamydosaurus,#m (large arboreal insectivorous Australian lizard with a ruff of skin around the neck) }
{ Draco, genus_Draco, reptile_genus,@ family_Agamidae,#m (a reptile genus known as flying dragons or flying lizards) }
{ dragon2, flying_dragon, flying_lizard, agamid_lizard,@ genus_Draco,#m (any of several small tropical Asian lizards capable of gliding by spreading winglike membranes on each side of the body) }
{ genus_Moloch, reptile_genus,@ family_Agamidae,#m (genus of Australian desert lizard) }
{ moloch, agamid_lizard,@ genus_Moloch,#m (any lizard of the genus Moloch) }
{ mountain_devil, spiny_lizard2, Moloch_horridus, moloch,@ genus_Moloch,#m (desert lizard that feeds on ants) }

{ Anguidae, family_Anguidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (alligator lizards) }
{ anguid_lizard, lizard,@ family_Anguidae,#m (any of a small family of lizards widely distributed in warm areas; all are harmless and useful as destroyers of e.g. slugs and insects) }
{ Gerrhonotus, genus_Gerrhonotus, reptile_genus,@ family_Anguidae,#m (alligator lizards) }
{ alligator_lizard, anguid_lizard,@ genus_Gerrhonotus,#m (slim short-limbed lizard having a distinctive fold on each side that permits expansion; of western North America) }
{ Anguis, genus_Anguis, reptile_genus,@ family_Anguidae,#m (type genus of the Anguidae: blindworms) }
{ blindworm1, slowworm, Anguis_fragilis, anguid_lizard,@ genus_Anguis,#m (small burrowing legless European lizard with tiny eyes; popularly believed to be blind) }
{ Ophisaurus, genus_Ophisaurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Anguidae,#m (glass lizards) }
{ glass_lizard, glass_snake, joint_snake, anguid_lizard,@ genus_Ophisaurus,#m (snakelike lizard of Europe and Asia and North America with vestigial hind limbs and the ability to regenerate its long fragile tail) }

{ Xenosauridae, family_Xenosauridae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (monotypic family of Mexican lizards) }
{ Xenosaurus, genus_Xenosaurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Xenosauridae,#m (type and sole genus of Xenosauridae: slender-bodied Mexican lizards having the upper surface covered with tiny granules and tubercles) }

{ Anniellidae, family_Anniellidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (legless lizards) }
{ legless_lizard, lizard,@ family_Anniellidae,#m (degenerate wormlike burrowing lizard of California closely related to alligator lizards) }

{ Lanthanotidae, family_Lanthanotidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (stout-bodied lizards) }
{ Lanthanotus, genus_Lanthanotus, reptile_genus,@ family_Lanthanotidae,#m (one species) }
{ Lanthanotus_borneensis, lizard,@ genus_Lanthanotus,#m (a stout-bodied pleurodont lizard of Borneo) }

{ Helodermatidae, family_Helodermatidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (only known venomous lizards) }
{ venomous_lizard, lizard,@ family_Helodermatidae,#m (any of two or three large heavy-bodied lizards; only known venomous lizards) }
{ Heloderma, genus_Heloderma, reptile_genus,@ family_Helodermatidae,#m (type genus of the Helodermatidae; American venomous lizards) }
{ Gila_monster, Heloderma_suspectum, venomous_lizard,@ genus_Heloderma,#m (large orange and black lizard of southwestern United States; not dangerous unless molested) }
{ beaded_lizard, Mexican_beaded_lizard, Heloderma_horridum, venomous_lizard,@ genus_Heloderma,#m (lizard with black and yellowish beadlike scales; of western Mexico) }

{ Lacertidae, family_Lacertidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (Old World lizards) }
{ lacertid_lizard, lacertid, lizard,@ family_Lacertidae,#m (Old World terrestrial lizard) }
{ Lacerta, genus_Lacerta, reptile_genus,@ family_Lacertidae,#m (type genus of the Lacertidae) }
{ sand_lizard1, Lacerta_agilis, lacertid_lizard,@ genus_Lacerta,#m (a common and widely distributed lizard of Europe and central Asia) }
{ green_lizard, Lacerta_viridis, lacertid_lizard,@ genus_Lacerta,#m (a common Eurasian lizard about a foot long) }

{ Chamaeleontidae, family_Chamaeleontidae, Chamaeleonidae, family_Chamaeleonidae, Rhiptoglossa, family_Rhiptoglossa, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (Old World chameleons; in some classifications they are considered a superfamily of Sauria) }
{ chameleon, chamaeleon, lizard,@ family_Chamaeleontidae,#m (lizard of Africa and Madagascar able to change skin color and having a projectile tongue) }
{ Chamaeleo, genus_Chamaeleo, genus_Chamaeleon, reptile_genus,@ family_Chamaeleontidae,#m (type genus of the Chamaeleontidae) }
{ African_chameleon, Chamaeleo_chamaeleon, chameleon,@ genus_Chamaeleo,#m (a chameleon found in Africa) }
{ horned_chameleon, Chamaeleo_oweni, chameleon,@ genus_Chamaeleo,#m (a kind of chameleon) }

{ Varanidae, family_Varanidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauria,#m (monitor lizards) }
{ Varanus, genus_Varanus, reptile_genus,@ family_Varanidae,#m (type and sole extant genus of the Varanidae) }
{ monitor, monitor_lizard, varan, lizard,@ genus_Varanus,#m (any of various large tropical carnivorous lizards of Africa and Asia and Australia; fabled to warn of crocodiles) }
{ African_monitor, Varanus_niloticus, monitor_lizard,@ (destroys crocodile eggs) }
{ Komodo_dragon, Komodo_lizard, dragon_lizard, giant_lizard, Varanus_komodoensis, monitor_lizard,@ (the largest lizard in the world (10 feet); found on Indonesian islands) }

{ Archosauria, subclass_Archosauria, noun.group:class2,@ class_Reptilia,#m (a large subclass of diapsid reptiles including: crocodiles; alligators; dinosaurs; pterosaurs; plesiosaurs; ichthyosaurs; thecodonts) }
{ [ archosaur, adj.pert:archosaurian,+ ] [ archosaurian, adj.pert:archosaurian,+ ] archosaurian_reptile, diapsid_reptile,@ subclass_Archosauria,#m (extinct reptiles including: dinosaurs; plesiosaurs; pterosaurs; ichthyosaurs; thecodonts) }

{ Saurosuchus, genus_Saurosuchus, reptile_genus,@ subclass_Archosauria,#m (early archosaurian carnivore) }
{ Proterochampsa, genus_Proterochampsa, reptile_genus,@ subclass_Archosauria,#m (early archosaurian carnivore) }

{ Crocodylia, order_Crocodylia, Crocodilia, order_Crocodilia, animal_order,@ subclass_Archosauria,#m (crocodiles; alligators; caimans; gavials) }
{ Loricata, order_Loricata, animal_order,@ (former name for the order Crocodylia) }
{ crocodilian_reptile, crocodilian, diapsid_reptile,@ order_Crocodylia,#m (extant archosaurian reptile) }
{ Crocodylidae, family_Crocodylidae, reptile_family,@ order_Crocodylia,#m (true crocodiles) }
{ Crocodylus, genus_Crocodylus, Crocodilus, genus_Crocodilus, reptile_genus,@ family_Crocodylidae,#m (type genus of the Crocodylidae) }
{ crocodile, crocodilian_reptile,@ genus_Crocodylus,#m (large voracious aquatic reptile having a long snout with massive jaws and sharp teeth and a body covered with bony plates; of sluggish tropical waters) }
{ African_crocodile, Nile_crocodile, Crocodylus_niloticus, crocodile,@ (a dangerous crocodile widely distributed in Africa) }
{ Asian_crocodile, Crocodylus_porosus, crocodile,@ (estuarine crocodile of eastern Asia and Pacific islands) }
{ Morlett's_crocodile, crocodile,@ (a variety of crocodile) }
{ Tomistoma, genus_Tomistoma, reptile_genus,@ family_Crocodylidae,#m (a genus of Malayan crocodiles) }
{ false_gavial, Tomistoma_schlegeli, crocodilian_reptile,@ genus_Tomistoma,#m (crocodile of southeast Asia similar to but smaller than the gavial) }
{ Alligatoridae, family_Alligatoridae, reptile_family,@ order_Crocodylia,#m (alligators; caimans) }
{ genus_Alligator, reptile_genus,@ family_Alligatoridae,#m (type genus of the Alligatoridae) }
{ alligator, gator, crocodilian_reptile,@ genus_Alligator,#m (either of two amphibious reptiles related to crocodiles but with shorter broader snouts) }
{ American_alligator, Alligator_mississipiensis, alligator,@ (large alligator of the southeastern United States) }
{ Chinese_alligator, Alligator_sinensis, alligator,@ (small alligator of the Yangtze valley of China having unwebbed digits) }
{ genus_Caiman, reptile_genus,@ family_Alligatoridae,#m (caimans) }
{ caiman, cayman, crocodilian_reptile,@ genus_Caiman,#m (a semiaquatic reptile of Central and South America that resembles an alligator but has a more heavily armored belly) }
{ spectacled_caiman, Caiman_sclerops, caiman,@ (caiman with bony ridges about the eyes; found from southern Mexico to Argentina) }
{ Gavialidae, family_Gavialidae, reptile_family,@ order_Crocodylia,#m (gavials) }
{ Gavialis, genus_Gavialis, reptile_genus,@ family_Gavialidae,#m (type genus of the Gavialidae) }
{ gavial, Gavialis_gangeticus, crocodilian_reptile,@ genus_Gavialis,#m (large fish-eating Indian crocodilian with a long slender snout) }

{ dinosaur, archosaurian_reptile,@ (any of numerous extinct terrestrial reptiles of the Mesozoic era) }
{ Ornithischia, order_Ornithischia, animal_order,@ subclass_Archosauria,#m (extinct terrestrial reptiles having bird-like pelvises: armored dinosaurs (thyreophorans); boneheaded and horned dinosaurs (marginocephalians); duck-billed dinosaurs (euronithopods)) }
{ ornithischian, ornithischian_dinosaur, dinosaur,@ order_Ornithischia,#m (herbivorous dinosaur with a pelvis like that of a bird) }
{ genus_Pisanosaurus, reptile_genus,@ order_Ornithischia,#m (primitive ornithischian dinosaur found in Argentina; early Triassic) }
{ pisanosaur, pisanosaurus, ornithischian_dinosaur,@ genus_Pisanosaurus,#m (primitive dinosaur found in Argentina) }
{ genus_Staurikosaurus, reptile_genus,@ order_Ornithischia,#m (primitive ornithischian dinosaur found in Brazil) }
{ staurikosaur, staurikosaurus, ornithischian_dinosaur,@ genus_Staurikosaurus,#m (primitive dinosaur found in Brazil) }

{ Thyreophora, suborder_Thyreophora, thyreophoran, animal_order,@ order_Ornithischia,#m (armored dinosaurs: stegosaurs and ankylosaurs) }
{ armored_dinosaur, ornithischian_dinosaur,@ suborder_Thyreophora,#m (dinosaurs having bony armour) }
{ genus_Stegosaurus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Thyreophora,#m (quadrupedal armored herbivore of the Jurassic and Cretaceous) }
{ stegosaur, stegosaurus, Stegosaur_stenops, armored_dinosaur,@ genus_Stegosaurus,#m (herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur with a row of bony plates along its back and a spiked tail probably used as a weapon) }
{ genus_Ankylosaurus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Thyreophora,#m (armored herbivorous dinosaurs of the Cretaceous) }
{ ankylosaur, ankylosaurus, armored_dinosaur,@ genus_Ankylosaurus,#m (having the back covered with thick bony plates; thought to have walked with a sprawling gait resembling a lizard's) }
{ Edmontonia, ankylosaur,@ genus_Ankylosaurus,#m (heavily armored and highly spiked dinosaur with semi-upright posture) }

{ Marginocephalia, suborder_Marginocephalia, marginocephalian, animal_order,@ order_Ornithischia,#m (includes boneheaded (pachycephalosaurs) and horned (ceratopsian) dinosaurs) }
{ suborder_Pachycephalosaurus, animal_order,@ suborder_Marginocephalia,#m (boneheaded dinosaurs; late Cretaceous) }
{ bone-headed_dinosaur, ornithischian_dinosaur,@ suborder_Pachycephalosaurus,#m (bipedal herbivorous dinosaurs with bony crowns) }
{ pachycephalosaur, pachycephalosaurus, bone-headed_dinosaur,@ (bipedal herbivore having 10 inches of bone atop its head; largest boneheaded dinosaur ever found) }
{ Ceratopsia, suborder_Ceratopsia, animal_order,@ suborder_Marginocephalia,#m (horned dinosaurs) }
{ ceratopsian, horned_dinosaur, ornithischian_dinosaur,@ suborder_Ceratopsia,#m (any of several four-footed herbivorous dinosaurs with enormous beaked skulls; of the late Cretaceous in North America and Mongolia) }
{ Ceratopsidae, family_Ceratopsidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Ceratopsia,#m (American ceratopsian dinosaurs) }
{ genus_Protoceratops, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Ceratopsia,#m (small horned dinosaurs) }
{ protoceratops, horned_dinosaur,@ (small horned dinosaur) }
{ genus_Triceratops, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Ceratopsia,#m (genus of herbivorous horned dinosaurs) }
{ triceratops, horned_dinosaur,@ genus_Triceratops,#m (huge ceratopsian dinosaur having three horns and the neck heavily armored with a very solid frill) }
{ genus_Styracosaurus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Ceratopsia,#m (genus of horned dinosaurs) }
{ styracosaur, styracosaurus, horned_dinosaur,@ genus_Styracosaurus,#m (an unusual ceratopsian dinosaur having many large spikes around the edge of its bony frill and a long nose horn; late Cretaceous) }
{ genus_Psittacosaurus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Ceratopsia,#m (most primitive genus of horned dinosaurs; early Cretaceous) }
{ psittacosaur, psittacosaurus, horned_dinosaur,@ genus_Psittacosaurus,#m (primitive dinosaur actually lacking horns and having only the beginning of a frill; long hind limbs and short forelimbs; may have been bipedal) }

{ Euronithopoda, suborder_Euronithopoda, euronithopod, Ornithopoda, suborder_Ornithopoda, animal_order,@ order_Ornithischia,#m (widespread group including duck-billed dinosaurs and their early relatives (hadrosaurs, trachodon and iguanodon)) }
{ ornithopod, ornithopod_dinosaur, ornithischian_dinosaur,@ suborder_Ornithopoda,#m (bipedal herbivorous dinosaur) }
{ Hadrosauridae, family_Hadrosauridae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Euronithopoda,#m (duck-billed dinosaurs; upper Cretaceous) }
{ hadrosaur, hadrosaurus, duck-billed_dinosaur, ornithischian_dinosaur,@ family_Hadrosauridae,#m (any of numerous large bipedal ornithischian dinosaurs having a horny duck-like bill and webbed feet; may have been partly aquatic) }
{ genus_Anatotitan, reptile_genus,@ family_Hadrosauridae,#m (genus of large duck-billed dinosaurs; late Cretaceous) }
{ anatotitan, hadrosaur,@ genus_Anatotitan,#m (one of the largest and most famous duck-billed dinosaurs) }
{ genus_Corythosaurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Hadrosauridae,#m (genus of duck-billed dinosaurs of late Cretaceous) }
{ corythosaur, corythosaurus, hadrosaur,@ genus_Corythosaurus,#m (duck-billed dinosaur with nasal passages that expand into a crest like a hollow helmet) }
{ genus_Edmontosaurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Hadrosauridae,#m (duck-billed dinosaurs of Canada) }
{ edmontosaurus, duck-billed_dinosaur,@ genus_Edmontosaurus,#m (duck-billed dinosaur from Canada found as a fossilized mummy with skin) }
{ genus_Trachodon, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Euronithopoda,#m (a reptile genus of the suborder Euronithopoda) }
{ trachodon, trachodont, duck-billed_dinosaur,@ genus_Trachodon,#m (large duck-billed dinosaur of the Cretaceous period) }
{ Iguanodontidae, family_Iguanodontidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Euronithopoda,#m (iguanodons) }
{ genus_Iguanodon, reptile_genus,@ family_Iguanodontidae,#m (type genus of the Iguanodontidae) }
{ iguanodon, dinosaur,@ genus_Iguanodon,#m (massive herbivorous bipedal dinosaur with a long heavy tail; common in Europe and northern Africa; early Cretaceous period) }

{ Saurischia, order_Saurischia, animal_order,@ subclass_Archosauria,#m (extinct terrestrial reptiles: theropods (carnivorous); sauropods (herbivorous)) }
{ saurischian, saurischian_dinosaur, dinosaur,@ order_Saurischia,#m (herbivorous or carnivorous dinosaur having a three-pronged pelvis like that of a crocodile) }

{ Sauropodomorpha, suborder_Sauropodomorpha, animal_order,@ order_Saurischia,#m (gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having huge bodies with long necks and small heads: Prosauropoda and Sauropoda (apatosaurus, diplodocus and titanosaurs)) }
{ Prosauropoda, suborder_Prosauropoda, animal_order,@ suborder_Sauropodomorpha,#m (the earliest known dinosaurs) }
{ Sauropoda, suborder_Sauropoda, animal_order,@ suborder_Sauropodomorpha,#m (any of the sauropod dinosaurs) }
{ sauropod, sauropod_dinosaur, saurischian_dinosaur,@ suborder_Sauropoda,#m (very large herbivorous dinosaur of the Jurassic and Cretaceous having a small head a long neck and tail and five-toed limbs; largest known land animal) }
{ genus_Apatosaurus, genus_Brontosaurus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Sauropoda,#m (large quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaurs with very long neck and tail; late Jurassic) }
{ apatosaur, apatosaurus, brontosaur, brontosaurus, thunder_lizard, Apatosaurus_excelsus, sauropod,@ genus_Apatosaurus,#m (huge quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur common in North America in the late Jurassic) }
{ genus_Barosaurus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Sauropoda,#m (huge quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur; late Jurassic) }
{ barosaur, barosaurus, sauropod,@ genus_Barosaurus,#m (a dinosaur that could grow to be as tall as a building five stories tall) }
{ genus_Diplodocus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Sauropoda,#m (a reptile genus of the suborder Sauropoda) }
{ diplodocus, dinosaur,@ genus_Diplodocus,#m (a huge quadrupedal herbivore with long neck and tail; of late Jurassic in western North America) }
{ Titanosauridae, family_Titanosauridae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Sauropoda,#m (herbivorous dinosaurs of the Cretaceous) }
{ Titanosaurus, genus_Titanosaurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Titanosauridae,#m (genus of herbivorous dinosaurs flourishing during the Cretaceous in South America) }
{ titanosaur, titanosaurian, dinosaur,@ genus_Titanosaurus,#m (amphibious quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur with a long thin neck and whiplike tail; of the Cretaceous mostly in the southern hemisphere) }
{ genus_Argentinosaurus, titanosaur,@ genus_Titanosaurus,#m (enormous dinosaur of the middle Cretaceous found in Argentina) }
{ argentinosaur, dinosaur,@ genus_Argentinosaurus,#m (huge herbivorous dinosaur of Cretaceous found in Argentina) }
{ Seismosaurus, genus_Seismosaurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Titanosauridae,#m (genus of large herbivorous dinosaurs of Cretaceous found in western North America) }
{ ground-shaker, seismosaur, dinosaur,@ genus_Seismosaurus,#m (huge herbivorous dinosaur of the Cretaceous found in western North America) }

{ Theropoda, suborder_Theropoda, animal_order,@ suborder_Sauropodomorpha,#m (carnivorous saurischian dinosaurs with short forelimbs; Jurassic and Cretaceous) } (or parallel with Sauropodomorpha?)
{ theropod, theropod_dinosaur, bird-footed_dinosaur, saurischian_dinosaur,@ suborder_Theropoda,#m (any of numerous carnivorous dinosaurs of the Triassic to Cretaceous with short forelimbs that walked or ran on strong hind legs) }
{ suborder_Ceratosaura, animal_order,@ suborder_Theropoda,#m (primitive saurischian dinosaurs) }
{ genus_Ceratosaurus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Ceratosaura,#m (primitive saurischian carnivorous dinosaurs) }
{ ceratosaur, ceratosaurus, theropod_dinosaur,@ suborder_Ceratosaura,#m (primitive medium-sized theropod; swift-running bipedal carnivorous dinosaur having grasping hands with sharp claws and a short horn between the nostrils; Jurassic in North America) }
{ genus_Coelophysis, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Ceratosaura,#m (late Triassic carnivorous saurischian dinosaurs) }
{ coelophysis, ceratosaur,@ genus_Ceratosaurus,#m (one of the oldest known dinosaurs; late Triassic; cannibalistic) }
{ Carnosaura, suborder_Carnosaura, animal_order,@ suborder_Theropoda,#m (largest carnivorous land animals ever known) }
{ carnosaur, theropod_dinosaur,@ suborder_Carnosaura,#m (large carnivorous bipedal dinosaur having huge claws) }
{ genus_Tyrannosaurus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Carnosaura,#m (includes a single species) }
{ tyrannosaur, tyrannosaurus, Tyrannosaurus_rex, theropod_dinosaur,@ genus_Tyrannosaurus,#m (large carnivorous bipedal dinosaur having enormous teeth with knifelike serrations; may have been a scavenger rather than an active predator; later Cretaceous period in North America) }
{ genus_Allosaurus, genus_Antrodemus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Carnosaura,#m (carnivorous dinosaur of North America; late Jurassic) }
{ allosaur, allosaurus, theropod_dinosaur,@ genus_Allosaurus,#m (late Jurassic carnivorous dinosaur; similar to but somewhat smaller than tyrannosaurus) }

{ genus_Compsognathus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Theropoda,#m (a reptile genus of Theropoda) }
{ compsognathus, theropod_dinosaur,@ genus_Compsognathus,#m (very small bipedal carnivorous dinosaur of the late Jurassic in Bavaria) }
{ genus_Herrerasaurus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Theropoda,#m (primitive theropod found in Argentina; early Triassic) }
{ herrerasaur, herrerasaurus, theropod_dinosaur,@ genus_Herrerasaurus,#m (a kind of theropod dinosaur found in Argentina) }
{ genus_Eoraptor, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Theropoda,#m (primitive theropod found in Argentina; early Triassic) }
{ eoraptor, theropod_dinosaur,@ genus_Eoraptor,#m (a theropod dinosaur of the genus Eoraptor) }

{ Megalosauridae, family_Megalosauridae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Theropoda,#m (megalosaurs) }
{ genus_Megalosaurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Megalosauridae,#m (type genus of the Megalosauridae) }
{ megalosaur, megalosaurus, theropod_dinosaur,@ genus_Megalosaurus,#m (gigantic carnivorous bipedal dinosaur of the Jurassic or early Cretaceous in Europe) }

{ Ornithomimida, suborder_Ornithomimida, animal_order,@ suborder_Theropoda,#m (lightly built medium-size theropods) }
{ ornithomimid, theropod_dinosaur,@ suborder_Ornithomimida,#m (lightly built medium-sized dinosaur having extremely long limbs and necks with small heads and big brains and large eyes) }
{ genus_Struthiomimus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Ornithomimida,#m (small toothless saurischian dinosaurs; later Cretaceous period in Canada) }
{ struthiomimus, ornithomimid,@ genus_Struthiomimus,#m (small light-boned toothless dinosaur resembling an ostrich in size and proportions) }
{ genus_Deinocheirus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Ornithomimida,#m (a reptile genus of Ornithomimida) }
{ deinocheirus, ornithomimid,@ genus_Deinocheirus,#m (lightly built medium-sized theropod with long limbs and neck) }

{ Maniraptora, suborder_Maniraptora, animal_order,@ suborder_Theropoda,#m (advanced theropods including oviraptorids and dromaeosaurs and possibly even modern birds) }
{ maniraptor, theropod_dinosaur,@ suborder_Maniraptora,#m (advanced carnivorous theropod) }
{ oviraptorid, maniraptor,@ suborder_Maniraptora,#m (advanced carnivorous theropod) }
{ genus_Velociraptor, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Maniraptora,#m (advanced carnivorous theropod) }
{ velociraptor, maniraptor,@ genus_Velociraptor,#m (small active carnivore that probably fed on protoceratops; possibly related more closely to birds than to other dinosaurs) }
{ Dromaeosauridae, family_Dromaeosauridae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Maniraptora,#m (swift-running bipedal dinosaurs) }
{ dromaeosaur, maniraptor,@ family_Dromaeosauridae,#m (a kind of maniraptor) }
{ genus_Deinonychus, reptile_genus,@ family_Dromaeosauridae,#m (advanced bipedal carnivorous dinosaur) }
{ deinonychus, maniraptor,@ genus_Deinonychus,#m (swift agile wolf-sized bipedal dinosaur having a large curved claw on each hind foot; of the Cretaceous) }
{ genus_Utahraptor, reptile_genus,@ family_Dromaeosauridae,#m (advanced bipedal carnivorous dinosaur) }
{ utahraptor, superslasher, maniraptor,@ genus_Utahraptor,#m (large (20-ft) and swift carnivorous dinosaur having an upright slashing claw 15 inches long on each hind foot; early Cretaceous) }
{ genus_Mononychus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Maniraptora,#m (authorities disagree over whether to classify the genus as bird or dinosaur) }
{ Mononychus_olecranus, maniraptor,@ genus_Mononychus,#m (a turkey-sized long-legged fossil 75 million years old found in the Gobi Desert having bird-like fused wrist bones and keeled breastbone and a long tail resembling a dinosaur's; short forelimbs end in a single claw instead of wings; classification as bird or dinosaur is in dispute) }

{ Synapsida, subclass_Synapsida, noun.group:class2,@ class_Reptilia,#m (extinct reptiles of the Permian to Jurassic considered ancestral to mammals) }
{ synapsid, synapsid_reptile, reptile,@ (extinct reptile having a single pair of lateral temporal openings in the skull) }
{ Therapsida, order_Therapsida, animal_order,@ subclass_Synapsida,#m (extinct mammal-like reptiles found inhabiting all continents from the mid Permian to late Triassic) }
{ therapsid, protomammal, synapsid_reptile,@ order_Therapsida,#m (probably warm-blooded; considered direct ancestor of mammals) }
{ Chronoperates, genus_Chronoperates, reptile_genus,@ order_Therapsida,#m (a reptile genus of Therapsida) }
{ Chronoperates_paradoxus, therapsid,@ genus_Chronoperates,#m (shrew-sized protomammal from the Alberta region of Canada; from about 55 million years ago (much more recent than other mammal-like reptiles)) }
{ Cynodontia, division_Cynodontia, noun.group:division5,@ order_Therapsida,#m (a division of the order Therapsida from the Triassic period comprising small carnivorous tetrapod reptiles often with mammal-like teeth) }
{ cynodont, therapsid,@ division_Cynodontia,#m (small carnivorous reptiles) }
{ Exaeretodon, genus_Exaeretodon, reptile_genus,@ division_Cynodontia,#m (a genus of reptiles of the division Cynodontia) }
{ Dicynodontia, division_Dicynodontia, noun.group:division5,@ order_Therapsida,#m (a division of Therapsida) }
{ dicynodont, therapsid,@ division_Dicynodontia,#m (a kind of therapsid) }
{ Ischigualastia, genus_Ischigualastia, reptile_genus,@ division_Dicynodontia,#m (early reptile found in Argentina) }

{ Ictodosauria, order_Ictodosauria, animal_order,@ subclass_Synapsida,#m (extinct reptiles of the later Triassic period) }
{ ictodosaur, synapsid_reptile,@ order_Ictodosauria,#m (intermediate in form between the therapsids and most primitive true mammals) }
{ Pelycosauria, order_Pelycosauria, animal_order,@ subclass_Synapsida,#m (edaphosaurus; dimetrodon) }
{ pelycosaur, synapsid_reptile,@ order_Pelycosauria,#m (large primitive reptile having a tall spinal sail; of the Permian or late Paleozoic in Europe and North America) }
{ Edaphosauridae, family_Edaphosauridae, reptile_family,@ order_Pelycosauria,#m (a family of reptiles of the order Pelycosauria) }
{ genus_Edaphosaurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Edaphosauridae,#m (type genus of the Edaphosauridae) }
{ edaphosaurus, synapsid_reptile,@ genus_Edaphosaurus,#m (heavy-bodied reptile with a dorsal sail or crest; of the late Paleozoic) }
{ genus_Dimetrodon, reptile_genus,@ order_Pelycosauria,#m (a reptile genus of Pelycosauria) }
{ dimetrodon, synapsid_reptile,@ genus_Dimetrodon,#m (carnivorous dinosaur of the Permian in North America having a crest or dorsal sail) }

{ Pterosauria, order_Pterosauria, animal_order,@ subclass_Archosauria,#m (extinct flying reptiles: pterosaurs) }
{ pterosaur, flying_reptile, archosaurian_reptile,@ order_Pterosauria,#m (an extinct reptile of the Jurassic and Cretaceous having a bird-like beak and membranous wings supported by the very long fourth digit of each forelimb) }
{ Pterodactylidae, family_Pterodactylidae, reptile_family,@ order_Pterosauria,#m (a reptile family in the order Pterosauria) }
{ Pterodactylus, genus_Pterodactylus, reptile_genus,@ family_Pterodactylidae,#m (a reptile genus of Pterodactylidae) }
{ pterodactyl, pterosaur,@ genus_Pterodactylus,#m (extinct flying reptile) }

{ Thecodontia, order_Thecodontia, animal_order,@ subclass_Archosauria,#m (extinct terrestrial reptiles having teeth set in sockets; of the late Permian to Triassic) }
{ thecodont, thecodont_reptile, archosaurian_reptile,@ order_Thecodontia,#m (presumably in the common ancestral line to dinosaurs and crocodiles and birds) }

{ Ichthyosauria, order_Ichthyosauria, animal_order,@ subclass_Archosauria,#m (extinct marine reptiles: ichthyosaurs) }
{ ichthyosaur, archosaurian_reptile,@ order_Ichthyosauria,#m (any of several marine reptiles of the Mesozoic having a body like a porpoise with dorsal and tail fins and paddle-shaped limbs) }
{ Ichthyosauridae, family_Ichthyosauridae, reptile_family,@ order_Ichthyosauria,#m (later ichthyosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous; widely distributed in both hemispheres) }
{ genus_Ichthyosaurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Ichthyosauridae,#m (type genus of the Ichthyosauridae) }
{ ichthyosaurus, ichthyosaur,@ genus_Ichthyosaurus,#m (ichthyosaurs of the Jurassic) }
{ genus_Stenopterygius, reptile_genus,@ family_Ichthyosauridae,#m (a reptile genus of Ichthyosauridae) }
{ stenopterygius, Stenopterygius_quadrisicissus, ichthyosaur,@ genus_Stenopterygius,#m (an ichthyosaur of the genus Stenopterygius) }

{ Sauropterygia, order_Sauropterygia, animal_order,@ subclass_Archosauria,#m (extinct marine reptiles: plesiosaurs; nothosaurs) }
{ Plesiosauria, suborder_Plesiosauria, animal_order,@ order_Sauropterygia,#m (any of the plesiosaurs) }
{ genus_Plesiosaurus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Plesiosauria,#m (a reptile genus of suborder Plesiosauria) }
{ plesiosaur, plesiosaurus, archosaurian_reptile,@ genus_Plesiosaurus,#m (extinct marine reptile with a small head on a long neck a short tail and four paddle-shaped limbs; of the Jurassic and Cretaceous) }
{ Nothosauria, suborder_Nothosauria, animal_order,@ order_Sauropterygia,#m (a suborder of Sauropterygia) }
{ genus_Nothosaurus, reptile_genus,@ suborder_Nothosauria,#m (a genus of Nothosauria) }
{ nothosaur, archosaurian_reptile,@ genus_Nothosaurus,#m (extinct marine reptile with longer more slender limbs than plesiosaurs and less completely modified for swimming) }

{ Serpentes, suborder_Serpentes, Ophidia, suborder_Ophidia, animal_order,@ order_Squamata,#m (snakes) }
{ [ snake, adj.all:curved^snaky,+ ] serpent, ophidian, diapsid_reptile,@ suborder_Serpentes,#m (limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous) }
{ Colubridae, family_Colubridae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Serpentes,#m (nonvenomous snakes; about two-thirds of all living species) }
{ colubrid_snake, colubrid, snake,@ family_Colubridae,#m (mostly harmless temperate-to-tropical terrestrial or arboreal or aquatic snakes) }
{ hoop_snake, colubrid_snake,@ (any of various harmless North American snakes that were formerly believed to take tail in mouth and roll along like a hoop) }
{ Carphophis, genus_Carphophis, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (thunder snake) }
{ thunder_snake, worm_snake2, Carphophis_amoenus, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Carphophis,#m (small reddish wormlike snake of eastern United States) }
{ Diadophis, genus_Diadophis, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (a genus of reptiles of the family Colubridae including ringneck snakes) }
{ ringneck_snake, ring-necked_snake, ring_snake2, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Diadophis,#m (any of numerous small nonvenomous North American snakes with a yellow or orange ring around the neck) }
{ Heterodon, genus_Heterodon, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (a genus of small colubrid snakes containing the North American hognose snakes) }
{ hognose_snake, puff_adder2, sand_viper2, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Heterodon,#m (harmless North American snake with upturned nose; may spread its head and neck or play dead when disturbed) }
{ Phyllorhynchus, genus_Phyllorhynchus, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (leaf-nosed snakes) }
{ leaf-nosed_snake, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Phyllorhynchus,#m (any of various pale blotched snakes with a blunt snout of southwestern North America) }
{ Opheodrys, genus_Opheodrys, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (North American green snakes) }
{ green_snake1, grass_snake3, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Opheodrys,#m (either of two North American chiefly insectivorous snakes that are green in color) }
{ smooth_green_snake, Opheodrys_vernalis, green_snake1,@ (of western and central United States) }
{ rough_green_snake, Opheodrys_aestivus, green_snake1,@ (of southern and eastern United States) }
{ Chlorophis, genus_Chlorophis, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (African green snakes) }
{ green_snake2, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Chlorophis,#m (any of numerous African colubrid snakes) }
{ Coluber, genus_Coluber, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (racers) }
{ racer1, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Coluber,#m (slender fast-moving North American snakes) }
{ blacksnake1, black_racer, Coluber_constrictor, racer1,@ (blackish racer of the eastern United States that grows to six feet) }
{ blue_racer, Coluber_constrictor_flaviventris, blacksnake1,@ (bluish-green blacksnake found from Ohio to Texas) }
{ horseshoe_whipsnake, Coluber_hippocrepis, racer1,@ genus_Coluber,#m (slender fast-moving Eurasian snake) }
{ Masticophis, genus_Masticophis, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (whip snakes) }
{ whip-snake, whip_snake, whipsnake, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Masticophis,#m (any of several small fast-moving snakes with long whiplike tails) }
{ coachwhip, coachwhip_snake, Masticophis_flagellum, whip-snake,@ (a whipsnake of southern United States and Mexico; tail resembles a braided whip) }
{ California_whipsnake, striped_racer, Masticophis_lateralis, whip-snake,@ (a whipsnake of scrublands and rocky hillsides) }
{ Sonoran_whipsnake, Masticophis_bilineatus, whip-snake,@ (both terrestrial and arboreal snake of United States southwest) }
{ rat_snake, colubrid_snake,@ (any of various nonvenomous rodent-eating snakes of North America and Asia) }
{ Elaphe, genus_Elaphe, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (North American rat snakes) }
{ corn_snake, red_rat_snake, Elaphe_guttata, rat_snake,@ genus_Elaphe,#m (large harmless snake of southeastern United States; often on farms) }
{ black_rat_snake, blacksnake2, pilot_blacksnake, mountain_blacksnake, Elaphe_obsoleta, rat_snake,@ genus_Elaphe,#m (large harmless shiny black North American snake) }
{ chicken_snake, rat_snake,@ genus_Elaphe,#m (large North American snake) }
{ Ptyas, genus_Ptyas, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (Asian rat snakes) }
{ Indian_rat_snake, Ptyas_mucosus, rat_snake,@ genus_Ptyas,#m (enter buildings in pursuit of prey) }
{ Arizona, genus_Arizona, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (glossy snake) }
{ glossy_snake, Arizona_elegans, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Arizona,#m (nocturnal burrowing snake of western United States with shiny tan scales) }
{ Pituophis, genus_Pituophis, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (bull snakes) }
{ bull_snake, bull-snake, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Pituophis,#m (any of several large harmless rodent-eating North American burrowing snakes) }
{ gopher_snake2, Pituophis_melanoleucus, bull_snake,@ (bull snake of western North America that invades rodent burrows) }
{ pine_snake, bull_snake,@ (any of several bull snakes of eastern and southeastern United States found chiefly in pine woods; now threatened) }
{ Lampropeltis, genus_Lampropeltis, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (king snakes and milk snakes) }
{ king_snake, kingsnake, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Lampropeltis,#m (any of numerous nonvenomous North American constrictors; feed on other snakes and small mammals) }
{ common_kingsnake, Lampropeltis_getulus, king_snake,@ (widespread in United States except northern regions; black or brown with yellow bands) }
{ milk_snake, house_snake, milk_adder, checkered_adder, Lampropeltis_triangulum, king_snake,@ (nonvenomous tan and brown king snake with an arrow-shaped occipital spot; southeastern ones have red stripes like coral snakes) }
{ Thamnophis, genus_Thamnophis, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (garter snakes) }
{ garter_snake, grass_snake2, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Thamnophis,#m (any of numerous nonvenomous longitudinally-striped viviparous North American and Central American snakes) }
{ common_garter_snake, Thamnophis_sirtalis, garter_snake,@ (a garter snake that is widespread in North America) }
{ ribbon_snake, Thamnophis_sauritus, garter_snake,@ (slender yellow-striped North American garter snake; prefers wet places) }
{ Western_ribbon_snake, Thamnophis_proximus, garter_snake,@ (yellow- or reddish-striped snake of temperate woodlands and grasslands to tropics) }
{ Tropidoclonion, genus_Tropidoclonion, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (lined snakes) }
{ lined_snake, Tropidoclonion_lineatum, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Tropidoclonion,#m (secretive snake of city dumps and parks as well as prairies and open woods; feeds on earthworms; of central United States) }
{ Sonora, genus_Sonora, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (ground snakes) }
{ ground_snake, Sonora_semiannulata, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Sonora,#m (small shy brightly-ringed terrestrial snake of arid or semiarid areas of western North America) }
{ Potamophis, genus_Potamophis, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (ground snakes) }
{ Haldea, genus_Haldea, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (ground snakes) }
{ eastern_ground_snake, Potamophis_striatula, Haldea_striatula, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Potamophis,#m (in some classifications placed in genus Haldea; small reddish-grey snake of eastern North America) }
{ water_snake, colubrid_snake,@ (any of various mostly harmless snakes that live in or near water) }
{ Natrix, genus_Natrix, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (water snakes; a cosmopolitan genus) }
{ Nerodia, genus_Nerodia, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (North American water snakes) }
{ common_water_snake, banded_water_snake, Natrix_sipedon, Nerodia_sipedon, water_snake,@ genus_Natrix,#m (in some classifications placed in the genus Nerodia; western United States snake that seldom ventures far from water) }
{ water_moccasin2, water_snake,@ genus_Natrix,#m (any of numerous North American water snakes inhabiting fresh waters) }
{ grass_snake, ring_snake1, ringed_snake, Natrix_natrix, water_snake,@ (harmless European snake with a bright yellow collar; common in England) }
{ viperine_grass_snake, Natrix_maura, grass_snake,@ (a small harmless grass snake) }
{ Storeria, genus_Storeria, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (a genus of Colubridae) }
{ red-bellied_snake, Storeria_occipitamaculata, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Storeria,#m (harmless woodland snake of southeastern United States) }
{ Chilomeniscus, genus_Chilomeniscus, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (sand snakes) }
{ sand_snake, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Chilomeniscus,#m (small North American burrowing snake) }
{ banded_sand_snake, Chilomeniscus_cinctus, sand_snake,@ (a sand snake of southwestern United States; lives in fine to coarse sand or loamy soil in which it `swims'; banding resembles that of coral snakes) }
{ Tantilla, genus_Tantilla, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (black-headed snakes) }
{ black-headed_snake, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Tantilla,#m (small secretive ground-living snake; found from central United States to Argentina) }
{ Oxybelis, genus_Oxybelis, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (vine snakes) }
{ vine_snake, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Oxybelis,#m (slender arboreal snake found from southern Arizona to Bolivia) }
{ Trimorphodon, genus_Trimorphodon, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (lyre snakes) }
{ lyre_snake, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Trimorphodon,#m (mildly venomous snake with a lyre-shaped mark on the head; found in rocky areas from southwestern United States to Central America) }
{ Sonoran_lyre_snake, Trimorphodon_lambda, lyre_snake,@ (of desert regions of southwestern North America) }
{ Hypsiglena, genus_Hypsiglena, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (night snakes) }
{ night_snake, Hypsiglena_torquata, colubrid_snake,@ genus_Hypsiglena,#m (nocturnal prowler of western United States and Mexico) }
{ Typhlopidae, family_Typhlopidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Serpentes,#m (blind snakes) }
{ Leptotyphlopidae, family_Leptotyphlopidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Serpentes,#m (blind snakes) }
{ blind_snake, worm_snake1, snake,@ family_Leptotyphlopidae,#m (wormlike burrowing snake of warm regions having vestigial eyes) }
{ Leptotyphlops, genus_Leptotyphlops, reptile_genus,@ family_Leptotyphlopidae,#m (blind snakes of Asia and Africa and Americas) }
{ western_blind_snake, Leptotyphlops_humilis, blind_snake,@ genus_Leptotyphlops,#m (burrows among roots of shrubs and beneath rocks in desert and rocky hillside areas and beach sand of western United States) }
{ Drymarchon, genus_Drymarchon, reptile_genus,@ family_Colubridae,#m (a genus of Colubridae) }
{ indigo_snake, gopher_snake1, Drymarchon_corais, colubrid_snake,@ (large dark-blue nonvenomous snake that invades burrows; found in southern North America and Mexico) }
{ eastern_indigo_snake, Drymarchon_corais_couperi, indigo_snake,@ (a variety of indigo snake) }

{ [ constrictor, verb.contact:constrict,+ ] snake,@ (any of various large nonvenomous snakes that kill their prey by crushing it in its coils) }
{ Boidae, family_Boidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Serpentes,#m (boas and pythons) }
{ boa, constrictor,@ family_Boidae,#m (any of several chiefly tropical constrictors with vestigial hind limbs) }
{ boa_constrictor, Constrictor_constrictor, boa,@ (very large boa of tropical America and West Indies) }
{ Charina, genus_Charina, reptile_genus,@ family_Boidae,#m (boas of western North America) }
{ rubber_boa, tow-headed_snake, Charina_bottae, boa,@ genus_Charina,#m (boa of grasslands and woodlands of western North America; looks and feels like rubber with tail and head of similar shape) }
{ Lichanura, genus_Lichanura, reptile_genus,@ family_Boidae,#m (boas of western North America) }
{ rosy_boa, Lichanura_trivirgata, boa,@ genus_Lichanura,#m (boa of rocky desert of southwestern United States) }
{ Eunectes, genus_Eunectes, reptile_genus,@ family_Boidae,#m (anacondas) }
{ anaconda, Eunectes_murinus, boa,@ genus_Eunectes,#m (large arboreal boa of tropical South America) }
{ Pythoninae, subfamily_Pythoninae, reptile_family,@ family_Boidae,#m (Old World boas: pythons; in some classifications considered a separate family from Boidae) }
{ Pythonidae, family_Pythonidae, reptile_family,@ (in some classifications a family separate from Boidae comprising Old World boas) }
{ python, boa,@ subfamily_Pythoninae,#m (large Old World boas) }
{ genus_Python, reptile_genus,@ subfamily_Pythoninae,#m (Old World boas) }
{ carpet_snake, Python_variegatus, Morelia_spilotes_variegatus, python,@ (Australian python with a variegated pattern on its back) }
{ reticulated_python, Python_reticulatus, python,@ genus_Python,#m (of southeast Asia and East Indies; the largest snake in the world) }
{ Indian_python, Python_molurus, python,@ genus_Python,#m (very large python of southeast Asia) }
{ rock_python, rock_snake, Python_sebae, python,@ genus_Python,#m (very large python of tropical and southern Africa) }
{ amethystine_python, python,@ (a python having the color of amethyst) }

{ Elapidae, family_Elapidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Serpentes,#m (cobras; kraits; mambas; coral snakes; Australian taipan and tiger snakes) }
{ elapid, elapid_snake, snake,@ family_Elapidae,#m (any of numerous venomous fanged snakes of warmer parts of both hemispheres) }
{ coral_snake1, harlequin-snake, New_World_coral_snake, elapid_snake,@ (any of several venomous New World snakes brilliantly banded in red and black and either yellow or white; widely distributed in South America and Central America) }
{ Micrurus, genus_Micrurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (coral snakes) }
{ eastern_coral_snake, Micrurus_fulvius, coral_snake1,@ genus_Micrurus,#m (ranges from Central America to southeastern United States) }
{ Micruroides, genus_Micruroides, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (coral snakes) }
{ western_coral_snake, Micruroides_euryxanthus, coral_snake1,@ genus_Micruroides,#m (ranges from Central America to southwestern United States) }
{ coral_snake2, Old_World_coral_snake, elapid_snake,@ (any of various venomous elapid snakes of Asia and Africa and Australia) }
{ Calliophis, genus_Calliophis, Callophis, genus_Callophis, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (Asian coral snakes) }
{ Asian_coral_snake, coral_snake2,@ genus_Calliophis,#m (of India) }
{ Aspidelaps, genus_Aspidelaps, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (African coral snakes) }
{ African_coral_snake, Aspidelaps_lubricus, coral_snake2,@ genus_Aspidelaps,#m (small widely distributed arboreal snake of southern Africa banded in black and orange) }
{ Rhynchoelaps, genus_Rhynchoelaps, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (Australian coral snakes) }
{ Australian_coral_snake, Rhynchoelaps_australis, coral_snake2,@ genus_Rhynchoelaps,#m (small venomous but harmless snake marked with black-and-white on red) }

{ Denisonia, genus_Denisonia, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (copperheads) }
{ copperhead2, Denisonia_superba, elapid_snake,@ genus_Denisonia,#m (venomous but sluggish reddish-brown snake of Australia) }

{ Naja, genus_Naja, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (cobras) }
{ cobra, elapid_snake,@ (venomous Asiatic and African elapid snakes that can expand the skin of the neck into a hood) }
{ hood, noun.body:external_body_part,@ noun.cognition:zoology,;c ((zoology) an expandable part or marking that resembles a hood on the head or neck of an animal) }
{ Indian_cobra, Naja_naja, cobra,@ genus_Naja,#m (a cobra of tropical Africa and Asia) }
{ asp2, Egyptian_cobra, Naja_haje, cobra,@ genus_Naja,#m (cobra used by the Pharaohs as a symbol of their power over life and death) }
{ Ophiophagus, genus_Ophiophagus, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (king cobra) }
{ black-necked_cobra, spitting_cobra, Naja_nigricollis, cobra,@ genus_Naja,#m (aggressive cobra widely distributed in Africa; rarely bites but spits venom that may cause blindness) }
{ hamadryad, king_cobra, Ophiophagus_hannah, Naja_hannah, cobra,@ genus_Ophiophagus,#m (large cobra of southeastern Asia and the East Indies; the largest venomous snake; sometimes placed in genus Naja) }
{ Hemachatus, genus_Hemachatus, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (ringhals) }
{ ringhals, rinkhals, spitting_snake, Hemachatus_haemachatus, elapid_snake,@ (highly venomous snake of southern Africa able to spit venom up to seven feet) }
{ Dendroaspis, genus_Dendroaspis, Dendraspis, genus_Dendraspis, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (mambas) }
{ mamba, elapid_snake,@ genus_Dendroaspis,#m (arboreal snake of central and southern Africa whose bite is often fatal) }
{ black_mamba, Dendroaspis_augusticeps, mamba,@ (a highly venomous southern African mamba dreaded because of its quickness and readiness to bite) }
{ green_mamba, black_mamba,@ (green phase of the black mamba) }
{ Acanthophis, genus_Acanthophis, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (Australian elapid snakes) }
{ death_adder, Acanthophis_antarcticus, elapid_snake,@ genus_Acanthophis,#m (venomous Australian snake resembling an adder) }
{ Notechis, genus_Notechis, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (tiger snakes) }
{ tiger_snake, Notechis_scutatus, elapid_snake,@ genus_Notechis,#m (highly venomous brown-and-yellow snake of Australia and Tasmania) }
{ Pseudechis, genus_Pseudechis, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (venomous Australian blacksnakes) }
{ Australian_blacksnake, Pseudechis_porphyriacus, elapid_snake,@ genus_Pseudechis,#m (large semiaquatic snake of Australia; black above with red belly) }
{ Bungarus, genus_Bungarus, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (kraits) }
{ krait, elapid_snake,@ genus_Bungarus,#m (brightly colored venomous but nonaggressive snake of southeastern Asia and Malay peninsula) }
{ banded_krait, banded_adder, Bungarus_fasciatus, krait,@ (sluggish krait banded with black and yellow) }
{ Oxyuranus, genus_Oxyuranus, reptile_genus,@ family_Elapidae,#m (taipans) }
{ taipan, Oxyuranus_scutellatus, elapid_snake,@ genus_Oxyuranus,#m (large highly venomous snake of northeastern Australia) }

{ Hydrophidae, family_Hydrophidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Serpentes,#m (sea snakes) }
{ sea_snake, snake,@ family_Hydrophidae,#m (any of numerous venomous aquatic viviparous snakes having a fin-like tail; of warm littoral seas; feed on fish which they immobilize with quick-acting venom) }

{ Viperidae, family_Viperidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Serpentes,#m (Old World vipers) }
{ viper, snake,@ family_Viperidae,#m (venomous Old World snakes characterized by hollow venom-conducting fangs in the upper jaw) }
{ Vipera, genus_Vipera, reptile_genus,@ family_Viperidae,#m (type genus of the Viperidae) }
{ adder, common_viper, Vipera_berus, viper,@ genus_Vipera,#m (small terrestrial viper common in northern Eurasia) }
{ asp1, asp_viper, Vipera_aspis, viper,@ genus_Vipera,#m (of southern Europe; similar to but smaller than the adder) }
{ Bitis, genus_Bitis, reptile_genus,@ family_Viperidae,#m (a genus of Viperidae) }
{ puff_adder1, Bitis_arietans, viper,@ genus_Bitis,#m (large African viper that inflates its body when alarmed) }
{ gaboon_viper, Bitis_gabonica, viper,@ genus_Bitis,#m (large heavy-bodied brilliantly marked and extremely venomous west African viper) }
{ genus_Cerastes, Aspis, genus_Aspis, reptile_genus,@ family_Viperidae,#m (horned vipers) }
{ horned_viper, cerastes, sand_viper1, horned_asp, Cerastes_cornutus, viper,@ genus_Cerastes,#m (highly venomous viper of northern Africa and southwestern Asia having a horny spine above each eye) }

{ Crotalidae, family_Crotalidae, reptile_family,@ suborder_Serpentes,#m (New World vipers: pit vipers) }

{ pit_viper, viper,@ family_Crotalidae,#m (New World vipers with hollow fangs and a heat-sensitive pit on each side of the head) }
{ Agkistrodon, genus_Agkistrodon, Ancistrodon, genus_Ancistrodon, reptile_genus,@ family_Crotalidae,#m (copperheads) }
{ copperhead1, Agkistrodon_contortrix, pit_viper,@ genus_Agkistrodon,#m (common coppery brown pit viper of upland eastern United States) }
{ water_moccasin1, cottonmouth, cottonmouth_moccasin, Agkistrodon_piscivorus, pit_viper,@ genus_Agkistrodon,#m (venomous semiaquatic snake of swamps in southern United States) }
{ rattle, tail,@ rattlesnake,#p (loosely connected horny sections at the end of a rattlesnake's tail) }
{ rattlesnake, [ rattler, verb.motion:rattle,+ ] pit_viper,@ family_Crotalidae,#m (pit viper with horny segments at the end of the tail that rattle when shaken) }
{ Crotalus, genus_Crotalus, reptile_genus,@ family_Crotalidae,#m (large rattlesnakes; seldom bite unless startled or pursuing prey) }
{ diamondback, diamondback_rattlesnake, Crotalus_adamanteus, rattlesnake,@ (large deadly rattlesnake with diamond-shaped markings) }
{ timber_rattlesnake, banded_rattlesnake, Crotalus_horridus_horridus, rattlesnake,@ genus_Crotalus,#m (widely distributed in rugged ground of eastern United States) }
{ canebrake_rattlesnake, canebrake_rattler, Crotalus_horridus_atricaudatus, timber_rattlesnake,@ (southern variety) }
{ prairie_rattlesnake, prairie_rattler, Western_rattlesnake, Crotalus_viridis, rattlesnake,@ genus_Crotalus,#m (widely distributed between the Mississippi and the Rockies) }
{ sidewinder, horned_rattlesnake, Crotalus_cerastes, rattlesnake,@ genus_Crotalus,#m (small pale-colored desert rattlesnake of southwestern United States; body moves in an s-shaped curve) }
{ Western_diamondback, Western_diamondback_rattlesnake, Crotalus_atrox, rattlesnake,@ genus_Crotalus,#m (largest and most dangerous North American snake; of southwestern United States and Mexico) }
{ rock_rattlesnake, Crotalus_lepidus, rattlesnake,@ genus_Crotalus,#m (mountain rock dweller of Mexico and most southern parts of United States southwest) }
{ tiger_rattlesnake, Crotalus_tigris, rattlesnake,@ genus_Crotalus,#m (having irregularly cross-banded back; of arid foothills and canyons of southern Arizona and Mexico) }
{ Mojave_rattlesnake, Crotalus_scutulatus, rattlesnake,@ genus_Crotalus,#m (extremely dangerous; most common in areas of scattered scrubby growth; from Mojave Desert to western Texas and into Mexico) }
{ speckled_rattlesnake, Crotalus_mitchellii, rattlesnake,@ genus_Crotalus,#m (markings vary but usually harmonize with background; of southwestern Arizona and Baja California) }

{ Sistrurus, genus_Sistrurus, reptile_genus,@ family_Crotalidae,#m (pygmy rattlesnakes) }
{ massasauga1, massasauga_rattler, Sistrurus_catenatus, rattlesnake,@ genus_Sistrurus,#m (pygmy rattlesnake found in moist areas from the Great Lakes to Mexico; feeds on mice and small amphibians) }
{ ground_rattler, massasauga2, Sistrurus_miliaris, rattlesnake,@ (small pygmy rattlesnake) }
{ Bothrops, genus_Bothrops, reptile_genus,@ family_Crotalidae,#m (fer-de-lance) }
{ fer-de-lance, Bothrops_atrops, pit_viper,@ genus_Bothrops,#m (large extremely venomous pit viper of Central America and South America) }

{ [ beak, verb.contact:beak,+ ] bill, neb1, nib, [ pecker1, verb.contact:peck1,+ verb.consumption:peck,+ ] noun.body:mouth,@ bird,#p (horny projecting mouth of a bird) }
{ [ beak1, verb.contact:beak,+ ] noun.body:mouth,@ (beaklike mouth of animals other than birds (e.g., turtles)) }
{ cere, beak,@ (the fleshy, waxy covering at the base of the upper beak of some birds) }
{ carcase, carcass, noun.body:dead_body,@ (the dead body of an animal especially one slaughtered and dressed for food) }
{ carrion, noun.body:dead_body,@ (the dead and rotting body of an animal; unfit for human food) }
{ roadkill, noun.body:dead_body,@ (the dead body of an animal that has been killed on a road by a vehicle; "vultures usually feed on carrion or roadkill") }

{ arthropod_family, noun.group:family3,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (any of the arthropods) }
{ arthropod_genus, noun.group:genus,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (a genus of arthropods) }
{ [ Arthropoda, adj.pert:arthropodal,+ adj.pert:arthropodous,+ ] phylum_Arthropoda, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (jointed-foot invertebrates: arachnids; crustaceans; insects; millipedes; centipedes) }
{ [ arthropod, adj.pert:arthropodal,+ ] invertebrate,@ phylum_Arthropoda,#m (invertebrate having jointed limbs and a segmented body with an exoskeleton made of chitin) }
{ trilobite, arthropod,@ (an extinct arthropod that was abundant in Paleozoic times; had an exoskeleton divided into three parts) }

{ Chelicerata, superclass_Chelicerata, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Arthropoda,#m (spiders; scorpions; horseshoe crabs) }
{ [ chelicera, adj.pert:chelicerous,+ adj.pert:cheliceral,+ ] noun.body:appendage,@ (either of the first pair of fang-like appendages near the mouth of an arachnid; often modified for grasping and piercing) }
{ mouthpart, noun.body:appendage,@ (any part of the mouth of an insect or other arthropod especially one adapted to a specific way of feeding) }

{ [ Arachnida, adj.pert:arachnidian,+ ] class_Arachnida, noun.group:class2,@ superclass_Chelicerata,#m (a large class of arthropods including spiders and ticks and scorpions and daddy longlegs; have four pairs of walking legs and no wings) }
{ arachnid, [ arachnoid, adj.pert:arachnoid,+ ] arthropod,@ class_Arachnida,#m (air-breathing arthropods characterized by simple eyes and four pairs of legs) }
{ Phalangida, order_Phalangida, Opiliones, order_Opiliones, animal_order,@ class_Arachnida,#m (harvestmen) }
{ Phalangiidae, family_Phalangiidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Phalangida,#m (a family of Phalangida) }
{ Phalangium, genus_Phalangium, arthropod_genus,@ family_Phalangiidae,#m (type genus of the family Phalangiidae) }
{ harvestman, daddy_longlegs2, Phalangium_opilio, arachnid,@ genus_Phalangium,#m (spiderlike arachnid with a small rounded body and very long thin legs) }
{ Scorpionida, order_Scorpionida, animal_order,@ class_Arachnida,#m (true scorpions) }
{ scorpion, arachnid,@ order_Scorpionida,#m (arachnid of warm dry regions having a long segmented tail ending in a venomous stinger) }
{ Chelonethida, order_Chelonethida, Pseudoscorpionida, order_Pseudoscorpionida, Pseudoscorpiones, order_Pseudoscorpiones, animal_order,@ class_Arachnida,#m (false scorpions) }
{ false_scorpion, pseudoscorpion, arachnid,@ order_Chelonethida,#m (small nonvenomous arachnid resembling a tailless scorpion) }
{ Chelifer, genus_Chelifer, arthropod_genus,@ order_Chelonethida,#m (a genus of Chelonethida) }
{ book_scorpion, Chelifer_cancroides, false_scorpion,@ genus_Chelifer,#m (minute arachnid sometimes found in old papers) }
{ Pedipalpi, order_Pedipalpi, Uropygi, order_Uropygi, animal_order,@ class_Arachnida,#m (whip scorpions) }
{ whip-scorpion, whip_scorpion, arachnid,@ order_Pedipalpi,#m (nonvenomous arachnid that resembles a scorpion and that has a long thin tail without a stinger) }
{ Mastigoproctus, genus_Mastigoproctus, arthropod_genus,@ order_Pedipalpi,#m (giant whip scorpions) }
{ vinegarroon, Mastigoproctus_giganteus, whip-scorpion,@ genus_Mastigoproctus,#m (large whip-scorpion of Mexico and southern United States that emits a vinegary odor when alarmed) }

{ Araneae, order_Araneae, [ Araneida, adj.pert:araneidal,+ ] order_Araneida, animal_order,@ class_Arachnida,#m (spiders) }
{ [ spider, adj.pert:spidery,+ ] arachnid,@ order_Araneae,#m (predatory arachnid with eight legs, two poison fangs, two feelers, and usually two silk-spinning organs at the back end of the body; they spin silk to make cocoons for eggs or traps for prey) }
{ orb-weaving_spider, spider,@ (a spider that spins a circular (or near circular) web) }
{ Argiopidae, family_Argiopidae, orb-weaver, arthropod_family,@ order_Araneae,#m (spiders that spin orb webs; cosmopolitan in distribution) }
{ Argiope, genus_Argiope, arthropod_genus,@ family_Argiopidae,#m (the type genus of Argiopidae; small genus of orb-weaving spiders) }
{ black_and_gold_garden_spider, Argiope_aurantia, spider,@ genus_Argiope,#m (a widely distributed North American garden spider) }
{ Aranea, genus_Aranea, Araneus, genus_Araneus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Argiopidae,#m (a genus of orb-weaving spiders including common garden spiders and barn spiders) }
{ barn_spider, Araneus_cavaticus, spider,@ genus_Araneus,#m (an orange and tan spider with darkly banded legs that spins an orb web daily; "the barn spider was made famous in E. B. White's book `Charlotte's Web'") }
{ garden_spider, Aranea_diademata, spider,@ genus_Aranea,#m (a spider common in European gardens) }
{ Theridiidae, family_Theridiidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Araneae,#m (a family of comb-footed spiders) }
{ comb-footed_spider, theridiid, spider,@ family_Theridiidae,#m (spider having a comb-like row of bristles on each hind foot) }
{ Latrodectus, genus_Latrodectus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Theridiidae,#m (venomous spiders) }
{ black_widow, Latrodectus_mactans, spider,@ genus_Latrodectus,#m (venomous New World spider; the female is black with an hourglass-shaped red mark on the underside of the abdomen) }
{ Theraphosidae, family_Theraphosidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Araneae,#m (large tropical spiders; tarantulas) }
{ tarantula1, spider,@ family_Theraphosidae,#m (large hairy tropical spider with fangs that can inflict painful but not highly venomous bites) }
{ Lycosidae, family_Lycosidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Araneae,#m (wolf spiders) }
{ wolf_spider, hunting_spider, spider,@ family_Lycosidae,#m (ground spider that hunts its prey instead of using a web) }
{ Lycosa, genus_Lycosa, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lycosidae,#m (type genus of the family Lycosidae) }
{ European_wolf_spider, tarantula2, Lycosa_tarentula, wolf_spider,@ genus_Lycosa,#m (large southern European spider once thought to be the cause of tarantism (uncontrollable bodily movement)) }
{ Ctenizidae, family_Ctenizidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Araneae,#m (large burrowing spiders) }
{ trap-door_spider, spider,@ family_Ctenizidae,#m (American spider that constructs a silk-lined nest with a hinged lid) }

{ Acarina, order_Acarina, animal_order,@ class_Arachnida,#m (mites and ticks) }
{ acarine, arachnid,@ order_Acarina,#m (mite or tick) }
{ [ tick, verb.perception:tick1,+ ] acarine,@ order_Acarina,#m (any of two families of small parasitic arachnids with barbed proboscis; feed on blood of warm-blooded animals) }
{ Ixodidae, family_Ixodidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Acarina,#m (hard ticks) }
{ hard_tick, ixodid, tick,@ family_Ixodidae,#m (ticks having a hard shield on the back and mouth parts that project from the head) }
{ Ixodes, genus_Ixodes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Ixodidae,#m (type genus of the family Ixodidae) }
{ Ixodes_dammini, deer_tick, hard_tick,@ genus_Ixodes,#m (a northeastern tick now recognized as same species as Ixodes scapularis) }
{ Ixodes_neotomae, hard_tick,@ genus_Ixodes,#m (a tick that usually does not bite humans; transmits Lyme disease spirochete to dusky-footed wood rats) }
{ Ixodes_pacificus, western_black-legged_tick, hard_tick,@ genus_Ixodes,#m (a tick that feeds on dusky-footed wood rat and bites humans; principal vector for Lyme disease in western United States especially northern California) }
{ Ixodes_scapularis, black-legged_tick, hard_tick,@ genus_Ixodes,#m (parasitic on mice of genus Peromyscus and bites humans; principal vector for Lyme disease in eastern United States (especially New England); northern form was for a time known as Ixodes dammini (deer tick)) }
{ sheep-tick2, sheep_tick2, Ixodes_ricinus, hard_tick,@ genus_Ixodes,#m (parasitic on sheep and cattle as well as humans; can transmit looping ill in sheep (acute viral disease of the nervous system); a vector for Lyme disease spirochete) }
{ Ixodes_persulcatus, hard_tick,@ genus_Ixodes,#m (bites humans; a vector for Lyme disease spirochete) }
{ Ixodes_dentatus, hard_tick,@ genus_Ixodes,#m (usually does not bite humans; transmits Lyme disease spirochete to cottontail rabbits and wood rats) }
{ Ixodes_spinipalpis, hard_tick,@ genus_Ixodes,#m (usually does not bite humans; transmits Lyme disease spirochete to cottontail rabbits and wood rats) }
{ Dermacentor, genus_Dermacentor, arthropod_genus,@ family_Ixodidae,#m (vectors of important diseases of man and animals) }
{ wood_tick, American_dog_tick, Dermacentor_variabilis, hard_tick,@ genus_Dermacentor,#m (common tick that can transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia) }
{ Argasidae, family_Argasidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Acarina,#m (soft ticks) }
{ soft_tick, argasid, tick,@ family_Argasidae,#m (tick lacking a dorsal shield and having mouth parts on the under side of the head) }
{ mite, acarine,@ order_Acarina,#m (any of numerous very small to minute arachnids often infesting animals or plants or stored foods) }
{ web-spinning_mite, mite,@ (a mite that spins a web) }
{ Acaridae, family_Acaridae, arthropod_family,@ order_Acarina,#m (mites) }
{ acarid, mite,@ family_Acaridae,#m (very small free-living arachnid that is parasitic on animals or plants; related to ticks) }
{ Trombidiidae, family_Trombidiidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Acarina,#m (mites) }
{ trombidiid, mite,@ family_Trombidiidae,#m (mite that in all stages feeds on other arthropods) }
{ Trombiculidae, family_Trombiculidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Acarina,#m (mites) }
{ trombiculid, mite,@ family_Trombiculidae,#m (mite that as nymph and adult feeds on early stages of small arthropods but whose larvae are parasitic on terrestrial vertebrates) }
{ Trombicula, genus_Trombicula, arthropod_genus,@ family_Trombiculidae,#m (type genus of the family Trombiculidae) }
{ harvest_mite, chigger1, jigger, redbug, trombiculid,@ genus_Trombicula,#m (larval mite that sucks the blood of vertebrates including human beings causing intense irritation) }
{ Sarcoptidae, family_Sarcoptidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Acarina,#m (small whitish mites) }
{ Sarcoptes, genus_Sarcoptes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Sarcoptidae,#m (type genus of the family Sarcoptidae: itch mites) }
{ acarus, genus_Acarus, mite,@ order_Acarina,#m (any of several mites of the order Acarina) }
{ itch_mite, sarcoptid, mite,@ genus_Sarcoptes,#m (whitish mites that attack the skin of humans and other animals; "itch mites cause scabies") }
{ rust_mite, mite,@ (any of several varieties of mite that burrow into plants and cause a reddish-brown discoloration on the leaves or fruit) }
{ Tetranychidae, family_Tetranychidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Acarina,#m (plant-feeding mites) }
{ spider_mite, tetranychid, mite,@ family_Tetranychidae,#m (web-spinning mite that attacks garden plants and fruit trees) }
{ Panonychus, genus_Panonychus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Tetranychidae,#m (a genus of Tetranychidae) }
{ red_spider, red_spider_mite, Panonychus_ulmi, spider_mite,@ genus_Panonychus,#m (small web-spinning mite; a serious orchard pest) }

{ superclass_Myriapoda, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Arthropoda,#m (used in some classifications to encompass the millipedes (Diplopoda) and centipedes (Chilopoda); formerly a large taxon including also the Pauropoda and Symphyla; the term Myriapoda now usually used synonymously with Diplopoda and limited to the millipedes) }
{ myriapod, arthropod,@ (general term for any terrestrial arthropod having an elongated body composed of many similar segments: e.g. centipedes and millipedes) }
{ Pauropoda, class_Pauropoda, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Arthropoda,#m (an obscure class of minute arthropods with branched antennae and 8 to 10 pairs of legs) }
{ Symphyla, class_Symphyla, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Arthropoda,#m (small class of minute arthropods; unimportant except for the garden centipede) }
{ Scutigerella, genus_Scutigerella, arthropod_genus,@ class_Symphyla,#m (garden centipedes) }
{ garden_centipede, garden_symphilid, symphilid, Scutigerella_immaculata, arthropod,@ genus_Scutigerella,#m (minute arthropod often infesting the underground parts of truck-garden and greenhouse crops) }
{ Tardigrada, class_Tardigrada, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Arthropoda,#m (in some classifications considered a separate phylum: microscopic arachnid-like invertebrates living in water or damp moss having 4 pairs of legs and instead of a mouth a pair of stylets or needlelike piercing organs connected with the pharynx) }
{ tardigrade, arthropod,@ class_Tardigrada,#m (an arthropod of the division Tardigrada) }

{ Chilopoda, class_Chilopoda, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Arthropoda,#m (arthropods having the trunk composed of numerous somites each bearing one pair of legs: centipedes) }
{ centipede, arthropod,@ class_Chilopoda,#m (chiefly nocturnal predacious arthropod having a flattened body of 15 to 173 segments each with a pair of legs, the foremost pair being modified as prehensors) }
{ prehensor, noun.body:leg2,@ (the anterior pair of legs of a centipede that are modified to seize prey and inject venom from the toxicognaths) }
{ toxicognath, fang2,@ (either of a pair of poison fangs in the modified front pair of legs of the centipede) }
{ fang2, noun.body:extremity,@ (an appendage of insects that is capable of injecting venom; usually evolved from the legs) }
{ Scutigeridae, family_Scutigeridae, arthropod_family,@ class_Chilopoda,#m (a family of Chilopoda) }
{ Scutigera, genus_Scutigera, arthropod_genus,@ family_Scutigeridae,#m (a genus of Scutigeridae) }
{ house_centipede, Scutigera_coleoptrata, centipede,@ genus_Scutigera,#m (long-legged centipede common in damp places as e.g. cellars) }
{ Geophilomorpha, order_Geophilomorpha, animal_order,@ class_Chilopoda,#m (small elongate centipedes living in soil and under stones and having more than 30 pairs of legs) }
{ Geophilidae, family_Geophilidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Geophilomorpha,#m (small extremely elongate centipedes that live in earth) }
{ Geophilus, genus_Geophilus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Geophilidae,#m (type genus of the Geophilidae: a cosmopolitan genus of centipedes sometimes called earwigs) }

{ Diplopoda, class_Diplopoda, Myriapoda, class_Myriapoda, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Arthropoda,#m (arthropods having the body composed of numerous double somites each with two pairs of legs: millipedes) }
{ millipede, millepede, milliped, arthropod,@ class_Diplopoda,#m (any of numerous herbivorous nonpoisonous arthropods having a cylindrical body of 20 to 100 or more segments most with two pairs of legs) }

{ Pycnogonida, order_Pycnogonida, animal_order,@ superclass_Chelicerata,#m (sea spiders) }
{ sea_spider1, pycnogonid, arthropod,@ order_Pycnogonida,#m (any of various small spiderlike marine arthropods having small thin bodies and long slender legs) }

{ Merostomata, class_Merostomata, arthropod,@ superclass_Chelicerata,#m (used in some classifications; includes the orders Xiphosura and Eurypterida) }
{ Xiphosura, order_Xiphosura, animal_order,@ class_Merostomata,#m (horseshoe crabs and extinct forms) }
{ Limulidae, family_Limulidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Xiphosura,#m (horseshoe crabs) }
{ Limulus, genus_Limulus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Limulidae,#m (type genus of the family Limulidae) }
{ horseshoe_crab, king_crab2, Limulus_polyphemus, Xiphosurus_polyphemus, arthropod,@ genus_Limulus,#m (large marine arthropod of the Atlantic coast of North America having a domed carapace that is shaped like a horseshoe and a stiff pointed tail; a living fossil related to the wood louse) }
{ Tachypleus, genus_Tachypleus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Limulidae,#m (a genus of Limulidae) }
{ Asian_horseshoe_crab, arthropod,@ genus_Tachypleus,#m (horseshoe crab of the coast of eastern Asia) }
{ Eurypterida, order_Eurypterida, animal_order,@ class_Merostomata,#m (extinct aquatic arthropods of the Paleozoic) }
{ eurypterid, arthropod,@ order_Eurypterida,#m (large extinct scorpion-like arthropod considered related to horseshoe crabs) }

{ Pentastomida, subphylum_Pentastomida, noun.group:phylum,@ phylum_Arthropoda,#m (tongue worms) }
{ tongue_worm, pentastomid, arthropod,@ subphylum_Pentastomida,#m (wormlike arthropod having two pairs of hooks at the sides of the mouth; parasitic in nasal sinuses of mammals) }

{ Galliformes, order_Galliformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (pheasants; turkeys; grouse; partridges; quails; chickens; brush turkeys; curassows; hoatzins) }
{ gallinaceous_bird, gallinacean, bird,@ order_Galliformes,#m (heavy-bodied largely ground-feeding domestic or game birds) }
{ domestic_fowl, [ fowl, verb.competition:fowl1,+ verb.competition:fowl,+ ] poultry, gallinaceous_bird,@ genus_Gallus,#m (a domesticated gallinaceous bird thought to be descended from the red jungle fowl) }
{ Dorking, domestic_fowl,@ (an English breed of large domestic fowl having five toes (the hind toe doubled)) }
{ Plymouth_Rock, domestic_fowl,@ (an American breed of domestic fowl) }
{ Cornish, Cornish_fowl, domestic_fowl,@ (English breed of compact domestic fowl; raised primarily to crossbreed to produce roasters) }
{ Rock_Cornish, domestic_fowl,@ (small plump hybrid developed by crossbreeding Plymouth Rock and Cornish fowl) }
{ game_fowl, domestic_fowl,@ (any of several breeds reared for cockfighting) }
{ cochin, cochin_china, domestic_fowl,@ (Asian breed of large fowl with dense plumage and feathered legs) }
{ Gallus, genus_Gallus, bird_genus,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (common domestic birds and related forms) }
{ jungle_fowl, gallina, gallinaceous_bird,@ genus_Gallus,#m (small Asiatic wild bird; believed to be ancestral to domestic fowl) }
{ jungle_cock, jungle_fowl,@ (male jungle fowl) }
{ jungle_hen, jungle_fowl,@ (female jungle fowl) }
{ red_jungle_fowl, Gallus_gallus, jungle_fowl,@ (a jungle fowl of southeastern Asia that is considered ancestral to the domestic fowl) }
{ chicken1, Gallus_gallus2, domestic_fowl,@ (a domestic fowl bred for flesh or eggs; believed to have been developed from the red jungle fowl) }
{ bantam, domestic_fowl,@ (any of various small breeds of fowl) }
{ chick, biddy1, chicken1,@ young_bird,@ (young bird especially of domestic fowl) }
{ cock1, rooster, chicken1,@ (adult male chicken) }
{ comb1, cockscomb, coxcomb, crest,@ gallinaceous_bird,#p (the fleshy red crest on the head of the domestic fowl and other gallinaceous birds) }
{ cockerel, cock1,@ (a young domestic cock; not older than one year) }
{ [ capon, verb.body:caponize,+ verb.body:caponise,+ ] chicken1,@ (castrated male chicken) }
{ hen1, biddy2, chicken1,@ (adult female chicken) }
{ [ cackler1, verb.communication:cackle1,+ verb.communication:cackle,+ ] hen1,@ (a hen that has just laid an egg and emits a shrill squawk) }
{ brood_hen, broody, broody_hen, setting_hen, sitter, hen1,@ (a domestic hen ready to brood) }
{ mother_hen, hen1,@ (a hen with chicks) }
{ [ layer1, verb.contact:lay2,+ ] hen1,@ (a hen that lays eggs) }
{ pullet, hen1,@ (young hen usually less than a year old) }
{ spring_chicken, chicken1,@ (a young chicken having tender meat) }
{ Rhode_Island_red, chicken1,@ (American breed of heavy-bodied brownish-red general-purpose chicken) }
{ Dominique, Dominick, chicken1,@ (American breed of chicken having barred grey plumage raised for meat and brown eggs) }
{ Orpington, chicken1,@ (English breed of large chickens with white skin) }
{ Meleagrididae, family_Meleagrididae, bird_family,@ order_Galliformes,#m (turkeys and some extinct forms) }
{ Meleagris, genus_Meleagris, bird_genus,@ family_Meleagrididae,#m (type genus of the Meleagrididae: wild and domestic turkeys) }
{ turkey, Meleagris_gallopavo, domestic_fowl,@ genus_Meleagris,#m (large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food) }
{ turkey_cock, [ gobbler, verb.communication:gobble,+ ] tom2, tom_turkey, turkey,@ (male turkey) }
{ Agriocharis, genus_Agriocharis, bird_genus,@ family_Meleagrididae,#m (a genus of birds of the family Meleagrididae including the ocellated turkey) }
{ ocellated_turkey, Agriocharis_ocellata, gallinaceous_bird,@ genus_Agriocharis,#m (wild turkey of Central America and northern South America) }

{ Tetraonidae, family_Tetraonidae, bird_family,@ order_Galliformes,#m (grouse) }
{ [ grouse, verb.competition:grouse,+ ] game_bird,@ noun.group:covey,#m family_Tetraonidae,#m (popular game bird having a plump body and feathered legs and feet) }
{ Lyrurus, genus_Lyrurus, bird_genus,@ family_Tetraonidae,#m (black grouse) }
{ black_grouse, grouse,@ genus_Lyrurus,#m (grouse of which the male is bluish-black) }
{ European_black_grouse, heathfowl, Lyrurus_tetrix, black_grouse,@ (large northern European grouse that is black with a lyre-shaped tail) }
{ Asian_black_grouse2, Lyrurus_mlokosiewiczi, black_grouse,@ (a black grouse of western Asia) }
{ blackcock, black_cock, black_grouse,@ (male black grouse) }
{ greyhen, grayhen, grey_hen, gray_hen, heath_hen2, black_grouse,@ (female black grouse) }
{ Lagopus, genus_Lagopus, bird_genus,@ family_Tetraonidae,#m (ptarmigans) }
{ ptarmigan, grouse,@ genus_Lagopus,#m (large Arctic and subarctic grouse with feathered feet and usually white winter plumage) }
{ red_grouse, moorfowl, moorbird, moor-bird, moorgame, Lagopus_scoticus, ptarmigan,@ (reddish-brown grouse of upland moors of Great Britain) }
{ moorhen2, red_grouse,@ (female red grouse) }
{ moorcock, red_grouse,@ (male red grouse) }
{ Tetrao, genus_Tetrao, bird_genus,@ family_Tetraonidae,#m (type genus of the Tetraonidae: capercaillies) }
{ capercaillie, capercailzie, horse_of_the_wood, Tetrao_urogallus, grouse,@ genus_Tetrao,#m (large black Old World grouse) }
{ Canachites, genus_Canachites, bird_genus,@ family_Tetraonidae,#m (spruce grouse) }
{ spruce_grouse, Canachites_canadensis, grouse,@ genus_Canachites,#m (North American grouse that feeds on evergreen buds and needles) }
{ Centrocercus, genus_Centrocercus, bird_genus,@ family_Tetraonidae,#m (sage grouse) }
{ sage_grouse, sage_hen, Centrocercus_urophasianus, grouse,@ genus_Centrocercus,#m (large grouse of sagebrush regions of North America) }
{ Bonasa, genus_Bonasa, bird_genus,@ family_Tetraonidae,#m (ruffed grouse) }
{ ruffed_grouse, partridge3, Bonasa_umbellus, grouse,@ genus_Bonasa,#m (valued as a game bird in eastern United States and Canada) }
{ Pedioecetes, genus_Pedioecetes, bird_genus,@ family_Tetraonidae,#m (sharp-tailed grouse) }
{ sharp-tailed_grouse, sprigtail, sprig_tail, Pedioecetes_phasianellus, grouse,@ (large grouse of prairies and open forests of western North America) }
{ Tympanuchus, genus_Tympanuchus, bird_genus,@ family_Tetraonidae,#m (prairie chickens) }
{ prairie_chicken, prairie_grouse, prairie_fowl, grouse,@ genus_Tympanuchus,#m (brown mottled North American grouse of western prairies) }
{ greater_prairie_chicken, Tympanuchus_cupido, prairie_chicken,@ (the most common variety of prairie chicken) }
{ lesser_prairie_chicken, Tympanuchus_pallidicinctus, prairie_chicken,@ (a smaller prairie chicken of western Texas) }
{ heath_hen1, Tympanuchus_cupido_cupido, prairie_chicken,@ (extinct prairie chicken) }

{ Cracidae, family_Cracidae, bird_family,@ order_Galliformes,#m (curassows; guans; chachalacas) }
{ guan, gallinaceous_bird,@ family_Cracidae,#m (any of several large turkey-like game birds of the family Cracidae; native to jungles of tropical America; resembling the curassows and valued as food) }
{ Crax, genus_Crax, bird_genus,@ family_Cracidae,#m (type genus of the Cracidae: curassows) }
{ curassow, gallinaceous_bird,@ genus_Crax,#m (large crested arboreal game bird of warm parts of the Americas having long legs and tails; highly esteemed as game and food) }
{ Penelope, genus_Penelope, bird_genus,@ family_Cracidae,#m (a genus of guans (turkey-like arboreal birds valued as game and food birds)) }
{ Pipile, genus_Pipile, bird_genus,@ family_Cracidae,#m (genus of large crested guans (the piping guans)) }
{ piping_guan, guan,@ genus_Pipile,#m (a kind of guan) }
{ Ortalis, genus_Ortalis, bird_genus,@ family_Cracidae,#m (chachalacas) }
{ chachalaca, gallinaceous_bird,@ genus_Ortalis,#m (slender arboreal guan resembling a wild turkey; native to Central America and Mexico; highly regarded as game birds) }
{ Texas_chachalaca, Ortilis_vetula_macalli, chachalaca,@ genus_Ortalis,#m (of Mexico and Texas) }

{ Megapodiidae, family_Megapodiidae, bird_family,@ order_Galliformes,#m (megapodes) }
{ Megapodius, genus-Megapodius, bird_genus,@ family_Megapodiidae,#m (type genus of the Megapodiidae) }
{ megapode, mound_bird, mound-bird, mound_builder, scrub_fowl, gallinaceous_bird,@ family_Megapodiidae,#m (large-footed short-winged birds of Australasia; build mounds of decaying vegetation to incubate eggs) }
{ genus_Leipoa, bird_genus,@ family_Megapodiidae,#m (mallee fowl) }
{ mallee_fowl, leipoa, lowan, Leipoa_ocellata, megapode,@ genus_Leipoa,#m (Australian mound bird; incubates eggs naturally in sandy mounds) }
{ mallee_hen, mallee_fowl,@ (adult female mallee fowl) }
{ Alectura, genus_Alectura, bird_genus,@ family_Megapodiidae,#m (brush turkeys) }
{ brush_turkey, Alectura_lathami, megapode,@ genus_Alectura,#m (black megapode of wooded regions of Australia and New Guinea) }
{ Macrocephalon, genus_Macrocephalon, bird_genus,@ family_Megapodiidae,#m (maleos) }
{ maleo, Macrocephalon_maleo, megapode,@ genus_Macrocephalon,#m (Celebes megapode that lays eggs in holes in sandy beaches) }

{ Phasianidae, family_Phasianidae, bird_family,@ order_Galliformes,#m (pheasants; quails; partridges) }
{ phasianid, game_bird,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (a kind of game bird in the family Phasianidae) }
{ Phasianus, genus_Phasianus, bird_genus,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (type genus of the Phasianidae: the typical pheasants) }
{ pheasant, phasianid,@ genus_Phasianus,#m (large long-tailed gallinaceous bird native to the Old World but introduced elsewhere) }
{ ring-necked_pheasant, Phasianus_colchicus, pheasant,@ genus_Phasianus,#m (common pheasant having bright plumage and a white neck ring) }

{ genus_Afropavo, bird_genus,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (Congo peafowl) }
{ afropavo, Congo_peafowl, Afropavo_congensis, pheasant,@ (both sexes are brightly colored) }
{ Argusianus, genus_Argusianus, bird_genus,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (argus pheasants) }
{ argus, argus_pheasant, pheasant,@ genus_Argusianus,#m (large brilliantly patterned East Indian pheasant) }
{ Chrysolophus, genus_Chrysolophus, bird_genus,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (golden pheasants) }
{ golden_pheasant, Chrysolophus_pictus, pheasant,@ genus_Chrysolophus,#m (brightly colored crested pheasant of mountains of western and central Asia) }
{ Colinus, genus_Colinus, bird_genus,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (New World quail: the bobwhites) }
{ bobwhite, bobwhite_quail, partridge2, quail1,@ genus_Colinus,#m (a popular North American game bird; named for its call) }
{ northern_bobwhite, Colinus_virginianus, bobwhite,@ (a favorite game bird of eastern and central United States) }
{ Coturnix, genus_Coturnix, bird_genus,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (Old World quail) }
{ Old_World_quail, quail1,@ genus_Coturnix,#m (small game bird with a rounded body and small tail) }
{ migratory_quail, Coturnix_coturnix, Coturnix_communis, Old_World_quail,@ (the typical Old World quail) }

{ Lophophorus, genus_Lophophorus, bird_genus,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (monals) }
{ monal, monaul, pheasant,@ genus_Lophophorus,#m (brilliantly colored pheasant of southern Asia) }

{ Odontophorus, genus_Odontophorus, bird_genus,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (genus of Central and South American crested partridges resembling quails; sometimes placed in a distinct subfamily or isolated in a distinct family) }
{ Pavo, genus_Pavo, bird_genus,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (peafowl) }
{ peafowl, bird_of_Juno, pheasant,@ genus_Pavo,#m (very large terrestrial southeast Asian pheasant often raised as an ornamental bird) }
{ peachick, pea-chick, peafowl,@ (a young peafowl) }
{ peacock1, peafowl,@ (male peafowl; having a crested head and very large fanlike tail marked with iridescent eyes or spots) }
{ peahen, peafowl,@ (female peafowl) }
{ blue_peafowl, Pavo_cristatus, peafowl,@ (peafowl of India and Ceylon) }
{ green_peafowl, Pavo_muticus, peafowl,@ (peafowl of southeast Asia) }
{ quail1, phasianid,@ noun.group:bevy,#m (small gallinaceous game birds) }
{ Lofortyx, genus_Lofortyx, bird_genus,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (California quail) }
{ California_quail, Lofortyx_californicus, quail1,@ (plump chunky bird of coastal California and Oregon) }
{ genus_Tragopan, bird_genus,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (a genus of Phasianidae) }
{ tragopan, pheasant,@ genus_Tragopan,#m (brilliantly colored Asian pheasant having wattles and two fleshy processes on the head) }
{ Perdicidae, subfamily_Perdicidae, Perdicinae, subfamily_Perdicinae, bird_family,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (Old World partridges) }
{ partridge1, phasianid,@ subfamily_Perdicinae,#m noun.group:covey,#m (small Old World gallinaceous game birds) }
{ Perdix, genus_Perdix, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Perdicinae,#m (a genus of Perdicinae) }
{ Hungarian_partridge, grey_partridge, gray_partridge, Perdix_perdix, partridge1,@ genus_Perdix,#m (common European partridge) }
{ Alectoris, genus_Alectoris, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Perdicidae,#m (a genus of Perdicidae) }
{ red-legged_partridge, Alectoris_ruffa, partridge1,@ genus_Alectoris,#m (common western European partridge with red legs) }
{ Greek_partridge, rock_partridge, Alectoris_graeca, partridge1,@ genus_Alectoris,#m (of mountainous areas of southern Europe) }
{ Oreortyx, genus_Oreortyx, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Perdicidae,#m (mountain quail of western United States) }
{ mountain_quail, mountain_partridge, Oreortyx_picta_palmeri, partridge1,@ genus_Oreortyx,#m (California partridge; slightly larger than the California quail) }
{ Numididae, subfamily_Numididae, Numidinae, subfamily_Numidinae, bird_family,@ family_Phasianidae,#m (guinea fowl and related birds of Africa and Madagascar) }
{ Numida, genus_Numida, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Numididae,#m (guinea fowl) }
{ guinea_fowl, guinea, Numida_meleagris, domestic_fowl,@ genus_Numida,#m (a west African bird having dark plumage mottled with white; native to Africa but raised for food in many parts of the world) }
{ guinea_hen, guinea_fowl,@ (female guinea fowl) }

{ Opisthocomidae, family_Opisthocomidae, bird_family,@ order_Galliformes,#m (comprising the hoatzins) }
{ Opisthocomus, genus_Opisthocomus, bird_genus,@ family_Opisthocomidae,#m (type genus of the Opisthocomidae: hoatzins) }
{ hoatzin, hoactzin, stinkbird, Opisthocomus_hoazin, gallinaceous_bird,@ genus_Opisthocomus,#m (crested ill-smelling South American bird whose young have claws on the first and second digits of the wings) }

{ Tinamiformes, order_Tinamiformes, animal_order,@ superorder_Ratitae,#m (coextensive with the family Tinamidae) }
{ Tinamidae, family_Tinamidae, bird_family,@ order_Tinamiformes,#m (comprising the tinamous) }
{ tinamou, partridge4, game_bird,@ family_Tinamidae,#m (heavy-bodied small-winged South American game bird resembling a gallinaceous bird but related to the ratite birds) }

{ Columbiformes, order_Columbiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (sand grouse; pigeons; doves; extinct dodos and solitaires) }
{ columbiform_bird, gallinaceous_bird,@ order_Columbiformes,#m (a cosmopolitan order of land birds having small heads and short legs with four unwebbed toes) }
{ Raphidae, family_Raphidae, bird_family,@ order_Columbiformes,#m (extinct dodos and solitaires) }
{ Raphus, genus_Raphus, bird_genus,@ family_Raphidae,#m (type genus of the Raphidae: dodos) }
{ dodo, Raphus_cucullatus, columbiform_bird,@ genus_Raphus,#m (extinct heavy flightless bird of Mauritius related to pigeons) }
{ Pezophaps, genus_Pezophaps, bird_genus,@ family_Raphidae,#m (constituted by the extinct solitaire) }
{ solitaire2, Pezophaps_solitaria, columbiform_bird,@ genus_Pezophaps,#m (extinct flightless bird related to the dodo) }

{ Columbidae, family_Columbidae, bird_family,@ order_Columbiformes,#m (doves and pigeons) }
{ pigeon, columbiform_bird,@ family_Columbidae,#m (wild and domesticated birds having a heavy body and short legs) }
{ pouter_pigeon, pouter, pigeon,@ (one of a breed of pigeon that enlarge their crop until their breast is puffed out) }
{ dove, pigeon,@ (any of numerous small pigeons) }
{ Columba, genus_Columba, bird_genus,@ family_Columbidae,#m (type genus of the Columbidae: typical pigeons) }
{ rock_dove, rock_pigeon, Columba_livia, pigeon,@ genus_Columba,#m (pale grey Eurasian pigeon having black-striped wings from which most domestic species are descended) }
{ band-tailed_pigeon, band-tail_pigeon, bandtail, Columba_fasciata, pigeon,@ genus_Columba,#m (wild pigeon of western North America; often mistaken for the now extinct passenger pigeon) }
{ wood_pigeon, ringdove2, cushat, Columba_palumbus, pigeon,@ genus_Columba,#m (Eurasian pigeon with white patches on wings and neck) }
{ Streptopelia, genus_Streptopelia, bird_genus,@ family_Columbidae,#m (turtledoves) }
{ turtledove, dove,@ genus_Streptopelia,#m (any of several Old World wild doves) }
{ Streptopelia_turtur, turtledove,@ (the common European wild dove noted for its plaintive cooing) }
{ ringdove1, Streptopelia_risoria, turtledove,@ (greyish Old World turtledove with a black band around the neck; often caged) }
{ Stictopelia, genus_Stictopelia, bird_genus,@ family_Columbidae,#m (a genus of Columbidae) }
{ Australian_turtledove, turtledove2, Stictopelia_cuneata, dove,@ genus_Stictopelia,#m (small Australian dove) }
{ Zenaidura, genus_Zenaidura, bird_genus,@ family_Columbidae,#m (mourning doves) }
{ mourning_dove, Zenaidura_macroura, dove,@ genus_Zenaidura,#m (wild dove of the United States having a mournful call) }
{ domestic_pigeon, pigeon,@ (domesticated pigeon raised for sport or food) }
{ squab, pigeon,@ (an unfledged pigeon) }
{ fairy_swallow, domestic_pigeon,@ (fancy domestic pigeon having blue-and-white plumage and heavily muffed feet) }
{ roller2, [ tumbler, verb.motion:tumble4,+ ] tumbler_pigeon, domestic_pigeon,@ (pigeon that executes backward somersaults in flight or on the ground) }
{ homing_pigeon, homer, domestic_pigeon,@ (pigeon trained to return home) }
{ carrier_pigeon, homing_pigeon,@ (a homing pigeon used to carry messages) }
{ Ectopistes, genus_Ectopistes, bird_genus,@ family_Columbidae,#m (a genus of Columbidae) }
{ passenger_pigeon, Ectopistes_migratorius, pigeon,@ genus_Ectopistes,#m (gregarious North American migratory pigeon now extinct) }

{ Pteroclididae, family_Pteroclididae, bird_family,@ order_Columbiformes,#m (sandgrouses) }
{ sandgrouse, sand_grouse, columbiform_bird,@ family_Pteroclididae,#m (pigeon-like bird of arid regions of the Old World having long pointed wings and tail and precocial downy young) }
{ Pterocles, genus_Pterocles, bird_genus,@ family_Pteroclididae,#m (type genus of the Pteroclididae) }
{ painted_sandgrouse, Pterocles_indicus, sandgrouse,@ genus_Pterocles,#m (sandgrouse of India) }
{ pin-tailed_sandgrouse, pin-tailed_grouse, Pterocles_alchata, sandgrouse,@ genus_Pterocles,#m (sandgrouse of Europe and Africa having elongated middle tail feathers) }
{ Syrrhaptes, genus_Syrrhaptes, bird_genus,@ family_Pteroclididae,#m (a genus of Pteroclididae) }
{ pallas's_sandgrouse, Syrrhaptes_paradoxus, sandgrouse,@ genus_Syrrhaptes,#m (Eurasiatic sandgrouse with a black patch on the belly) }

{ Psittaciformes, order_Psittaciformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (an order of birds including parrots and amazons and cockatoos and lorikeets and lories and macaws and parakeets) }
{ parrot, bird,@ order_Psittaciformes,#m (usually brightly colored zygodactyl tropical birds with short hooked beaks and the ability to mimic sounds) }
{ popinjay, parrot,@ (an archaic term for a parrot) }
{ poll, poll_parrot, parrot,@ (a tame parrot) }
{ Psittacidae, family_Psittacidae, bird_family,@ order_Psittaciformes,#m (coextensive with the order Psittaciformes) }
{ Psittacus, genus_Psittacus, bird_genus,@ family_Psittacidae,#m (type genus of the Psittacidae: usually restricted to the African grey) }
{ African_grey, African_gray, Psittacus_erithacus, parrot,@ genus_Psittacus,#m (commonly domesticated grey parrot with red-and-black tail and white face; native to equatorial Africa) }
{ Amazona, genus_Amazona, bird_genus,@ family_Psittacidae,#m (a genus of Psittacidae) }
{ amazon, parrot,@ genus_Amazona,#m (mainly green tropical American parrots) }
{ Ara, genus_Ara, bird_genus,@ family_Psittacidae,#m (macaws) }
{ macaw, parrot,@ genus_Ara,#m (long-tailed brilliantly colored parrot of Central America and South America; among the largest and showiest of parrots) }
{ Nestor, genus_Nestor, bird_genus,@ family_Psittacidae,#m (a genus of Psittacidae) }
{ kea, Nestor_notabilis, parrot,@ genus_Nestor,#m (large brownish-green New Zealand parrot) }
{ Kakatoe, genus_Kakatoe, Cacatua, genus_Cacatua, bird_genus,@ family_Psittacidae,#m (a genus of Psittacidae) }
{ cockatoo, parrot,@ genus_Kakatoe,#m (white or light-colored crested parrot of the Australian region; often kept as cage birds) }
{ sulphur-crested_cockatoo, Kakatoe_galerita, Cacatua_galerita, cockatoo,@ (white cockatoo with a yellow erectile crest) }
{ pink_cockatoo, Kakatoe_leadbeateri, cockatoo,@ (white Australian cockatoo with roseate tinged plumage) }
{ Nymphicus, genus_Nymphicus, bird_genus,@ family_Psittacidae,#m (a genus of Psittacidae) }
{ cockateel, cockatiel, cockatoo_parrot, Nymphicus_hollandicus, parrot,@ genus_Nymphicus,#m (small grey Australian parrot with a yellow crested head) }
{ Agapornis, genus_Agapornis, bird_genus,@ family_Psittacidae,#m (a genus of Psittacidae) }
{ lovebird1, parrot,@ genus_Agapornis,#m (small African parrot noted for showing affection for their mates) }
{ Loriinae, subfamily_Loriinae, bird_family,@ family_Psittacidae,#m (lories) }
{ lory, parrot,@ subfamily_Loriinae,#m (small brightly colored Australasian parrots having a brush-tipped tongue for feeding on nectar and soft fruits) }
{ lorikeet, lory,@ (any of various small lories) }
{ Glossopsitta, genus_Glossopsitta, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Loriinae,#m (a genus of Loriinae) }
{ varied_Lorikeet, Glossopsitta_versicolor, lorikeet,@ genus_Glossopsitta,#m (lorikeet with a colorful coat) }
{ Trichoglossus, genus_Trichoglossus, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Loriinae,#m (a genus of Loriinae) }
{ rainbow_lorikeet, Trichoglossus_moluccanus, lorikeet,@ genus_Trichoglossus,#m (a kind of lorikeet) }
{ parakeet, parrakeet, parroket, paraquet, paroquet, parroquet, parrot,@ (any of numerous small slender long-tailed parrots) }
{ Conuropsis, genus_Conuropsis, bird_genus,@ family_Psittacidae,#m (a genus of Psittacidae) }
{ Carolina_parakeet, Conuropsis_carolinensis, parakeet,@ genus_Conuropsis,#m (extinct parakeet whose range extended far into the United States) }
{ Melopsittacus, genus_Melopsittacus, bird_genus,@ family_Psittacidae,#m (a genus of Psittacidae) }
{ budgerigar, budgereegah, budgerygah, budgie, grass_parakeet, lovebird2, shell_parakeet, Melopsittacus_undulatus, parakeet,@ genus_Melopsittacus,#m (small Australian parakeet usually light green with black and yellow markings in the wild but bred in many colors) }
{ Psittacula, genus_Psittacula, bird_genus,@ family_Psittacidae,#m (a genus of Psittacidae) }
{ ring-necked_parakeet, Psittacula_krameri, parakeet,@ genus_Psittacula,#m (African parakeet) }

{ Cuculiformes, order_Cuculiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (cuckoos; touracos; etc.) }
{ cuculiform_bird, bird,@ order_Cuculiformes,#m (birds having zygodactyl feet (except for the touracos)) }
{ Cuculidae, family_Cuculidae, bird_family,@ order_Cuculiformes,#m (includes cuckoo; ani; roadrunner) }
{ [ cuckoo, verb.communication:cuckoo,+ ] cuculiform_bird,@ family_Cuculidae,#m (any of numerous European and North American birds having pointed wings and a long tail) }
{ Cuculus, genus_Cuculus, bird_genus,@ family_Cuculidae,#m (type genus of the Cuculidae) }
{ European_cuckoo, Cuculus_canorus, cuckoo,@ genus_Cuculus,#m (common cuckoo of Europe having a distinctive two-note call; lays eggs in the nests of other birds) }
{ Coccyzus, genus_Coccyzus, bird_genus,@ family_Cuculidae,#m (a genus of Cuculidae) }
{ black-billed_cuckoo, Coccyzus_erythropthalmus, cuckoo,@ genus_Coccyzus,#m (North American cuckoo; builds a nest and rears its own young) }
{ Geococcyx, genus_Geococcyx, bird_genus,@ family_Cuculidae,#m (roadrunners) }
{ roadrunner, chaparral_cock, Geococcyx_californianus, cuckoo,@ genus_Geococcyx,#m (speedy largely terrestrial bird found from California and Mexico to Texas) }
{ Crotophaga, genus_Crotophaga, bird_genus,@ family_Cuculidae,#m (ani) }
{ ani, cuckoo,@ genus_Crotophaga,#m (black tropical American cuckoo) }
{ Centropus, genus_Centropus, bird_genus,@ family_Cuculidae,#m (a genus of Cuculidae) }
{ coucal, cuckoo,@ genus_Centropus,#m (Old World ground-living cuckoo having a long dagger-like hind claw) }
{ crow_pheasant, Centropus_sinensis, coucal,@ (common coucal of India and China) }
{ pheasant_coucal, pheasant_cuckoo, Centropus_phasianinus, coucal,@ (Australian bird with a tail like a pheasant) }
{ Musophagidae, family_Musophagidae, bird_family,@ order_Cuculiformes,#m (touracos) }
{ Musophaga, genus_Musophaga, bird_genus,@ family_Musophagidae,#m (type genus of the Musophagidae) }
{ touraco, turaco, turacou, turakoo, cuculiform_bird,@ family_Musophagidae,#m (large brightly crested bird of Africa) }

{ Coraciiformes, order_Coraciiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (rollers; kingfishers; hornbills; hoopoes; motmots; bee eaters; todies) }
{ Picariae, order_Picariae, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (term used in some classifications as nearly equivalent to the order Coraciiformes) }
{ coraciiform_bird, bird,@ order_Coraciiformes,#m (chiefly short-legged arboreal nonpasserine birds that nest in holes) }
{ Coraciidae, family_Coraciidae, bird_family,@ order_Coraciiformes,#m (rollers) }
{ roller1, coraciiform_bird,@ family_Coraciidae,#m (Old World bird that tumbles or rolls in flight; related to kingfishers) }
{ Coracias, genus_Coracias, bird_genus,@ family_Coraciidae,#m (type genus of the Coraciidae) }
{ European_roller, Coracias_garrulus, roller1,@ genus_Coracias,#m (common European blue-and-green roller with a reddish-brown back) }
{ ground_roller, roller1,@ (Madagascan roller with terrestrial and crepuscular habits that feeds on e.g. insects and worms) }
{ Alcedinidae, family_Alcedinidae, bird_family,@ order_Coraciiformes,#m (kingfishers) }
{ halcyon1, noun.person:mythical_being,@ (a mythical bird said to breed at the time of the winter solstice in a nest floating on the sea and to have the power of calming the winds and waves) }
{ kingfisher, coraciiform_bird,@ family_Alcedinidae,#m (nonpasserine large-headed bird with a short tail and long sharp bill; usually crested and bright-colored; feed mostly on fish) }
{ Alcedo, genus_Alcedo, bird_genus,@ family_Alcedinidae,#m (type genus of the Alcedinidae) }
{ Eurasian_kingfisher, Alcedo_atthis, kingfisher,@ genus_Alcedo,#m (small kingfisher with greenish-blue and orange plumage) }
{ Ceryle, genus_Ceryle, bird_genus,@ family_Alcedinidae,#m (a genus of birds of the family Alcedinidae) }
{ belted_kingfisher, Ceryle_alcyon, kingfisher,@ genus_Ceryle,#m (greyish-blue North American kingfisher with a chestnut band on its chest) }
{ Dacelo, genus_Dacelo, bird_genus,@ family_Alcedinidae,#m (Australasian kingfishers) }
{ Halcyon, genus_Halcyon, bird_genus,@ family_Alcedinidae,#m (a large kingfisher widely distributed in warmer parts of the Old World) }
{ kookaburra, laughing_jackass1, Dacelo_gigas, kingfisher,@ genus_Dacelo,#m (Australian kingfisher having a loud cackling cry) }
{ Meropidae, family_Meropidae, bird_family,@ order_Coraciiformes,#m (bee-eaters) }
{ Merops, genus_Merops, bird_genus,@ family_Meropidae,#m (type genus of the Meropidae) }
{ bee_eater, coraciiform_bird,@ family_Meropidae,#m (colorful chiefly tropical Old World bird having a strong graceful flight; feeds on especially bees) }
{ Bucerotidae, family_Bucerotidae, bird_family,@ order_Coraciiformes,#m (hornbills) }
{ Buceros, genus_Buceros, bird_genus,@ family_Bucerotidae,#m (type genus of the family Bucerotidae) }
{ hornbill, coraciiform_bird,@ family_Bucerotidae,#m (bird of tropical Africa and Asia having a very large bill surmounted by a bony protuberance; related to kingfishers) }
{ Upupidae, family_Upupidae, bird_family,@ order_Coraciiformes,#m (hoopoes) }
{ Upupa, genus_Upupa, bird_genus,@ family_Upupidae,#m (type genus of the Upupidae) }
{ hoopoe, hoopoo, coraciiform_bird,@ family_Upupidae,#m (any of several crested Old World birds with a slender downward-curved bill) }
{ Euopean_hoopoe, Upupa_epops, hoopoe,@ genus_Upupa,#m (pinkish-brown hoopoe with black-and-white wings) }
{ Phoeniculidae, family_Phoeniculidae, bird_family,@ order_Coraciiformes,#m (wood hoopoes) }
{ Phoeniculus, genus_Phoeniculus, bird_genus,@ family_Phoeniculidae,#m (type and only genus of the family Phoeniculidae) }
{ wood_hoopoe, coraciiform_bird,@ genus_Phoeniculus,#m (tropical African bird having metallic blackish plumage but no crest) }
{ Momotidae, family_Momotidae, bird_family,@ order_Coraciiformes,#m (a family of birds of the order Coraciiformes) }
{ Momotus, genus_Momotus, bird_genus,@ family_Momotidae,#m (type genus of the Momotidae) }
{ motmot, momot, coraciiform_bird,@ family_Momotidae,#m (tropical American bird resembling a blue jay and having greenish and bluish plumage) }
{ Todidae, family_Todidae, bird_family,@ order_Coraciiformes,#m (a family of birds of the order Coraciiformes) }
{ Todus, genus_Todus, bird_genus,@ family_Todidae,#m (type genus of the Todidae) }
{ tody, coraciiform_bird,@ genus_Todus,#m (tiny insectivorous West Indian bird having red-and-green plumage and a long straight bill) }

{ Apodiformes, order_Apodiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (swifts; hummingbirds) }
{ apodiform_bird, bird,@ order_Apodiformes,#m (nonpasserine bird having long wings and weak feet; spends much of its time in flight) } (nonpasserine==?)
{ Apodidae, family_Apodidae, bird_family,@ order_Apodiformes,#m (swifts; in former classifications included in the order Coraciiformes) }
{ [ swift, noun.animal:swiftlet,+ ] apodiform_bird,@ family_Apodidae,#m (a small bird that resembles a swallow and is noted for its rapid flight) }
{ Apus, genus_Apus, bird_genus,@ family_Apodidae,#m (type genus) }
{ European_swift, Apus_apus, swift,@ genus_Apus,#m (common European bird with a shrieking call that nests chiefly about eaves of buildings or on cliffs) }
{ Chateura, genus_Chateura, bird_genus,@ family_Apodidae,#m (a genus of Apodidae) }
{ chimney_swift, chimney_swallow2, Chateura_pelagica, swift,@ genus_Chateura,#m (American swift that nests in e.g. unused chimneys) }
{ Collocalia, genus_Collocalia, bird_genus,@ family_Apodidae,#m (a genus of Apodidae) }
{ [ swiftlet, noun.animal:swift,+ ] Collocalia_inexpectata, swift,@ genus_Collocalia,#m (swift of eastern Asia; produces the edible bird's nest) }
{ Hemiprocnidae, family_Hemiprocnidae, bird_family,@ order_Apodiformes,#m (tree swifts) }
{ tree_swift, crested_swift, apodiform_bird,@ family_Hemiprocnidae,#m (birds of southeast Asia and East Indies differing from true swifts in having upright crests and nesting in trees) }
{ Trochilidae, family_Trochilidae, bird_family,@ order_Apodiformes,#m (hummingbirds) } (nonpasserine==?)
{ hummingbird, apodiform_bird,@ family_Trochilidae,#m (tiny American bird having brilliant iridescent plumage and long slender bills; wings are specialized for vibrating flight) }
{ Archilochus, genus_Archilochus, bird_genus,@ family_Trochilidae,#m (a genus of Trochilidae) }
{ Archilochus_colubris, hummingbird,@ genus_Archilochus,#m (a kind of hummingbird) }
{ Chalcostigma, genus_Chalcostigma, bird_genus,@ family_Trochilidae,#m (thornbills) }
{ Ramphomicron, genus_Ramphomicron, bird_genus,@ family_Trochilidae,#m (thornbills) }
{ thornbill1, hummingbird,@ genus_Chalcostigma,#m genus_Ramphomicron,#m (any of various South American hummingbirds with a sharp pointed bill) }

{ Caprimulgiformes, order_Caprimulgiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (goatsuckers; frogmouths; oilbirds) }
{ caprimulgiform_bird, bird,@ order_Caprimulgiformes,#m (long-winged nonpasserine birds) } (nonpasserine==?)
{ Caprimulgidae, family_Caprimulgidae, bird_family,@ order_Caprimulgiformes,#m (goatsuckers) }
{ goatsucker, nightjar, caprimulgid, caprimulgiform_bird,@ family_Caprimulgidae,#m (mainly crepuscular or nocturnal nonpasserine birds with mottled greyish-brown plumage and large eyes; feed on insects) }
{ Caprimulgus, genus_Caprimulgus, bird_genus,@ family_Caprimulgidae,#m (type genus of the Caprimulgidae) }
{ European_goatsucker, European_nightjar, Caprimulgus_europaeus, goatsucker,@ genus_Caprimulgus,#m (Old World goatsucker)}
{ chuck-will's-widow, Caprimulgus_carolinensis, goatsucker,@ genus_Caprimulgus,#m (large whippoorwill-like bird of the southern United States) }
{ whippoorwill, Caprimulgus_vociferus, goatsucker,@ genus_Caprimulgus,#m (American nocturnal goatsucker with grey-and-white plumage) }
{ Chordeiles, genus_Chordeiles, bird_genus,@ family_Caprimulgidae,#m (a genus of Caprimulgidae) }
{ nighthawk, bullbat, mosquito_hawk1, goatsucker,@ genus_Chordeiles,#m (mainly nocturnal North American goatsucker) }
{ Phalaenoptilus, genus_Phalaenoptilus, bird_genus,@ family_Caprimulgidae,#m (a genus of Caprimulgidae) }
{ poorwill, Phalaenoptilus_nuttallii, goatsucker,@ genus_Phalaenoptilus,#m (goatsucker of western North America) }
{ Podargidae, family_Podargidae, bird_family,@ order_Caprimulgiformes,#m (frogmouths) }
{ Podargus, genus_Podargus, bird_genus,@ family_Podargidae,#m (type genus of the Podargidae) }
{ frogmouth, caprimulgiform_bird,@ family_Podargidae,#m (insectivorous bird of Australia and southeastern Asia having a wide frog-like mouth) }
{ Steatornithidae, family_Steatornithidae, bird_family,@ order_Caprimulgiformes,#m (oilbirds) }
{ Steatornis, genus_Steatornis, bird_genus,@ family_Steatornithidae,#m (type and sole genus of the family Steatornithidae) }
{ oilbird, guacharo, Steatornis_caripensis, caprimulgiform_bird,@ genus_Steatornis,#m (nocturnal fruit-eating bird of South America that has fatty young yielding an oil that is used instead of butter) }

{ Piciformes, order_Piciformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (woodpeckers; jacamars; puffbirds; barbets; honey guides; toucans) } (nonpasserine==?)
{ piciform_bird, bird,@ order_Piciformes,#m (any of numerous nonpasserine insectivorous climbing birds usually having strong bills for boring wood) }
{ Picidae, family_Picidae, bird_family,@ order_Piciformes,#m (woodpeckers) }
{ woodpecker, peckerwood, pecker, piciform_bird,@ family_Picidae,#m (bird with strong claws and a stiff tail adapted for climbing and a hard chisel-like bill for boring into wood for insects) }
{ Picus, genus_Picus, bird_genus,@ family_Picidae,#m (type genus of Picidae) }
{ green_woodpecker, Picus_viridis, woodpecker,@ genus_Picus,#m (woodpecker of Europe and western Asia) }
{ Picoides, genus_Picoides, bird_genus,@ family_Picidae,#m (a genus of Picidae) }
{ downy_woodpecker, woodpecker,@ (small North American woodpecker with black and white plumage and a small bill) }
{ Colaptes, genus_Colaptes, bird_genus,@ family_Picidae,#m (a genus of Picidae) }
{ flicker, woodpecker,@ genus_Colaptes,#m (North American woodpecker) }
{ yellow-shafted_flicker, Colaptes_auratus, yellowhammer2, flicker,@ (large flicker of eastern North America with a red neck and yellow undersurface to wings and tail) }
{ gilded_flicker, Colaptes_chrysoides, flicker,@ (southwestern United States bird like the yellow-shafted flicker but lacking the red neck) }
{ red-shafted_flicker, Colaptes_caper_collaris, flicker,@ (western United States bird with red undersurface to wings and tail) }
{ Campephilus, genus_Campephilus, bird_genus,@ family_Picidae,#m (a genus of Picidae) }
{ ivorybill, ivory-billed_woodpecker, Campephilus_principalis, woodpecker,@ genus_Campephilus,#m (large black-and-white woodpecker of southern United States and Cuba having an ivory bill; nearly extinct) }
{ Melanerpes, genus_Melanerpes, bird_genus,@ family_Picidae,#m (a genus of Picidae) }
{ redheaded_woodpecker, redhead1, Melanerpes_erythrocephalus, woodpecker,@ genus_Melanerpes,#m (black-and-white North American woodpecker having a red head and neck) }
{ Sphyrapicus, genus_Sphyrapicus, bird_genus,@ family_Picidae,#m (a genus of Picidae) }
{ sapsucker, woodpecker,@ genus_Sphyrapicus,#m (small American woodpecker that feeds on sap from e.g. apple and maple trees) }
{ yellow-bellied_sapsucker, Sphyrapicus_varius, sapsucker,@ (eastern North American sapsucker having a pale yellow abdomen) }
{ red-breasted_sapsucker, Sphyrapicus_varius_ruber, sapsucker,@ (western North American sapsucker) }
{ Jynx, genus_Jynx, bird_genus,@ family_Picidae,#m (wrynecks) }
{ wryneck, woodpecker,@ genus_Jynx,#m (Old World woodpecker with a peculiar habit of twisting the neck) }
{ Picumnus, genus_Picumnus, bird_genus,@ family_Picidae,#m (a genus of Picidae) }
{ piculet, woodpecker,@ genus_Picumnus,#m (small woodpeckers of South America and Africa and East Indies having soft rounded tail feathers) }
{ Capitonidae, family_Capitonidae, bird_family,@ order_Piciformes,#m (barbets) }
{ barbet, piciform_bird,@ family_Capitonidae,#m (small brightly colored stout-billed tropical bird having short weak wings) }
{ Bucconidae, family_Bucconidae, bird_family,@ order_Piciformes,#m (puffbirds) }
{ puffbird, piciform_bird,@ family_Bucconidae,#m (brownish tropical American bird having a large head with fluffed out feathers) }
{ Indicatoridae, family_Indicatoridae, bird_family,@ order_Piciformes,#m (honey guides) }
{ honey_guide, piciform_bird,@ family_Indicatoridae,#m (small bird of tropical Africa and Asia; feeds on beeswax and honey and larvae) }
{ Galbulidae, family_Galbulidae, bird_family,@ order_Piciformes,#m (jacamars) }
{ jacamar, piciform_bird,@ family_Galbulidae,#m (tropical American insectivorous bird having a long sharp bill and iridescent green or bronze plumage) }
{ Ramphastidae, family_Ramphastidae, bird_family,@ order_Piciformes,#m (toucans) }
{ toucan, piciform_bird,@ family_Ramphastidae,#m (brilliantly colored arboreal fruit-eating bird of tropical America having a very large thin-walled beak) }
{ Aulacorhyncus, genus_Aulacorhyncus, bird_genus,@ family_Ramphastidae,#m (a genus of Ramphastidae) }
{ toucanet, toucan,@ genus_Aulacorhyncus,#m (small toucan) }

{ Trogoniformes, order_Trogoniformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (trogons) }
{ Trogonidae, family_Trogonidae, bird_family,@ order_Trogoniformes,#m (coextensive with the order Trogoniformes) }
{ genus_Trogon, bird_genus,@ family_Trogonidae,#m (type genus of the Trogonidae) }
{ trogon, bird,@ family_Trogonidae,#m (forest bird of warm regions of the New World having brilliant lustrous plumage and long tails) }
{ Pharomacrus, genus_Pharomacrus, bird_genus,@ family_Trogonidae,#m (a genus of Trogonidae) }
{ quetzal, quetzal_bird, trogon,@ genus_Pharomacrus,#m (large trogon of Central America and South America having golden-green and scarlet plumage) }
{ resplendent_quetzel, resplendent_trogon, Pharomacrus_mocino, quetzal,@ (very rare Central American bird; the national bird of Guatemala) }

{ aquatic_bird, bird,@ (wading and swimming and diving birds of either fresh or salt water) }
{ waterfowl, water_bird, waterbird, aquatic_bird,@ (freshwater aquatic bird) }

{ Anseriformes, order_Anseriformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (ducks; geese; swans; screamers) }
{ anseriform_bird, waterfowl,@ order_Anseriformes,#m (chiefly web-footed swimming birds) }
{ Anatidae, family_Anatidae, bird_family,@ order_Anseriformes,#m (swimming birds having heavy short-legged bodies and bills with a horny tip: swans; geese; ducks) }
{ Anseres, suborder_Anseres, animal_order,@ order_Anseriformes,#m (used in some especially older classifications; coextensive with the family Anatidae) }
{ [ duck, noun.animal:duckling,+ ] anseriform_bird,@ family_Anatidae,#m (small wild or domesticated web-footed broad-billed swimming bird usually having a depressed body and short legs) }
{ drake, duck,@ (adult male of a wild or domestic duck) }
{ quack-quack, duck,@ (child's word for a duck) }
{ [ duckling, noun.animal:duck,+ ] duck,@ (young duck) }
{ [ diving_duck, dabbling_duck,!] duck,@ (any of various ducks of especially bays and estuaries that dive for their food) }
{ [ dabbling_duck, diving_duck,!] dabbler, duck,@ (any of numerous shallow-water ducks that feed by upending and dabbling) }
{ Anas, genus_Anas, bird_genus,@ family_Anatidae,#m (type genus of the Anatidae: freshwater ducks) }
{ mallard, Anas_platyrhynchos, duck,@ genus_Anas,#m (wild dabbling duck from which domestic ducks are descended; widely distributed) }
{ black_duck, Anas_rubripes, duck,@ genus_Anas,#m (a dusky duck of northeastern United States and Canada) }
{ teal, duck,@ genus_Anas,#m (any of various small short-necked dabbling river ducks of Europe and America) }
{ greenwing, green-winged_teal, Anas_crecca, teal,@ (common teal of Eurasia and North America) }
{ bluewing, blue-winged_teal, Anas_discors, teal,@ (American teal) }
{ garganey, Anas_querquedula, teal,@ (small Eurasian teal) }
{ widgeon, wigeon, Anas_penelope, duck,@ genus_Anas,#m (freshwater duck of Eurasia and northern Africa related to mallards and teals) }
{ American_widgeon, baldpate, Anas_americana, widgeon,@ (a widgeon the male of which has a white crown) }
{ shoveler, shoveller, broadbill2, Anas_clypeata, duck,@ genus_Anas,#m (freshwater duck of the northern hemisphere having a broad flat bill) }
{ pintail1, pin-tailed_duck, Anas_acuta, duck,@ genus_Anas,#m (long-necked river duck of the Old and New Worlds having elongated central tail feathers) }
{ Tadorna, genus_Tadorna, bird_genus,@ family_Anatidae,#m (sheldrakes) }
{ sheldrake1, duck,@ genus_Tadorna,#m (Old World gooselike duck slightly larger than a mallard with variegated mostly black-and-white plumage and a red bill) }
{ shelduck, sheldrake1,@ (female sheldrake) }
{ Oxyura, genus_Oxyura, bird_genus,@ family_Anatidae,#m (ruddy duck) }
{ ruddy_duck, Oxyura_jamaicensis, duck,@ genus_Oxyura,#m (reddish-brown stiff-tailed duck of North America and northern South America) }
{ Bucephala, genus_Bucephala, bird_genus,@ family_Anatidae,#m (buffleheads and goldeneyes) }
{ bufflehead, butterball, dipper1, Bucephela_albeola, duck,@ genus_Bucephala,#m (small North American diving duck; males have bushy head plumage) }
{ goldeneye1, whistler2, Bucephela_clangula, duck,@ genus_Bucephala,#m (large-headed swift-flying diving duck of Arctic regions) }
{ Barrow's_goldeneye, Bucephala_islandica, goldeneye1,@ (North American goldeneye diving duck) }
{ Aythya, genus_Aythya, bird_genus,@ family_Anatidae,#m (canvasback; redhead; pochard; etc.) }
{ canvasback, canvasback_duck, Aythya_valisineria, duck,@ genus_Aythya,#m (North American wild duck valued for sport and food) }
{ pochard, Aythya_ferina, duck,@ genus_Aythya,#m (heavy-bodied Old World diving duck having a grey-and-black body and reddish head) }
{ redhead2, Aythya_americana, duck,@ genus_Aythya,#m (North American diving duck with a grey-and-black body and reddish-brown head) }
{ scaup, scaup_duck, bluebill, broadbill3, duck,@ genus_Aythya,#m (diving ducks of North America having a bluish-grey bill) }
{ greater_scaup, Aythya_marila, scaup,@ (large scaup of North America having a greenish iridescence on the head of the male) }
{ lesser_scaup, lesser_scaup_duck, lake_duck, Aythya_affinis, scaup,@ (common scaup of North America; males have purplish heads) }
{ wild_duck, duck,@ (an undomesticated duck (especially a mallard)) }
{ Aix, genus_Aix, bird_genus,@ family_Anatidae,#m (wood duck and mandarin duck) }
{ wood_duck, summer_duck, wood_widgeon, Aix_sponsa, duck,@ genus_Aix,#m (showy North American duck that nests in hollow trees) }
{ wood_drake, wood_duck,@ (male wood duck) }
{ mandarin_duck, Aix_galericulata, duck,@ genus_Aix,#m (showy crested Asiatic duck; often domesticated) }
{ Cairina, genus_Cairina, bird_genus,@ family_Anatidae,#m (a genus of Anatidae) }
{ muscovy_duck, musk_duck, Cairina_moschata, duck,@ genus_Cairina,#m (large crested wild duck of Central America and South America; widely domesticated) }
{ sea_duck, duck,@ (any of various large diving ducks found along the seacoast: eider; scoter; merganser) }
{ Somateria, genus_Somateria, bird_genus,@ family_Anatidae,#m (eider ducks) }
{ eider, eider_duck, sea_duck,@ genus_Somateria,#m (duck of the northern hemisphere much valued for the fine soft down of the females) }
{ Melanitta, genus_Melanitta, bird_genus,@ family_Anatidae,#m (scoters) }
{ scoter, scooter, sea_duck,@ genus_Melanitta,#m (large black diving duck of northern parts of the northern hemisphere) }
{ common_scoter, Melanitta_nigra, scoter,@ (a variety of scoter) }
{ Clangula, genus_Clangula, bird_genus,@ (a genus of ducks) }
{ old_squaw, oldwife1, Clangula_hyemalis, sea_duck,@ genus_Clangula,#m (a common long-tailed sea duck of the northern parts of the United States) }
{ Merginae, subfamily_Merginae, bird_family,@ family_Anatidae,#m (mergansers and closely related diving birds) }
{ Mergus, genus_Mergus, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Merginae,#m (mergansers) }
{ merganser, fish_duck, sawbill, sheldrake2, sea_duck,@ genus_Mergus,#m (large crested fish-eating diving duck having a slender hooked bill with serrated edges) }
{ goosander, Mergus_merganser, merganser,@ genus_Mergus,#m (common merganser of Europe and North America) }
{ American_merganser, Mergus_merganser_americanus, merganser,@ genus_Mergus,#m (common North American diving duck considered a variety of the European goosander) }
{ red-breasted_merganser, Mergus_serrator, merganser,@ genus_Mergus,#m (widely distributed merganser of America and Europe) }
{ smew, Mergus_albellus, merganser,@ genus_Mergus,#m (smallest merganser and most expert diver; found in northern Eurasia) }
{ Lophodytes, genus_Lophodytes, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Merginae,#m (a genus of Merginae) }
{ hooded_merganser, hooded_sheldrake, Lophodytes_cucullatus, merganser,@ genus_Lophodytes,#m (small North American duck with a high circular crest on the male's head) }

{ [ goose, noun.animal:gosling,+ ] anseriform_bird,@ family_Anatidae,#m noun.group:gaggle,#m (web-footed long-necked typically gregarious migratory aquatic birds usually larger and less aquatic than ducks) }
{ [ gosling, noun.animal:goose,+ ] goose,@ (young goose) }
{ gander, goose,@ (mature male goose) }
{ Anser, genus_Anser, bird_genus,@ family_Anatidae,#m (typical geese) }
{ Chinese_goose, Anser_cygnoides, goose,@ genus_Anser,#m (very large wild goose of northeast Asia; interbreeds freely with the greylag) }
{ greylag, graylag, greylag_goose, graylag_goose, Anser_anser, goose,@ genus_Anser,#m (common grey wild goose of Europe; ancestor of many domestic breeds) }
{ Chen, subgenus_Chen, bird_genus,@ genus_Anser,#m (wild goose having white adult plumage) }
{ blue_goose, Chen_caerulescens, goose,@ subgenus_Chen,#m (North American wild goose having dark plumage in summer but white in winter) }
{ snow_goose, blue_goose,@ (blue goose in the white color phase) }
{ Branta, genus_Branta, bird_genus,@ family_Anatidae,#m (wild geese) }
{ brant, brant_goose, brent, brent_goose, goose,@ genus_Branta,#m (small dark geese that breed in the north and migrate southward) }
{ common_brant_goose, Branta_bernicla, brant,@ (the best known variety of brant goose) }
{ [ honker, verb.communication:honk,+ ] Canada_goose, Canadian_goose, Branta_canadensis, goose,@ genus_Branta,#m (common greyish-brown wild goose of North America with a loud, trumpeting call) }
{ barnacle_goose, barnacle2, Branta_leucopsis, goose,@ genus_Branta,#m (European goose smaller than the brant; breeds in the far north) }

{ Anserinae, subfamily_Anserinae, bird_family,@ family_Anatidae,#m (used in some classifications for the swans) }
{ genus_Coscoroba, bird_genus,@ family_Anatidae,#m (a genus of Anatidae) }
{ coscoroba, swan,@ genus_Coscoroba,#m (large white South American bird intermediate in some respects between ducks and swans) }
{ swan, aquatic_bird,@ family_Anatidae,#m (stately heavy-bodied aquatic bird with very long neck and usually white plumage as adult) }
{ cob1, swan,@ (adult male swan) }
{ pen, swan,@ (female swan) }
{ cygnet, swan,@ young_bird,@ (a young swan) }
{ Cygnus, genus_Cygnus, bird_genus,@ family_Anatidae,#m (a genus of Anatidae) }
{ mute_swan, Cygnus_olor, swan,@ genus_Cygnus,#m (soundless Eurasian swan; commonly domesticated) }
{ [ whooper, verb.communication:whoop,+ ] whooper_swan, Cygnus_cygnus, swan,@ genus_Cygnus,#m (common Old World swan noted for its whooping call) }
{ tundra_swan, Cygnus_columbianus, swan,@ genus_Cygnus,#m (swan that nests in tundra regions of the New and Old Worlds) }
{ whistling_swan, Cygnus_columbianus_columbianus, tundra_swan,@ (North American subspecies of tundra swan having a soft whistling note) }
{ Bewick's_swan, Cygnus_columbianus_bewickii, tundra_swan,@ (Eurasian subspecies of tundra swan; smaller than the whooper) }
{ trumpeter2, trumpeter_swan, Cygnus_buccinator, swan,@ genus_Cygnus,#m (large pure white wild swan of western North America having a sonorous cry) }
{ black_swan, Cygnus_atratus, swan,@ genus_Cygnus,#m (large Australian swan having black plumage and a red bill) }

{ Anhimidae, family_Anhimidae, bird_family,@ order_Anseriformes,#m (screamers) }
{ [ screamer, verb.communication:scream8,+ verb.communication:scream1,+ ] waterfowl,@ family_Anhimidae,#m (gooselike aquatic bird of South America having a harsh trumpeting call) }
{ Anhima, genus_Anhima, bird_genus,@ family_Anhimidae,#m (type genus of the Anhimidae; horned screamers) }
{ horned_screamer, Anhima_cornuta, screamer,@ genus_Anhima,#m (screamer having a hornlike process projecting from the forehead) }
{ Chauna, genus_Chauna, bird_genus,@ family_Anhimidae,#m (crested screamers) }
{ crested_screamer, screamer,@ genus_Chauna,#m (distinguished from the horned screamer by a feathery crest on the back of the head) }
{ chaja, Chauna_torquata, crested_screamer,@ (largest crested screamer; native to southern Brazil and Argentina) }

{ Mammalia, class_Mammalia, noun.group:class2,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by mammary glands in the female) }
{ mammal, [ mammalian, adj.pert:mammalian,+ ] vertebrate,@ class_Mammalia,#m (any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; young are born alive except for the small subclass of monotremes and nourished with milk) }
{ female_mammal, female,@ mammal,@ (animals that nourish their young with milk) }
{ mammal_family, noun.group:family3,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (a family of mammals) }
{ mammal_genus, noun.group:genus,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (a genus of mammals) }
{ tusker, mammal,@ (any mammal with prominent tusks (especially an elephant or wild boar)) }

{ Prototheria, subclass_Prototheria, noun.group:class2,@ class_Mammalia,#m (echidnas; platypus) }
{ prototherian, mammal,@ (primitive oviparous mammals found only in Australia and Tasmania and New Guinea) }
{ Monotremata, order_Monotremata, animal_order,@ subclass_Prototheria,#m (coextensive with the subclass Prototheria) }
{ monotreme, egg-laying_mammal, prototherian,@ (the most primitive mammals comprising the only extant members of the subclass Prototheria) }
{ Tachyglossidae, family_Tachyglossidae, mammal_family,@ order_Monotremata,#m (echidnas) }
{ Tachyglossus, genus_Tachyglossus, mammal_genus,@ family_Tachyglossidae,#m (type genus of the family Tachyglossidae) }
{ echidna1, spiny_anteater1, anteater2, egg-laying_mammal,@ genus_Tachyglossus,#m (a burrowing monotreme mammal covered with spines and having a long snout and claws for hunting ants and termites; native to Australia) }
{ Zaglossus, genus_Zaglossus, mammal_genus,@ family_Tachyglossidae,#m (a genus of Tachyglossidae) }
{ echidna2, spiny_anteater2, anteater3, egg-laying_mammal,@ genus_Zaglossus,#m (a burrowing monotreme mammal covered with spines and having a long snout and claws for hunting ants and termites; native to New Guinea) }
{ Ornithorhynchidae, family_Ornithorhynchidae, mammal_family,@ order_Monotremata,#m (platypus) }
{ Ornithorhynchus, genus_Ornithorhynchus, mammal_genus,@ family_Ornithorhynchidae,#m (type genus of the family Ornithorhynchidae) }
{ platypus, duckbill1, duckbilled_platypus, duck-billed_platypus, Ornithorhynchus_anatinus, egg-laying_mammal,@ genus_Ornithorhynchus,#m (small densely furred aquatic monotreme of Australia and Tasmania having a broad bill and tail and webbed feet; only species in the family Ornithorhynchidae) }

{ Pantotheria, subclass_Pantotheria, noun.group:class2,@ class_Mammalia,#m (generalized extinct mammals widespread during the Jurassic; commonly conceded to be ancestral to marsupial and placental mammals) }

{ Metatheria, subclass_Metatheria, noun.group:class2,@ class_Mammalia,#m (pouched animals) }
{ metatherian, mammal,@ (primitive pouched mammals found mainly in Australia and the Americas) }
{ Marsupialia, order_Marsupialia, animal_order,@ subclass_Metatheria,#m (coextensive with the subclass Metatheria) }
{ marsupial, pouched_mammal, metatherian,@ order_Marsupialia,#m (mammals of which the females have a pouch (the marsupium) containing the teats where the young are fed and carried) }

{ Didelphidae, family_Didelphidae, mammal_family,@ order_Marsupialia,#m (opossums) }
{ opossum1, possum1, marsupial,@ family_Didelphidae,#m (nocturnal arboreal marsupial having a naked prehensile tail found from southern North America to northern South America) }
{ Didelphis, genus_Didelphis, mammal_genus,@ family_Didelphidae,#m (type genus of the family Didelphidae) }
{ common_opossum, Didelphis_virginiana, Didelphis_marsupialis, opossum1,@ (omnivorous opossum of the eastern United States; noted for feigning death when in danger; esteemed as food in some areas; considered same species as the crab-eating opossum of South America) }
{ crab-eating_opossum, opossum1,@ genus_Didelphis,#m (South American opossum) }
{ Caenolestidae, family_Caenolestidae, mammal_family,@ order_Marsupialia,#m (small marsupials of southern South America) }
{ Caenolestes, genus_Caenolestes, mammal_genus,@ family_Caenolestidae,#m (type genus of the family Caenolestidae) }
{ opossum_rat, marsupial,@ genus_Caenolestes,#m (terrestrial marsupials of southern South America that resemble shrews) }

{ Peramelidae, family_Peramelidae, mammal_family,@ order_Marsupialia,#m (bandicoots) }
{ bandicoot, marsupial,@ family_Peramelidae,#m (any of various agile ratlike terrestrial marsupials of Australia and adjacent islands; insectivorous and herbivorous) }
{ Macrotis, genus_Macrotis, mammal_genus,@ family_Peramelidae,#m (a genus of Peramelidae) }
{ rabbit-eared_bandicoot, rabbit_bandicoot, bilby, Macrotis_lagotis, bandicoot,@ genus_Macrotis,#m (bandicoot with leathery ears like a rabbit) }

{ Macropodidae, family_Macropodidae, mammal_family,@ order_Marsupialia,#m (kangaroos; wallabies) }
{ kangaroo, marsupial,@ family_Macropodidae,#m (any of several herbivorous leaping marsupials of Australia and New Guinea having large powerful hind legs and a long thick tail) }
{ Macropus, genus_Macropus, mammal_genus,@ family_Macropodidae,#m (type genus of the family Macropodidae: typical kangaroos and wallabies) }
{ giant_kangaroo, great_grey_kangaroo, Macropus_giganteus, kangaroo,@ genus_Macropus,#m (very large greyish-brown Australian kangaroo formerly abundant in open wooded areas) }
{ wallaby, brush_kangaroo, kangaroo,@ (any of various small or medium-sized kangaroos; often brightly colored) }
{ common_wallaby, Macropus_agiles, wallaby,@ genus_Macropus,#m (a small wallaby having a height of 30 inches) }
{ Lagorchestes, genus_Lagorchestes, mammal_genus,@ family_Macropodidae,#m (hare wallabies) }
{ hare_wallaby, kangaroo_hare, wallaby,@ genus_Lagorchestes,#m (small Australian wallaby that resembles a hare and has persistent teeth) }
{ Onychogalea, genus_Onychogalea, mammal_genus,@ family_Macropodidae,#m (a genus of Macropodidae) }
{ nail-tailed_wallaby, nail-tailed_kangaroo, wallaby,@ genus_Onychogalea,#m (small wallabies with a horny nail on the tip of the tail) }
{ Petrogale, genus_Petrogale, mammal_genus,@ family_Macropodidae,#m (rock wallabies) }
{ rock_wallaby, rock_kangaroo, wallaby,@ genus_Petrogale,#m (slender long-legged Australian wallabies living in caves and rocky areas) }
{ Thylogale, genus_Thylogale, mammal_genus,@ family_Macropodidae,#m (pademelons) }
{ pademelon, paddymelon, wallaby,@ genus_Thylogale,#m (small reddish-brown wallabies of scrubby areas of Australia and New Guinea) }
{ Dendrolagus, genus_Dendrolagus, mammal_genus,@ family_Macropodidae,#m (tree wallabies) }
{ tree_wallaby, tree_kangaroo, wallaby,@ genus_Dendrolagus,#m (arboreal wallabies of New Guinea and northern Australia having hind and forelegs of similar length) }
{ Hypsiprymnodon, genus_Hypsiprymnodon, mammal_genus,@ family_Macropodidae,#m (musk kangaroos) }
{ musk_kangaroo, Hypsiprymnodon_moschatus, kangaroo,@ genus_Hypsiprymnodon,#m (small kangaroo of northeastern Australia) }
{ Potoroinae, subfamily_Potoroinae, mammal_family,@ family_Macropodidae,#m (rat kangaroos) }
{ rat_kangaroo, kangaroo_rat2, kangaroo,@ subfamily_Potoroinae,#m (any of several rabbit-sized ratlike Australian kangaroos) }
{ Potorous, genus_Potorous, mammal_genus,@ subfamily_Potoroinae,#m (potoroos) }
{ potoroo, rat_kangaroo,@ genus_Potorous,#m (Australian rat kangaroos) }
{ Bettongia, genus_Bettongia, mammal_genus,@ subfamily_Potoroinae,#m (jerboa kangaroo) }
{ bettong, rat_kangaroo,@ genus_Bettongia,#m (short-nosed rat kangaroo) }
{ jerboa_kangaroo, kangaroo_jerboa, rat_kangaroo,@ genus_Bettongia,#m (brush-tailed rat kangaroo) }

{ Phalangeridae, family_Phalangeridae, mammal_family,@ order_Marsupialia,#m (phalangers; koalas) }
{ phalanger, opossum2, possum2, marsupial,@ family_Phalangeridae,#m (small furry Australian arboreal marsupials having long usually prehensile tails) }
{ genus_Phalanger, mammal_genus,@ family_Phalangeridae,#m (type genus of the family Phalangeridae: cuscuses) }
{ cuscus, phalanger,@ genus_Phalanger,#m (woolly-haired monkey-like arboreal marsupial of New Guinea and northern Australia) }
{ Trichosurus, genus_Trichosurus, mammal_genus,@ family_Phalangeridae,#m (a genus of Phalangeridae) }
{ brush-tailed_phalanger, Trichosurus_vulpecula, phalanger,@ genus_Trichosurus,#m (bushy-tailed phalanger) }
{ Petaurus, genus_Petaurus, mammal_genus,@ family_Phalangeridae,#m (a genus of Phalangeridae) }
{ flying_phalanger, flying_opossum, flying_squirrel2, phalanger,@ genus_Petaurus,#m (nocturnal phalangers that move with gliding leaps using parachute-like folds of skin along the sides of the body) }
{ Acrobates, genus_Acrobates, mammal_genus,@ family_Phalangeridae,#m (a genus of Phalangeridae) }
{ flying_mouse, flying_phalanger,@ genus_Acrobates,#m (tiny flying phalanger) }
{ Phascolarctos, genus_Phascolarctos, mammal_genus,@ family_Phalangeridae,#m (koalas) }
{ koala, koala_bear, kangaroo_bear, native_bear, Phascolarctos_cinereus, phalanger,@ (sluggish tailless Australian arboreal marsupial with grey furry ears and coat; feeds on eucalyptus leaves and bark) }

{ Vombatidae, family_Vombatidae, mammal_family,@ order_Marsupialia,#m (wombats) }
{ wombat, marsupial,@ family_Vombatidae,#m (burrowing herbivorous Australian marsupials about the size of a badger) }

{ Dasyuridae, family_Dasyuridae, family_Dasyurinae, mammal_family,@ order_Marsupialia,#m (dasyures; native cats; pouched mice; banded anteaters; Tasmanian devils) }
{ dasyurid_marsupial, dasyurid, marsupial,@ family_Dasyuridae,#m (small carnivorous nocturnal marsupials of Australia and Tasmania) }
{ Dasyurus, genus_Dasyurus, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasyuridae,#m (type genus of the family Dasyuridae: native cats) }
{ dasyure, dasyurid_marsupial,@ genus_Dasyurus,#m (any of several more or less arboreal marsupials somewhat resembling martens) }
{ eastern_dasyure, Dasyurus_quoll, dasyure,@ (a variety of dasyure) }
{ native_cat, Dasyurus_viverrinus, dasyure,@ (carnivorous arboreal cat-like marsupials of Australia and Tasmania) }
{ Thylacinus, genus_Thylacinus, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasyuridae,#m (Tasmanian wolf) }
{ thylacine, Tasmanian_wolf, Tasmanian_tiger, Thylacinus_cynocephalus, dasyurid_marsupial,@ genus_Thylacinus,#m (rare doglike carnivorous marsupial of Tasmania having stripes on its back; probably extinct) }
{ Sarcophilus, genus_Sarcophilus, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasyuridae,#m (Tasmanian devil) }
{ Tasmanian_devil, ursine_dasyure, Sarcophilus_hariisi, dasyurid_marsupial,@ genus_Sarcophilus,#m (small ferocious carnivorous marsupial having a mostly black coat and long tail) }
{ Phascogale, genus_Phascogale, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasyuridae,#m (pouched mice) }
{ pouched_mouse, marsupial_mouse, marsupial_rat, dasyurid_marsupial,@ genus_Phascogale,#m (any of numerous small sharp-nosed insectivorous marsupials superficially resembling mice or rats) }
{ Myrmecobius, genus_Myrmecobius, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasyuridae,#m (banded anteater) }
{ numbat, banded_anteater, anteater5, Myrmecobius_fasciatus, dasyurid_marsupial,@ genus_Myrmecobius,#m (small Australian marsupial having long snout and strong claws for feeding on termites; nearly extinct) }
{ Notoryctidae, family_Notoryctidae, mammal_family,@ order_Marsupialia,#m (pouched moles) }
{ Notoryctus, genus_Notoryctus, mammal_genus,@ family_Notoryctidae,#m (type genus of the family Notoryctidae: comprising solely the marsupial mole) }
{ pouched_mole, marsupial_mole, Notoryctus_typhlops, marsupial,@ genus_Notoryctus,#m (small burrowing Australian marsupial that resembles a mole) }

{ [ Eutheria, adj.pert:eutherian,+ ] subclass_Eutheria, noun.group:class2,@ class_Mammalia,#m (all mammals except monotremes and marsupials) }
{ [ placental, adj.all:placental,+ ] placental_mammal, eutherian, eutherian_mammal, mammal,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (mammals having a placenta; all mammals except monotremes and marsupials) }
{ livestock, [ stock, noun.animal:stocker,+ ] farm_animal, placental_mammal,@ (any animals kept for use or profit) }
{ bull2, placental_mammal,@ (mature male of various mammals of which the female is called `cow'; e.g. whales or elephants or especially cattle) }
{ cow2, placental_mammal,@ (mature female of mammals of which the male is called `bull') }
{ calf, young_mammal,@ cattle,#m (young of domestic cattle) }
{ calf1, young_mammal,@ (young of various large placental mammals e.g. whale or giraffe or elephant or buffalo) }
{ yearling1, placental_mammal,@ (an animal in its second year) }
{ [ buck, verb.motion:buck,+ ] placental_mammal,@ (mature male of various mammals (especially deer or antelope)) }
{ doe, placental_mammal,@ (mature female of mammals of which the male is called `buck') }
(==OK OK above)

{ Insectivora, order_Insectivora, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (shrews; moles; hedgehogs; tenrecs) }
{ Lipotyphla, suborder_Lipotyphla, animal_order,@ order_Insectivora,#m (moles; hedgehogs; true shrews) }
{ Menotyphla, suborder_Menotyphla, animal_order,@ order_Insectivora,#m (elephant shrews; tree shrews) }
{ [ insectivore, adj.all:insectivorous,+ ] placental_mammal,@ order_Insectivora,#m (small insect-eating mainly nocturnal terrestrial or fossorial mammals) }
{ Talpidae, family_Talpidae, mammal_family,@ order_Insectivora,#m (moles) }
{ mole, insectivore,@ family_Talpidae,#m (small velvety-furred burrowing mammal having small eyes and fossorial forefeet) }
{ Condylura, genus_Condylura, mammal_genus,@ family_Talpidae,#m (star-nosed moles) }
{ starnose_mole, star-nosed_mole, Condylura_cristata, mole,@ (amphibious mole of eastern North America having pink fleshy tentacles around the nose) }
{ Parascalops, genus_Parascalops, mammal_genus,@ family_Talpidae,#m (brewer's moles) }
{ brewer's_mole, hair-tailed_mole, Parascalops_breweri, mole,@ (mole of eastern North America) }
{ Chrysochloridae, family_Chrysochloridae, mammal_family,@ order_Insectivora,#m (golden moles) }
{ Chrysochloris, genus_Chrysochloris, mammal_genus,@ family_Chrysochloridae,#m (type genus of the Chrysochloridae) }
{ golden_mole, mole,@ genus_Chrysochloris,#m (mole of southern Africa having iridescent guard hairs mixed with the underfur) }
{ Uropsilus, genus_Uropsilus, mammal_genus,@ family_Talpidae,#m (shrew moles) }
{ shrew_mole, mole,@ genus_Uropsilus,#m (slender mole having a long snout and tail) }
{ Asiatic_shrew_mole, Uropsilus_soricipes, shrew_mole,@ genus_Uropsilus,#m (shrew mole of eastern Asia) }
{ Neurotrichus, genus_Neurotrichus, mammal_genus,@ family_Talpidae,#m (shrew moles) }
{ American_shrew_mole, Neurotrichus_gibbsii, shrew_mole,@ genus_Neurotrichus,#m (greyish-black shrew mole of the United States and Canada) }

{ Soricidae, family_Soricidae, mammal_family,@ order_Insectivora,#m (shrews) }
{ shrew, shrewmouse, insectivore,@ family_Soricidae,#m (small mouselike mammal with a long snout; related to moles) }
{ Sorex, genus_Sorex, mammal_genus,@ family_Soricidae,#m (type genus of the family Soricidae: shrews) }
{ common_shrew, Sorex_araneus, shrew,@ genus_Sorex,#m (common American shrew) }
{ masked_shrew, Sorex_cinereus, shrew,@ (commonest shrew of moist habitats in North America) }
{ Blarina, genus_Blarina, mammal_genus,@ family_Soricidae,#m (shrews) }
{ short-tailed_shrew, Blarina_brevicauda, shrew,@ genus_Blarina,#m (North American shrew with tail less than half its body length) }
{ water_shrew, shrew,@ (any of several small semiaquatic shrews usually living near swift-flowing streams) }
{ American_water_shrew, Sorex_palustris, water_shrew,@ genus_Sorex,#m (water shrew of North America) }
{ Neomys, genus_Neomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Soricidae,#m (a genus of Soricidae) }
{ European_water_shrew, Neomys_fodiens, water_shrew,@ genus_Neomys,#m (widely distributed Old World water shrew) }
{ Mediterranean_water_shrew, Neomys_anomalus, water_shrew,@ genus_Neomys,#m (a type of water shrew) }
{ Cryptotis, genus_Cryptotis, mammal_genus,@ family_Soricidae,#m (least shrews) }
{ least_shrew, Cryptotis_parva, shrew,@ (small brown shrew of grassy regions of eastern United States) }
{ Erinaceidae, family_Erinaceidae, mammal_family,@ order_Insectivora,#m (true hedgehogs) }
{ Erinaceus, genus_Erinaceus, mammal_genus,@ family_Erinaceidae,#m (type genus of the family Erinaceidae: hedgehogs) }
{ hedgehog, Erinaceus_europaeus, Erinaceus_europeaeus, insectivore,@ genus_Erinaceus,#m (small nocturnal Old World mammal covered with both hair and protective spines) }
{ Tenrecidae, family_Tenrecidae, mammal_family,@ order_Insectivora,#m (tenrecs and extinct related forms) }
{ tenrec, tendrac, insectivore,@ family_Tenrecidae,#m (small often spiny insectivorous mammal of Madagascar; resembles a hedgehog) }
{ genus_Tenrec, mammal_genus,@ family_Tenrecidae,#m (type genus of the family Tenrecidae: tenrecs) }
{ tailless_tenrec, Tenrec_ecaudatus, tenrec,@ genus_Tenrec,#m (prolific animal that feeds chiefly on earthworms) }
{ Potamogalidae, family_Potamogalidae, mammal_family,@ order_Insectivora,#m (otter shrews) }
{ genus_Potamogale, mammal_genus,@ family_Potamogalidae,#m (type genus of the family Potamogalidae: otter shrews) }
{ otter_shrew, potamogale, Potamogale_velox, insectivore,@ genus_Potamogale,#m (amphibious African insectivorous mammal that resembles an otter) }

{ [ chine, verb.contact:chine,+ ] noun.body:backbone,@ (backbone of an animal) }
{ saddle, noun.body:body_part,@ noun.body:back,#p fowl,#p (posterior part of the back of a domestic fowl) }
{ furcula, noun.body:bone,@ bird,#p (a forked bone formed by the fusion of the clavicles of most birds) }
{ wishbone, wishing_bone, furcula,@ noun.food:fowl,#p (the furcula of a domestic fowl) }
{ [ cuticula, adj.pert:cuticular,+ ] carapace,@ (the outer body wall of an insect) }
{ hide, pelt, [ skin1, verb.contact:skin2,+ ] noun.body:body_covering,@ (body covering of a living animal) }
{ [ hypodermis, adj.pert:hypodermic,+ adj.pert:hypodermal,+ ] layer,@ noun.body:body_covering,#p (layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle in e.g. arthropods) }
{ [ feather, adj.all:feathered^feathery2,+ adj.all:feathered^feathery1,+ adj.all:adorned^feathery,+ verb.contact:feather,+ verb.body:feather,+ ] [ plume, verb.creation:plume,+ verb.contact:plume,+ ] plumage, noun.body:body_covering,@ noun.substance:animal_material,@ bird,#p (the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds) }
{ [ down, adj.all:soft1^downy,+ ] down_feather, feather,@ (soft fine feathers) }
{ duck_down, down,@ duck,#p (down of the duck) }
{ eiderdown, duck_down,@ eider,#p noun.artifact:eiderdown,#s (down of the eider duck) }
{ goose_down, down,@ goose,#p (down of the goose) }
{ swan's_down, down,@ swan,#p (down of the swan) }
{ plumule, down,@ (down feather of young birds; persists in some adult birds) }
{ aftershaft, plume,@ (a supplementary feather (usually small) on the underside of the base of the shaft of some feathers in some birds) }
{ sickle_feather, tail_feather,@ (one of the long curved tail feathers of a rooster) }
{ contour_feather, feather,@ (feathers covering the body of an adult bird and determining its shape) }
{ bastard_wing, [ alula, adj.pert:alular,+ ] spurious_wing, feather,@ wing,#p (tuft of small stiff feathers on the first digit of a bird's wing) }
{ marabou2, feather,@ marabou1,#p (the downy feathers of marabou storks are used for trimming garments) }
{ vane, web1, noun.body:blade,@ feather,#p (the flattened weblike part of a feather consisting of a series of barbs on either side of the shaft) }
{ barb, noun.substance:filament,@ vane,#p (one of the parallel filaments projecting from the main shaft of a feather) }
{ web2, noun.body:membrane,@ webfoot,#p (membrane connecting the toes of some aquatic birds and mammals) }
{ hackle, feather,@ (long slender feather on the necks of e.g. turkeys and pheasants) }
{ saddle_hackle, saddle_feather, hackle,@ (a long narrow feather on the back (saddle) of a domestic fowl) }

{ coat, pelage, noun.body:hair,@ mammal,#p (growth of hair or wool or fur covering the body of an animal) }
{ guard_hair, noun.body:hair,@ fur,#p (coarse hairs that form the outer fur and protect the underfur of certain mammals) }
{ [ fur, adj.all:hairy^furry,+ ] coat,@ (dense coat of fine silky hairs on mammals (e.g., cat or seal or weasel)) }
{ undercoat, underfur, fur,@ (thick soft fur lying beneath the longer and coarser guard hair) }
{ underpart, noun.body:body_part,@ (a part lying on the lower side or underneath an animal's body; "the warbler has a white throat and underparts"; "a woodland mouse with white underparts") }
{ [ wool, adj.all:hairy^wooly,+ adj.all:hairy^woolly,+ ] [ fleece, verb.contact:fleece,+ ] coat,@ (outer coat of especially sheep and yaks) }
{ mane, noun.body:hair,@ lion,#p (long coarse hair growing from the crest of the animal's neck) }
{ encolure, mane,@ horse,#p (the mane of a horse) }
{ forelock, foretop, noun.body:hair,@ encolure,#p (a lock of a horse's mane that grows forward between the ears) }
{ [ hair2, adj.all:hairy,+ ] noun.body:process,@ (a filamentous projection or process on an organism) }
{ cirrus, noun.body:process,@ (a slender flexible animal appendage as on barnacles or crinoids or many insects; often tactile) }
{ [ spine, adj.pert:spinal,+ adj.all:pointed^spinous,+ ] noun.body:process,@ (a sharp rigid animal process or appendage; as a porcupine quill or a ridge on a bone or a ray of a fish fin) }
{ ray1, spine,@ fin,#p (any of the stiff bony spines in the fin of a fish) }
{ quill1, spine,@ porcupine,#p hedgehog,#p (a stiff hollow protective spine on a porcupine or hedgehog) }
{ aculea, noun.body:process,@ (small spiny outgrowth on the wings of certain insects) }
{ aculeus, stinger,@ (a sharp-pointed process especially a sting of a hymenopterous insect) }
{ style, noun.body:process,@ (a slender bristlelike or tubular process; "a cartilaginous style") }
{ stylet, style,@ tardigrade,#p (small needlelike appendage; especially the feeding organ of a tardigrade) }
{ villus, noun.body:process,@ (a minute hairlike projection on mucous membrane) }
{ [ bristle, verb.motion:bristle,+ ] hair2,@ (a stiff hair) }
{ [ chaeta, adj.pert:chaetal,+ ] seta,@ (a stiff chitinous seta or bristle especially of an annelid worm) }
{ [ whisker, adj.all:unshaven^whiskery,+ verb.possession:whisker,+ ] vibrissa, sensory_hair, hair2,@ (a long stiff hair growing from the snout or brow of most mammals as e.g. a cat) }
{ [ seta, adj.all:armed2^setaceous,+ ] hair2,@ (a stiff hair or bristle) }
{ pilus, hair2,@ microorganism,#p (hairlike structure especially on the surface of a cell or microorganism) }
{ horseback, noun.body:body_part,@ horse,#p (the back of a horse) }
{ operculum, noun.body:plate,@ (a hard flap serving as a cover for (a) the gill slits in fishes or (b) the opening of the shell in certain gastropods when the body is retracted) }
{ protective_covering, noun.body:body_covering,@ (the tough natural covering of some organisms) }
{ armor, armour, protective_covering,@ (tough more-or-less rigid protective covering of an animal or plant) }
{ [ scale, adj.all:rough^scaly,+ adj.all:armored2^scaly,+ adj.all:armored2^scaley,+ verb.contact:scale,+ ] noun.object:natural_covering,@ (a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals) }
{ fish_scale, scale,@ fish,#p (scale of the kind that covers the bodies of fish) }
{ squama, scale,@ (a protective structure resembling a scale) }
{ scute, protective_covering,@ (large bony or horny plate as on an armadillo or turtle or the underside of a snake) }
{ sclerite, protective_covering,@ arthropod,#p (hard plate or element of the exoskeleton of some arthropods) }
{ clypeus, protective_covering,@ insect,#p (a shield-like plate on the front of an insect's head) }
{ carapace, shell2, [ cuticle, adj.pert:cuticular,+ ] shield, scute,@ mollusk,#p arthropod,#p turtle,#p (hard outer covering or case of certain organisms such as arthropods and turtles) }
{ plastron, noun.body:exoskeleton,@ turtle,#p noun.cognition:zoology,;c ((zoology) the part of a turtle's shell forming its underside) }
{ [ shell1, verb.change:shell,+ verb.contact:shell8,+ ] noun.object:natural_covering,@ (the hard largely calcareous covering of a mollusc or a brachiopod) }
{ valve, shell1,@ (one of the paired hinged shells of certain molluscs and of brachiopods) }
{ valve1, shell1,@ (the entire one-piece shell of a snail and certain other molluscs) }
{ test, noun.object:natural_covering,@ (a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins) }
{ scallop_shell, shell1,@ (a shell of a scallop) }
{ oyster_shell, shell1,@ (a shell of an oyster) }
{ phragmocone, phragmacone, shell1,@ (the thin conical chambered internal shell (either straight or curved) of a belemnite) }
{ apodeme, noun.body:structure,@ arthropod,#p (ridge-like ingrowth of the exoskeleton of an arthropod that supports internal organs and provides attachment points for muscles) }
{ theca2, noun.body:sheath,@ (outer sheath of the pupa of certain insects) }
{ lorica, noun.body:sheath,@ (a hard protective sheath (as secreted by certain protoctists, for example)) }
{ coelenteron, noun.body:sac,@ coelenterate,#p (the saclike body cavity of a coelenterate) }

{ invertebrate, noun.Tops:animal,@ (any animal lacking a backbone or notochord; the term is not used as a scientific classification) }
{ zoophyte, invertebrate,@ (any of various invertebrate animals resembling a plant such as a sea anemone or coral or sponge) }

{ Parazoa, subkingdom_Parazoa, noun.group:subkingdom,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (multicellular organisms having less-specialized cells than in the Metazoa; comprises the single phylum Porifera) }
{ Porifera, phylum_Porifera, noun.group:phylum,@ subkingdom_Parazoa,#m (coextensive with the subkingdom Parazoa: sponges) }
{ [ sponge, adj.all:soft1^spongy,+ verb.contact:sponge3,+ ] poriferan, parazoan, invertebrate,@ phylum_Porifera,#m (primitive multicellular marine animal whose porous body is supported by a fibrous skeletal framework; usually occurs in sessile colonies) }
{ sponge_genus, noun.group:genus,@ phylum_Porifera,#m (a genus of Porifera) }
{ flagellated_cell, noun.Tops:cell,@ (any cell or one-celled organism equipped with a flagellum) }
{ choanocyte, collar_cell, flagellated_cell,@ (any of the flagellated cells in sponges having a collar of cytoplasm around the flagellum; they maintain a flow of water through the body) }
{ Hyalospongiae, class_Hyalospongiae, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Porifera,#m (sponges with siliceous spicules that have six rays; choanocytes are restricted to finger-shaped chambers) }
{ glass_sponge, sponge,@ class_Hyalospongiae,#m (a siliceous sponge (with glassy spicules) of the class Hyalospongiae) }
{ Euplectella, genus_Euplectella, sponge_genus,@ class_Hyalospongiae,#m (a genus of Hyalospongiae) }
{ Venus's_flower_basket, glass_sponge,@ genus_Euplectella,#m (a deep-water marine sponge having a cylindrical skeleton of intricate glassy latticework; found in the waters of the East Indies and the eastern coast of Asia) }

{ coelenterate_family, noun.group:family3,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (a family of coelenterates) }
{ coelenterate_genus, noun.group:genus,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (a genus of coelenterates) }

{ Metazoa, subkingdom_Metazoa, noun.group:subkingdom,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (multicellular animals having cells differentiated into tissues and organs and usually a digestive cavity and nervous system) }
{ metazoan, noun.Tops:animal,@ Metazoa,#m (any animal of the subkingdom Metazoa; all animals except protozoans and sponges) }
{ Cnidaria, phylum_Cnidaria, Coelenterata, phylum_Coelenterata, noun.group:phylum,@ subkingdom_Metazoa,#m (hydras; polyps; jellyfishes; sea anemones; corals) }
{ coelenterate, cnidarian, invertebrate,@ phylum_Cnidaria,#m (radially symmetrical animals having saclike bodies with only one opening and tentacles with stinging structures; they occur in polyp and medusa forms) }
{ planula, hydrozoan,@ (the flat ciliated free-swimming larva of hydrozoan coelenterates) }
{ polyp, coelenterate,@ phylum_Cnidaria,#m (one of two forms that coelenterates take (e.g. a hydra or coral): usually sedentary with a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth; "in some species of coelenterate, polyps are a phase in the life cycle that alternates with a medusoid phase") }
{ medusa1, medusoid, medusan, coelenterate,@ phylum_Cnidaria,#m (one of two forms that coelenterates take: it is the free-swimming sexual phase in the life cycle of a coelenterate; in this phase it has a gelatinous umbrella-shaped body and tentacles) }
{ Scyphozoa, class_Scyphozoa, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Cnidaria,#m (coelenterates in which the polyp stage is absent or at least inconspicuous: jellyfishes) }
{ jellyfish, coelenterate,@ phylum_Cnidaria,#m (any of numerous usually marine and free-swimming coelenterates that constitute the sexually reproductive forms of hydrozoans and scyphozoans) }
{ Aegina, jellyfish,@ (small medusa) }
{ scyphozoan, coelenterate,@ class_Scyphozoa,#m (any of various usually free-swimming marine coelenterates having a gelatinous medusoid stage as the dominant phase of its life cycle) }
{ Chrysaora, genus_Chrysaora, coelenterate_genus,@ class_Scyphozoa,#m (a genus of Scyphozoa) }
{ Chrysaora_quinquecirrha, jellyfish,@ genus_Chrysaora,#m (a type of jellyfish) }

{ Hydrozoa, class_Hydrozoa, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Cnidaria,#m (coelenterates typically having alternation of generations; hydroid phase is usually colonial giving rise to the medusoid phase by budding: hydras and jellyfishes) }
{ hydrozoan, hydroid, coelenterate,@ class_Hydrozoa,#m (colonial coelenterates having the polyp phase dominant) }
{ genus_Hydra, coelenterate_genus,@ class_Hydrozoa,#m (hydras) }
{ hydra, hydrozoan,@ genus_Hydra,#m (small tubular solitary freshwater hydrozoan polyp) }
{ Siphonophora, order_Siphonophora, animal_order,@ class_Hydrozoa,#m (marine colonial hydrozoans) }
{ siphonophore, hydrozoan,@ order_Siphonophora,#m (a floating or swimming oceanic colony of polyps often transparent or showily colored) }
{ genus_Nanomia, coelenterate_genus,@ order_Siphonophora,#m (a genus of Siphonophora) }
{ nanomia, siphonophore,@ genus_Nanomia,#m (small creatures resembling pieces of fuzzy rope; each with a cluster of swimming bells serving as the head and long elastic tentacles for drawing in prey) }
{ Physalia, genus_Physalia, coelenterate_genus,@ order_Siphonophora,#m (Portuguese man-of-war) }
{ Portuguese_man-of-war, man-of-war, jellyfish3, siphonophore,@ genus_Physalia,#m (large siphonophore having a bladderlike float and stinging tentacles) }
{ praya, siphonophore,@ (colonial siphonophore of up to 130 ft long) }
{ apolemia, siphonophore,@ (large siphonophore of up to 50 ft long) }
{ Sertularia, genus_Sertularia, coelenterate_genus,@ class_Hydrozoa,#m (sessile hydroid that forms feathery colonies) }
{ sertularian, hydrozoan,@ genus_Sertularia,#m (feathery colony of long-branched stems bearing stalkless paired polyps) }
{ Anthozoa, class_Anthozoa, Actinozoa, class_Actinozoa, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Cnidaria,#m (a large class of sedentary marine coelenterates that includes sea anemones and corals; the medusoid phase is entirely suppressed) }
{ anthozoan, actinozoan, coelenterate,@ class_Anthozoa,#m (sessile marine coelenterates including solitary and colonial polyps; the medusoid phase is entirely suppressed) }
{ Actiniaria, order_Actiniaria, Actinaria, order_Actinaria, animal_order,@ class_Anthozoa,#m (sea anemones) }
{ sea_anemone, anemone, anthozoan,@ order_Actiniaria,#m (marine polyps that resemble flowers but have oral rings of tentacles; differ from corals in forming no hard skeleton) }
{ actinia2, actinian, actiniarian, sea_anemone,@ order_Actiniaria,#m (any sea anemone or related animal) }
{ Actinia, genus_Actinia, coelenterate_genus,@ order_Actiniaria,#m (a genus of sea anemone common in rock pools) }

{ Alcyonaria, order_Alcyonaria, animal_order,@ class_Anthozoa,#m (corals and sea anemones having eight branches) }
{ Alcyonacea, suborder_Alcyonacea, animal_order,@ order_Alcyonaria,#m (comprising the soft corals) }
{ Pennatulidae, family_Pennatulidae, coelenterate_family,@ order_Alcyonaria,#m (sea pens) }
{ Pennatula, genus_Pennatula, coelenterate_genus,@ family_Pennatulidae,#m (type genus of the family Pennatulidae: sea pens) }
{ sea_pen, anthozoan,@ genus_Pennatula,#m (fleshy featherlike warm-water colonies) }
{ coral, anthozoan,@ (marine colonial polyp characterized by a calcareous skeleton; masses in a variety of shapes often forming reefs) }
{ Gorgonacea, suborder_Gorgonacea, Gorgoniacea, suborder_Gorgoniacea, animal_order,@ order_Alcyonaria,#m (red corals and sea fans) }
{ gorgonian, gorgonian_coral, coral,@ suborder_Gorgonacea,#m (corals having a horny or calcareous branching skeleton) }
{ sea_feather, gorgonian,@ (corals forming featherlike colonies) }
{ sea_fan, gorgonian,@ (corals having a treelike or fan-shaped horny skeleton) }
{ red_coral, gorgonian,@ (corals of especially the Mediterranean having pink or red color used for ornaments and jewelry) }
{ Madreporaria, order_Madreporaria, animal_order,@ class_Anthozoa,#m (stony corals) }
{ stony_coral, madrepore, madriporian_coral, coral,@ order_Madreporaria,#m (corals having calcareous skeletons aggregations of which form reefs and islands) }
{ Maeandra, genus_Maeandra, coelenterate_genus,@ order_Madreporaria,#m (brain corals) }
{ brain_coral, stony_coral,@ genus_Maeandra,#m (massive reef-building coral having a convoluted and furrowed surface) }
{ Acropora, genus_Acropora, coelenterate_genus,@ order_Madreporaria,#m (coelenterate genus of order Madreporaria, including staghorn corals) }
{ staghorn_coral, stag's-horn_coral, stony_coral,@ genus_Acropora,#m (large branching coral resembling antlers) }
{ Fungia, genus_Fungia, coelenterate_genus,@ order_Madreporaria,#m (a genus comprising the usual mushroom corals) }
{ mushroom_coral, stony_coral,@ (flattened disk-shaped stony coral (usually solitary and unattached)) }

{ ctenophore_family, noun.group:family3,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (a family of ctenophores) }
{ ctenophore_genus, noun.group:genus,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (a genus of ctenophores) }
{ Ctenophora, phylum_Ctenophora, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (comb jellies; sea acorns; a small phylum formerly considered a class of Coelenterata) }
{ ctene, comb-plate, noun.body:organ,@ ctenophore,#p (a locomotor organ consisting of a row of strong cilia whose bases are fused) }
{ ctenophore, comb_jelly, invertebrate,@ phylum_Ctenophora,#m (biradially symmetrical hermaphroditic solitary marine animals resembling jellyfishes having for locomotion eight rows of cilia arranged like teeth in a comb) }
{ Nuda, class_Nuda, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Ctenophora,#m (ctenophores lacking tentacles; comprises one genus: beroe) }
{ genus_Beroe, ctenophore_genus,@ class_Nuda,#m (coextensive with the class Nuda) }
{ beroe, ctenophore,@ genus_Beroe,#m (delicately iridescent thimble-shaped ctenophores) }
{ Tentaculata, class_Tentaculata, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Ctenophora,#m (ctenophores have retractile tentacles) }
{ Cydippida, order_Cydippida, Cydippidea, order_Cydippidea, Cydippea, order_Cydippea, animal_order,@ class_Tentaculata,#m (ctenophores having two long pinnate tentacles) }
{ Platyctenea, order_Platyctenea, animal_order,@ class_Tentaculata,#m (an order of Tentaculata) }
{ platyctenean, ctenophore,@ order_Platyctenea,#m (ctenophore have long tentacles and flattened body) }
{ Pleurobrachiidae, family_Pleurobrachiidae, ctenophore_family,@ phylum_Ctenophora,#m (sea gooseberries) }
{ Pleurobrachia, genus_Pleurobrachia, ctenophore_genus,@ phylum_Ctenophora,#m (sea gooseberries) }
{ sea_gooseberry, ctenophore,@ genus_Pleurobrachia,#m (ctenophore having a rounded body with longitudinal rows of cilia) }
{ Cestida, order_Cestida, animal_order,@ class_Tentaculata,#m (ctenophore having short tentacles; one family) }
{ Cestidae, family_Cestidae, ctenophore_family,@ order_Cestida,#m (coextensive with the order Cestida; ctenophores having a greatly flattened and elongated body) }
{ Cestum, genus_Cestum, ctenophore_genus,@ family_Cestidae,#m (Venus's girdle) }
{ Venus's_girdle, Cestum_veneris, ctenophore,@ genus_Cestum,#m (ctenophore having a ribbon-shaped iridescent gelatinous body) }
{ Lobata, order_Lobata, animal_order,@ class_Tentaculata,#m (ctenophore having tentacles only in the immature stage; body compressed vertically having two large oral lobes and four pointed processes) }
{ comb, noun.body:plate,@ ctenophore,#p (ciliated comb-like swimming plate of a ctenophore) }

{ worm_family, noun.group:family3,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (a family of worms) }
{ worm_genus, noun.group:genus,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (a genus of worms) }

{ [ worm, adj.all:worn^wormy,+ ] invertebrate,@ (any of numerous relatively small elongated soft-bodied animals especially of the phyla Annelida and Chaetognatha and Nematoda and Nemertea and Platyhelminthes; also many insect larvae) }
{ helminth, parasitic_worm, worm,@ phylum_Nematoda,#m class_Trematoda,#m class_Cestoda,#m (worm that is parasitic on the intestines of vertebrates especially roundworms and tapeworms and flukes) }
{ woodworm, worm,@ (a larva of a woodborer) }
{ woodborer, [ borer, verb.contact:bore,+ ] invertebrate,@ (any of various insects or larvae or mollusks that bore into wood) }
{ Acanthocephala, phylum_Acanthocephala, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (phylum or class of elongated wormlike parasites that live in the intestines of vertebrates: spiny-headed worms) }
{ acanthocephalan, spiny-headed_worm, worm,@ phylum_Acanthocephala,#m (any of various worms living parasitically in intestines of vertebrates having a retractile proboscis covered with many hooked spines) }
{ [ Chaetognatha, adj.pert:chaetognathous,+ adj.pert:chaetognathan,+ ] phylum_Chaetognatha, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (arrowworms: a group of small active transparent marine worms) }
{ arrowworm, chaetognath, worm,@ phylum_Chaetognatha,#m (any worm of the Chaetognatha; transparent marine worm with horizontal lateral and caudal fins and a row of movable curved spines at each side of the mouth) }
{ genus_Sagitta, worm_genus,@ phylum_Chaetognatha,#m (chief genus of Chaetognatha including the largest arrowworms) }
{ sagitta, arrowworm,@ genus_Sagitta,#m (any arrowworm of the genus Sagitta) }
{ genus_Spadella, worm_genus,@ phylum_Chaetognatha,#m (marine worms resembling the sagittas but with a broader body and only one pair of lateral fins) }
{ Platyhelminthes, phylum_Platyhelminthes, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (flatworms) }
{ bladder_worm, larva,@ phylum_Platyhelminthes,#m (encysted saclike larva of the tapeworm) }
{ flatworm, platyhelminth, worm,@ phylum_Platyhelminthes,#m (parasitic or free-living worms having a flattened body) }
{ Turbellaria, class_Turbellaria, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Platyhelminthes,#m (free-living flatworms) }
{ planarian, planaria, flatworm,@ class_Turbellaria,#m (free-swimming mostly freshwater flatworms; popular in laboratory studies for the ability to regenerate lost parts) }
{ Trematoda, class_Trematoda, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Platyhelminthes,#m (parasitic flatworms (including flukes)) }
{ fluke, trematode, trematode_worm, flatworm,@ class_Trematoda,#m (parasitic flatworms having external suckers for attaching to a host) }
{ [ cercaria, adj.pert:cercarial,+ ] larva,@ class_Trematoda,#m (tadpole-shaped parasitic larva of a trematode worm; tail disappears in adult stage) }
{ Fasciolidae, family_Fasciolidae, worm_family,@ class_Trematoda,#m (a family of Trematoda) }
{ Fasciola, genus_Fasciola, worm_genus,@ family_Fasciolidae,#m (a genus of Fasciolidae) }
{ liver_fluke, Fasciola_hepatica, fluke,@ genus_Fasciola,#m (flatworm parasitic in liver and bile ducts of domestic animals and humans) }
{ Fasciolopsis, genus_Fasciolopsis, worm_genus,@ family_Fasciolidae,#m (a genus of Fasciolidae) }
{ Fasciolopsis_buski, fluke,@ genus_Fasciolopsis,#m (fluke that is parasitic on humans and swine; common in eastern Asia) }
{ Schistosomatidae, family_Schistosomatidae, worm_family,@ class_Trematoda,#m (a family of Trematoda) }
{ Schistosoma, genus_Schistosoma, worm_genus,@ family_Schistosomatidae,#m (type genus of the family Schistosomatidae: blood flukes) }
{ schistosome, blood_fluke, trematode,@ genus_Schistosoma,#m (flatworms parasitic in the blood vessels of mammals) }
{ Cestoda, class_Cestoda, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Platyhelminthes,#m (tapeworms) }
{ tapeworm, cestode, flatworm,@ class_Cestoda,#m (ribbonlike flatworms that are parasitic in the intestines of humans and other vertebrates) }
{ Taeniidae, family_Taeniidae, worm_family,@ class_Cestoda,#m (a family of Cestoda) }
{ genus_Echinococcus, worm_genus,@ family_Taeniidae,#m (tapeworms) }
{ echinococcus, tapeworm,@ genus_Echinococcus,#m (tapeworms whose larvae are parasitic in humans and domestic animals) }
{ genus_Taenia, worm_genus,@ family_Taeniidae,#m (type genus of the family Taeniidae: tapeworms) }
{ taenia, tapeworm,@ genus_Taenia,#m (tapeworms parasitic in humans which uses the pig as its intermediate host) }

{ Nemertea, phylum_Nemertea, Nemertina, phylum_Nemertina, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (proboscis worms) }
{ ribbon_worm, nemertean, nemertine, proboscis_worm, worm,@ phylum_Nemertea,#m (soft unsegmented marine worms that have a threadlike proboscis and the ability to stretch and contract) }

{ Pogonophora, phylum_Pogonophora, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (beard worms) }
{ beard_worm, pogonophoran, worm,@ phylum_Pogonophora,#m (slender animal with tentacles and a tubelike outer covering; lives on the deep ocean bottom) }

{ Rotifera, phylum_Rotifera, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (a phylum including: rotifers) }
{ rotifer, invertebrate,@ phylum_Rotifera,#m (minute aquatic multicellular organisms having a ciliated wheel-like organ for feeding and locomotion; constituents of freshwater plankton) }

{ Nematoda, phylum_Nematoda, Aschelminthes, phylum_Aschelminthes, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (unsegmented worms: roundworms; threadworms; eelworms) }
{ Aphasmidia, class_Aphasmidia, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Nematoda,#m (one of two subgroups of Nematoda used in some classification systems) }
{ Phasmidia, class_Phasmidia, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Nematoda,#m (one of two subgroups of Nematoda used in some classification systems) }
{ nematode, nematode_worm, roundworm, worm,@ phylum_Nematoda,#m (unsegmented worms with elongated rounded body pointed at both ends; mostly free-living but some are parasitic) }
{ Ascaridae, family_Ascaridae, worm_family,@ phylum_Nematoda,#m (large roundworms parasitic in intestines of vertebrates) }
{ Ascaris, genus_Ascaris, worm_genus,@ family_Ascaridae,#m (type genus of the family Ascaridae: roundworms with a three-lipped mouth) }
{ common_roundworm, Ascaris_lumbricoides, roundworm,@ genus_Ascaris,#m (intestinal parasite of humans and pigs) }
{ Ascaridia, genus_Ascaridia, worm_genus,@ family_Ascaridae,#m (roundworm having a preanal sucker) }
{ chicken_roundworm, Ascaridia_galli, roundworm,@ genus_Ascaridia,#m (intestinal parasite of domestic fowl) }
{ Oxyuridae, family_Oxyuridae, worm_family,@ phylum_Nematoda,#m (pinworms) }
{ Enterobius, genus_Enterobius, worm_genus,@ family_Oxyuridae,#m (pinworms) }
{ pinworm, threadworm, Enterobius_vermicularis, roundworm,@ genus_Enterobius,#m (small threadlike worm infesting human intestines and rectum especially in children) }
{ eelworm, nematode,@ (any of various small free-living plant-parasitic roundworms) }
{ Cephalobidae, family_Cephalobidae, worm_family,@ phylum_Nematoda,#m (a family of Nematoda) }
{ Anguillula, genus_Anguillula, Turbatrix, genus_Turbatrix, worm_genus,@ family_Cephalobidae,#m (a genus of Cephalobidae) }
{ vinegar_eel, vinegar_worm, Anguillula_aceti, Turbatrix_aceti, eelworm,@ genus_Anguillula,#m (minute eelworm that feeds on organisms that cause fermentation in e.g. vinegar) }
{ Tylenchidae, family_Tylenchidae, worm_family,@ phylum_Nematoda,#m (a family of Nematoda) }
{ Tylenchus, genus_Tylenchus, worm_genus,@ family_Tylenchidae,#m (type genus of the family Tylenchidae) }
{ wheatworm, wheat_eel, wheat_eelworm, Tylenchus_tritici, nematode,@ genus_Tylenchus,#m (small roundworm parasitic on wheat) }
{ Ancylostomatidae, family_Ancylostomatidae, worm_family,@ phylum_Nematoda,#m (hookworms) }
{ trichina, Trichinella_spiralis, nematode,@ (parasitic nematode occurring in the intestines of pigs and rats and human beings and producing larvae that form cysts in skeletal muscles) }
{ hookworm, roundworm,@ family_Ancylostomatidae,#m (parasitic bloodsucking roundworms having hooked mouth parts to fasten to the intestinal wall of human and other hosts) }
{ Filariidae, family_Filariidae, worm_family,@ phylum_Nematoda,#m (threadlike roundworms) }
{ [ filaria, adj.pert:filarial,+ ] roundworm,@ family_Filariidae,#m (slender threadlike roundworms living in the blood and tissues of vertebrates; transmitted as larvae by biting insects) }
{ Dracunculidae, family_Dracunculidae, worm_family,@ phylum_Nematoda,#m (greatly elongated roundworm) }
{ Dracunculus, genus_Dracunculus, worm_genus,@ family_Dracunculidae,#m (type genus of the family Dracunculidae) }
{ Guinea_worm, Dracunculus_medinensis, roundworm,@ genus_Dracunculus,#m (parasitic roundworm of India and Africa that lives in the abdomen or beneath the skin of humans and other vertebrates) }

{ Annelida, phylum_Annelida, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (segmented worms: earthworms; lugworms; leeches) }
{ [ annelid, adj.pert:annelid,+ ] annelid_worm, segmented_worm, worm,@ phylum_Annelida,#m (worms with cylindrical bodies segmented both internally and externally) }
{ Archiannelida, class_Archiannelida, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Annelida,#m (a class of Annelida) }
{ archiannelid, annelid,@ class_Archiannelida,#m (small primitive marine worm lacking external segmentation and resembling polychaete larvae) }
{ Oligochaeta, class_Oligochaeta, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Annelida,#m (earthworms) }
{ oligochaete, oligochaete_worm, annelid,@ class_Oligochaeta,#m (hermaphroditic terrestrial and aquatic annelids having bristles borne singly along the length of the body) }
{ earthworm, angleworm, fishworm, fishing_worm, [ wiggler1, verb.motion:wiggle,+ ] nightwalker, nightcrawler, [ crawler, verb.motion:crawl,+ ] dew_worm, red_worm, oligochaete_worm,@ class_Oligochaeta,#m (terrestrial worm that burrows into and helps aerate soil; often surfaces when the ground is cool or wet; used as bait by anglers) }
{ Branchiobdellidae, family_Branchiobdellidae, worm_family,@ class_Oligochaeta,#m (small annelid worms with the posterior end modified into an adhesive sucker; especially formerly regarded as modified leeches) }
{ Branchiobdella, genus_Branchiobdella, worm_genus,@ family_Branchiobdellidae,#m (type genus of the Branchiobdellidae: a small worm that lives on the gills or surface of a crayfish attached by a sucker) }
{ Polychaeta, class_Polychaeta, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Annelida,#m (marine annelid worms) }
{ polychaete, polychete, polychaete_worm, polychete_worm, annelid,@ class_Polychaeta,#m (chiefly marine annelids possessing both sexes and having paired appendages (parapodia) bearing bristles) }
{ lugworm, lug, lobworm, polychete_worm,@ class_Polychaeta,#m (marine worms having a row of tufted gills along each side of the back; often used for fishing bait) }
{ sea_mouse, polychete_worm,@ (any of several large worms having a broad flattened body with a mat of coarse hairs covering the back) }
{ Terebellidae, family_Terebellidae, worm_family,@ class_Polychaeta,#m (marine burrowing or tube-forming polychete worms usually having long thick bodies) }
{ Terebella, genus_Terebella, worm_genus,@ family_Terebellidae,#m (type genus of Terebellidae; tube-forming marine polychete worms with many filamentous tentacles) }
{ Polycirrus, genus_Polycirrus, worm_genus,@ family_Terebellidae,#m (genus of soft-bodied polychete marine worms) }
{ bloodworm, polychete_worm,@ genus_Polycirrus,#m (a segmented marine worm with bright red body; often used for bait) }

{ Hirudinea, class_Hirudinea, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Annelida,#m (hermaphroditic aquatic or terrestrial or parasitic annelids) }
{ [ leech, verb.body:leech,+ ] bloodsucker, hirudinean, annelid,@ class_Hirudinea,#m (carnivorous or bloodsucking aquatic or terrestrial worms typically having a sucker at each end) }
{ Hirudinidae, family_Hirudinidae, worm_family,@ class_Hirudinea,#m (a family of Hirudinea) }
{ Hirudo, genus_Hirudo, worm_genus,@ family_Hirudinidae,#m (type genus of the family Hirudinidae) }
{ medicinal_leech, Hirudo_medicinalis, leech,@ genus_Hirudo,#m (large European freshwater leech formerly used for bloodletting) }
{ Haemopis, genus_Haemopis, worm_genus,@ family_Hirudinidae,#m (leeches) }
{ horseleech, leech,@ genus_Haemopis,#m (any of several large freshwater leeches) }

{ mollusk_family, noun.group:family3,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (a family of mollusks) }
{ mollusk_genus, noun.group:genus,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (a genus of mollusks) }
{ Mollusca, phylum_Mollusca, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (gastropods; bivalves; cephalopods; chitons) }
{ mollusk, mollusc, shellfish1, invertebrate,@ phylum_Mollusca,#m (invertebrate having a soft unsegmented body usually enclosed in a shell) }
{ Scaphopoda, class_Scaphopoda, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Mollusca,#m (small class of bilaterally symmetrical marine forms comprising the tooth shells) }
{ scaphopod, mollusk,@ class_Scaphopoda,#m (burrowing marine mollusk) }
{ tooth_shell, tusk_shell, scaphopod,@ (any of various seashore mollusks having a tapering tubular shell open at each end and a foot pointed like a spade for burrowing) }
{ lip, noun.shape:margin,@ (either the outer margin or the inner margin of the aperture of a gastropod's shell) }
{ Gastropoda, class_Gastropoda, Gasteropoda, class_Gasteropoda, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Mollusca,#m (snails and slugs and their relatives) }
{ gastropod, univalve, mollusk,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (a class of mollusks typically having a one-piece coiled shell and flattened muscular foot with a head bearing stalked eyes) }
{ Haliotidae, family_Haliotidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (abalones) }
{ Haliotis, genus_Haliotis, mollusk_genus,@ family_Haliotidae,#m (type genus of the family Haliotidae) }
{ abalone, ear-shell, gastropod,@ genus_Haliotis,#m (any of various large edible marine gastropods of the genus Haliotis having an ear-shaped shell with pearly interior) }
{ ormer, sea-ear, Haliotis_tuberculata, abalone,@ (an abalone found near the Channel Islands) }
{ Strombidae, family_Strombidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (the family of conchs) }
{ Lambis, genus_Lambis, mollusk_genus,@ family_Strombidae,#m (scorpion shells of shallow tropical waters of the eastern hemisphere) }
{ scorpion_shell, snail,@ genus_Lambis,#m (any of numerous tropical marine snails that as adults have the outer lip of the aperture produced into a series of long curved spines) }
{ Strombus, genus_Strombus, mollusk_genus,@ family_Strombidae,#m (type genus of the family Strombidae) }
{ conch, gastropod,@ genus_Strombus,#m (any of various edible tropical marine gastropods of the genus Strombus having a brightly-colored spiral shell with large outer lip) }
{ giant_conch, Strombus_gigas, conch,@ (a large variety of conch) }
{ Helicidae, family_Helicidae, mollusk_family,@ order_Pulmonata,#m (land snails including the common edible snail and some pests) }
{ [ snail, verb.contact:snail,+ ] gastropod,@ (freshwater or marine or terrestrial gastropod mollusk usually having an external enclosing spiral shell) }
{ Helix, genus_Helix, mollusk_genus,@ family_Helicidae,#m (type genus of the family Helicidae) }
{ edible_snail, Helix_pomatia, snail,@ genus_Helix,#m (one of the chief edible snails) }
{ garden_snail, snail,@ genus_helix,#m (any of several inedible snails of the genus Helix; often destructive pests) }
{ brown_snail, Helix_aspersa, garden_snail,@ genus_Helix,#m (serious garden pest having a brown shell with paler zigzag markings; nearly cosmopolitan in distribution) }
{ Helix_hortensis, garden_snail,@ genus_Helix,#m (a kind of garden snail) }
{ Limacidae, family_Limacidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (slugs) }
{ Limax, genus_Limax, mollusk_genus,@ family_Limacidae,#m (a genus of Limacidae) }
{ slug, gastropod,@ family_Limacidae,#m (any of various terrestrial gastropods having an elongated slimy body and no external shell) }

{ seasnail2, gastropod,@ (any of several creeping marine gastropods with a spirally coiled shell: whelks; tritons; moon shells; neritids) }
{ Neritidae, family_Neritidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (neritids) }
{ neritid, neritid_gastropod, seasnail2,@ family_Neritidae,#m (operculate seasnail of coastal waters with a short spiral shell) }
{ genus_Nerita, mollusk_genus,@ family_Neritidae,#m (type genus of the Neritidae) }
{ nerita, neritid_gastropod,@ genus_Nerita,#m (a neritid gastropod having a short smooth or spirally ridged shell with thick usually toothed outer lip and toothed operculum) }
{ bleeding_tooth, Nerita_peloronta, neritid_gastropod,@ genus_Nerita,#m (gastropod having reddish toothlike projections around the shell opening; of the Caribbean area) }
{ genus_Neritina, mollusk_genus,@ family_Neritidae,#m (a genus of Neritidae) }
{ neritina, neritid_gastropod,@ genus_Neritina,#m (ornately marked and brightly colored snails of brackish waters) }
{ Buccinidae, family_Buccinidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (whelks) }
{ [ whelk, verb.competition:whelk,+ ] seasnail2,@ family_Buccinidae,#m (large carnivorous marine gastropods of coastal waters and intertidal regions having a strong snail-like shell) }
{ Cymatiidae, family_Cymatiidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (tritons) }
{ triton2, seasnail2,@ family_Cymatiidae,#m (tropical marine gastropods having beautifully colored spiral shells) }
{ Naticidae, family_Naticidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (moonshells) }
{ moon_shell, moonshell, seasnail2,@ family_Naticidae,#m (marine gastropods having smooth rounded shells that form short spires) }
{ Littorinidae, family_Littorinidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (periwinkles) }
{ Littorina, genus_Littorina, mollusk_genus,@ family_Littorinidae,#m (type genus of the family Littorinidae: periwinkles) }
{ periwinkle, winkle, seasnail2,@ genus_Littorina,#m (edible marine gastropod) }
{ limpet, seasnail2,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (any of various usually marine gastropods with low conical shells; found clinging to rocks in littoral areas) }
{ Patellidae, family_Patellidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (marine limpets) }
{ Patella, genus_Patella, mollusk_genus,@ family_Patellidae,#m (type genus of the family Patellidae: common European limpets) }
{ common_limpet, Patella_vulgata, limpet,@ genus_Patella,#m (marine limpet) }
{ Fissurellidae, family_Fissurellidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (marine limpets) }
{ Fissurella, genus_Fissurella, mollusk_genus,@ family_Fissurellidae,#m (type genus of the family Fissurellidae: keyhole limpets) }
{ keyhole_limpet, Fissurella_apertura, Diodora_apertura, limpet,@ genus_Fissurella,#m (marine limpet having a conical shell with an opening at the apex) }
{ Ancylidae, family_Ancylidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (freshwater gastropod) }
{ Ancylus, genus_Ancylus, mollusk_genus,@ family_Ancylidae,#m (type genus of the family Ancylidae: river limpet) }
{ river_limpet, freshwater_limpet, Ancylus_fluviatilis, gastropod,@ genus_Ancylus,#m (minute conical gastropod superficially resembling a limpet but living and feeding on freshwater plants) }
{ Opisthobranchia, subclass_Opisthobranchia, noun.group:class2,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (gastropods having the gills when present posterior to the heart and having no operculum: includes sea slugs; sea butterflies; sea hares) }
{ Nudibranchia, order_Nudibranchia, animal_order,@ subclass_Opisthobranchia,#m (comprising numerous marine gastropod mollusks lacking a shell in the adult state and usually having a body like a slug) }
{ sea_slug, nudibranch, gastropod,@ order_Nudibranchia,#m (any of various marine gastropods of the suborder Nudibranchia having a shell-less and often beautifully colored body) }
{ Aplysiidae, family_Aplysiidae, Tethyidae, family_Tethyidae, mollusk_family,@ order_Nudibranchia,#m (sea hares) }
{ Aplysia, genus_Aplysia, Tethys, genus_Tethus, mollusk_genus,@ family_Aplysiidae,#m (type genus of the family Aplysiidae) }
{ sea_hare, Aplysia_punctata, gastropod,@ genus_Aplysia,#m (naked marine gastropod having a soft body with reduced internal shell and two pairs of ear-like tentacles) }
{ Hermissenda, genus_Hermissenda, mollusk_genus,@ order_Nudibranchia,#m (genus of marine sea slugs) }
{ Hermissenda_crassicornis, sea_slug,@ genus_Hermissenda,#m (a kind of sea slug) }
{ Akeridae, family_Akeridae, mollusk_family,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (bubble shells) }
{ Haminoea, genus_Haminoea, mollusk_genus,@ family_Akeridae,#m (common genus of marine bubble shells of the Pacific coast of North America) }
{ bubble_shell, gastropod,@ genus_Haminoea,#m (marine gastropod mollusk having a very small thin shell) }
{ Pulmonata, order_Pulmonata, animal_order,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (large order of gastropods usually breathing by means of a lung-like sac comprising most land snails and slugs and many freshwater snails) }
{ Physidae, family_Physidae, mollusk_family,@ order_Pulmonata,#m (freshwater snails) }
{ genus_Physa, mollusk_genus,@ family_Physidae,#m (type genus of the Physidae; freshwater air-breathing snails) }
{ physa, gastropod,@ genus_Physa,#m (any member of the genus Physa) }

{ Pectinibranchia, order_Pectinibranchia, animal_order,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (large order of gastropods comprising univalve mollusks that have a single gill resembling a comb) }
{ Cypraeidae, family_Cypraeidae, mollusk_family,@ order_Pectinibranchia,#m (family of marine gastropods comprising the cowries) }
{ Cypraea, genus_Cypraea, mollusk_genus,@ family_Cypraeidae,#m (type genus of the family Cypraeidae: the typical cowries) }
{ cowrie, cowry, gastropod,@ genus_Cypraea,#m (any of numerous tropical marine gastropods of the genus Cypraea having highly polished usually brightly marked shells) }
{ money_cowrie, Cypraea_moneta, cowrie,@ (cowrie whose shell is used for money in parts of the southern Pacific and in parts of Africa) }
{ tiger_cowrie, Cypraea_tigris, cowrie,@ (cowrie whose shell is used for ornament) }
{ ctenidium, gill,@ (comb-like respiratory structure serving as the gill of certain mollusks) }
{ ceras, gill,@ (one of the often brightly colored and branching hornlike structures on the back of the nudibranch (and other related mollusks) that serve as gills) }

{ Amphineura, subclass_Amphineura, noun.group:class2,@ class_Gastropoda,#m (a class of Gastropoda) }
{ Solenogastres, order_Solenogastres, Aplacophora, order_Aplacophora, animal_order,@ subclass_Amphineura,#m (an order of Amphineura) }
{ solenogaster, aplacophoran, gastropod,@ order_Solenogastres,#m (deep-water wormlike mollusks lacking calcareous plates on the body but having fine slimy spicules on the covering mantle) }
{ Polyplacophora, class_Polyplacophora, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Mollusca,#m (small class of marine mollusks comprising the chitons; sometimes considered an order of the subclass Amphineura) }
{ genus_Chiton, mollusk_genus,@ class_Polyplacophora,#m (a genus of Polyplacophora) }
{ chiton, coat-of-mail_shell, sea_cradle, polyplacophore, mollusk,@ genus_Chiton,#m (primitive elongated bilaterally symmetrical marine mollusk having a mantle covered with eight calcareous plates) }

{ byssus, beard, noun.substance:fiber,@ (tuft of strong filaments by which e.g. a mussel makes itself fast to a fixed surface) }
{ Bivalvia, class_Bivalvia, Lamellibranchia, class_Lamellibranchia, class_Pelecypoda, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Mollusca,#m (oysters; clams; scallops; mussels) }
{ [ bivalve, adj.all:bivalve,+ ] [ pelecypod, adj.all:bivalve^pelecypod,+ adj.all:bivalve^pelecypodous,+ ] lamellibranch, mollusk,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (marine or freshwater mollusks having a soft body with platelike gills enclosed within two shells hinged together) }
{ [ spat, verb.body:spat1,+ verb.contact:spat1,+ ] young,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (a young oyster or other bivalve) }
{ [ clam, verb.contact:clam,+ ] bivalve,@ (burrowing marine mollusk living on sand or mud; the shell closes with viselike firmness) }
{ seashell, shell1,@ (the shell of a marine organism) }
{ clamshell, shell1,@ (the shell of a clam) }
{ Myaceae, order_Myaceae, animal_order,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (clams) }
{ Myacidae, family_Myacidae, mollusk_family,@ order_Myaceae,#m (soft-shell clams) }
{ Mya, genus_Mya, mollusk_genus,@ family_Myacidae,#m (type genus of the family Myacidae) }
{ soft-shell_clam, steamer, steamer_clam, long-neck_clam, Mya_arenaria, clam,@ genus_Mya,#m (an edible clam with thin oval-shaped shell found in coastal regions of the United States and Europe) }
{ Veneridae, family_Veneridae, mollusk_family,@ order_Myaceae,#m (hard-shell clams) }
{ Venus, genus_Venus, mollusk_genus,@ family_Veneridae,#m (type genus of the family Veneridae: genus of edible clams with thick oval shells) }
{ Mercenaria, genus_Mercenaria, mollusk_genus,@ family_Veneridae,#m (a genus of Veneridae) }
{ quahog, quahaug, hard-shell_clam, hard_clam, round_clam, Venus_mercenaria, Mercenaria_mercenaria, clam,@ genus_Venus,#m (an edible American clam; the heavy shells were used as money by some American Indians) }
{ littleneck, littleneck_clam, quahog,@ (a young quahog) }
{ cherrystone, cherrystone_clam, quahog,@ (a half-grown quahog) }
{ geoduck, clam,@ (a large edible clam found burrowing deeply in sandy mud along the Pacific coast of North America; weighs up to six pounds; has siphons that can extend to several feet and cannot be withdrawn into the shell) }
{ Solenidae, family_Solenidae, mollusk_family,@ order_Myaceae,#m (razor clams) }
{ Ensis, genus_Ensis, mollusk_genus,@ family_Solenidae,#m (razor clams) }
{ razor_clam, jackknife_clam, knife-handle, clam,@ genus_Ensis,#m (marine clam having a long narrow curved thin shell) }
{ Tridacnidae, family_Tridacnidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (large marine hard-shell clams) }
{ Tridacna, genus_Tridacna, mollusk_genus,@ family_Tridacnidae,#m (type genus of the family Tridacnidae: giant clams) }
{ giant_clam, Tridacna_gigas, clam,@ genus_Tridacna,#m (a large clam inhabiting reefs in the southern Pacific and weighing up to 500 pounds) }
{ Cardiidae, family_Cardiidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (somewhat heart-shaped sand-burrowing bivalve mollusks) }
{ Cardium, genus_Cardium, mollusk_genus,@ family_Cardiidae,#m (type genus of the family Cardiidae: cockles) }
{ cockle, bivalve,@ genus_Cardium,#m (common edible, burrowing European bivalve mollusk that has a strong, rounded shell with radiating ribs) }
{ edible_cockle, Cardium_edule, cockle,@ (common edible European cockle) }
{ Ostreidae, family_Ostreidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (oysters) }
{ [ oyster, verb.contact:oyster,+ ] bivalve,@ family_Ostreidae,#m (marine mollusks having a rough irregular shell; found on the sea bed mostly in coastal waters) }
{ seed_oyster, oyster,@ (a young oyster especially of a size for transplantation) }
{ Ostrea, genus_Ostrea, mollusk_genus,@ family_Ostreidae,#m (type genus of the family Ostreidae) }
{ bluepoint, blue_point1, oyster,@ genus_Ostrea,#m (small edible oyster typically from the southern shore of Long Island) }
{ Japanese_oyster, Ostrea_gigas, oyster,@ genus_Ostrea,#m (a large oyster native to Japan and introduced along the Pacific coast of the United States; a candidate for introduction in Chesapeake Bay) }
{ Crassostrea, genus_Crassostrea, mollusk_genus,@ family_Ostreidae,#m (Virginia oysters) }
{ Virginia_oyster, oyster,@ genus_Crassostrea,#m (common edible oyster of Atlantic coast of North America) }
{ Pteriidae, family_Pteriidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (pearl oysters) }
{ Pinctada, genus_Pinctada, mollusk_genus,@ family_Pteriidae,#m (pearl oysters) }
{ pearl_oyster, Pinctada_margaritifera, oyster,@ genus_Pinctada,#m (tropical marine bivalve found chiefly off eastern Asia and Pacific coast of North America and Central America; a major source of pearls) }
{ Anomiidae, family_Anomiidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (saddle oysters) }
{ Anomia, genus_Anomia, mollusk_genus,@ family_Anomiidae,#m (type genus of the family Anomiidae: saddle oysters) }
{ saddle_oyster, Anomia_ephippium, oyster,@ genus_Anomia,#m (thin-shelled bivalve having the right valve deeply notched) }
{ Placuna, genus_Placuna, mollusk_genus,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (windowpane oysters) }
{ window_oyster, windowpane_oyster, capiz, Placuna_placenta, oyster,@ genus_Placuna,#m (marine bivalve common in Philippine coastal waters characterized by a large thin flat translucent shell) }
{ Arcidae, family_Arcidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (ark shells) }
{ Arca, genus_Arca, mollusk_genus,@ family_Arcidae,#m (type genus of the family Arcidae: ark shells and blood clams) }
{ ark_shell, bivalve,@ genus_Arca,#m (marine bivalve mollusk having a heavy toothed shell with a deep boat-like inner surface) }
{ blood_clam, bivalve,@ genus_Arca,#m (red-blooded clam) }
{ mussel, bivalve,@ (marine or freshwater bivalve mollusk that lives attached to rocks etc.) }
{ Mytilidae, family_Mytilidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (marine mussels) }
{ Mytilus, genus_Mytilus, mollusk_genus,@ family_Mytilidae,#m (type genus of the family Mytilidae: smooth-shelled marine mussels) }
{ marine_mussel, mytilid, mussel,@ family_Mytilidae,#m (marine bivalve mollusk having a dark elongated shell; live attached to solid objects especially in intertidal zones) }
{ edible_mussel, Mytilus_edulis, marine_mussel,@ genus_Mytilus,#m (a mussel with a dark shell that lives attached to rocks) }
{ freshwater_mussel, freshwater_clam, mussel,@ (bivalve mollusk abundant in rivers of central United States) }
{ Unionidae, family_Unionidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (freshwater mussels found worldwide) }
{ Unio, genus_Unio, mollusk_genus,@ family_Unionidae,#m (type genus of the family Unionidae) }
{ pearly-shelled_mussel, freshwater_mussel,@ genus_Unio,#m (the pearly lining of the dark shells is a source of mother-of-pearl) }
{ Anodonta, genus_Anodonta, mollusk_genus,@ family_Unionidae,#m (thin-shelled freshwater mussels) }
{ thin-shelled_mussel, freshwater_mussel,@ genus_Anodonta,#m (mussel with thin fragile shells having only rudimentary hinge teeth) }
{ Dreissena, genus_Dreissena, mollusk_genus,@ family_Unionidae,#m (zebra mussels) }
{ zebra_mussel, Dreissena_polymorpha, freshwater_mussel,@ genus_Dreissena,#m (inch long mollusk imported accidentally from Europe; clogs utility inlet pipes and feeds on edible freshwater mussels) }
{ Pectinidae, family_Pectinidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (scallops) }
{ [ scallop, verb.competition:scallop,+ ] [ scollop, verb.competition:scollop,+ ] escallop, bivalve,@ family_Pectinidae,#m (edible marine bivalve having a fluted fan-shaped shell that swim by expelling water from the shell in a series of snapping motions) }
{ genus_Pecten, mollusk_genus,@ family_Pectinidae,#m (type genus of the family Pectinidae: sea and bay scallops) }
{ bay_scallop, Pecten_irradians, scallop,@ genus_Pecten,#m (a small scallop inhabiting shallow waters and mud flats of the Atlantic coast of North America) }
{ sea_scallop, giant_scallop, Pecten_magellanicus, scallop,@ genus_Pecten,#m (a large scallop inhabiting deep waters of the Atlantic coast of North America) }
{ Teredinidae, family_Teredinidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (shipworms) }
{ genus_Teredo, mollusk_genus,@ family_Teredinidae,#m (type genus of the family Teredinidae) }
{ shipworm, teredinid, clam,@ family_Teredinidae,#m (wormlike marine bivalve that bores into wooden piers and ships by means of drill-like shells) }
{ teredo, shipworm,@ genus_Teredo,#m (typical shipworm) }
{ Bankia, genus_Bankia, mollusk_genus,@ family_Teredinidae,#m (giant shipworms) }
{ giant_northwest_shipworm, Bankia_setaceae, shipworm,@ genus_Bankia,#m (giant shipworm of the Pacific coast of North America) }
{ Pholadidae, family_Pholadidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Bivalvia,#m (a family of Bivalvia) }
{ Pholas, genus_Pholas, mollusk_genus,@ family_Pholadidae,#m (type genus of the family Pholadidae: piddocks) }
{ piddock, bivalve,@ genus_Pholas,#m (marine bivalve that bores into rock or clay or wood by means of saw-like shells) }

{ Cephalopoda, class_Cephalopoda, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Mollusca,#m (octopuses; squids; cuttlefish; pearly nautilus) }
{ [ cephalopod, adj.pert:cephalopod,+ ] cephalopod_mollusk, mollusk,@ class_Cephalopoda,#m (marine mollusk characterized by well-developed head and eyes and sucker-bearing tentacles) }
{ Nautilidae, family_Nautilidae, mollusk_family,@ class_Cephalopoda,#m (spiral-shelled cephalopods) }
{ genus_Nautilus, mollusk_genus,@ family_Nautilidae,#m (type genus and sole recent representative of the family Nautilidae) }
{ chambered_nautilus, pearly_nautilus, nautilus1, cephalopod,@ genus_Nautilus,#m (cephalopod of the Indian and Pacific oceans having a spiral shell with pale pearly partitions) }

{ Dibranchiata, subclass_Dibranchiata, Dibranchia, subclass_Dibranchia, noun.group:class2,@ class_Cephalopoda,#m (comprising all living cephalopods except the family Nautilidae: the orders Octopoda (octopuses) and Decapoda (squids and cuttlefish)) }
{ dibranchiate, dibranchiate_mollusk, dibranch, cephalopod,@ (cephalopods having two gills) }
{ Octopoda, order_Octopoda, animal_order,@ subclass_Dibranchiata,#m (octopuses and paper nautilus) }
{ octopod, cephalopod,@ order_Octopoda,#m (a cephalopod with eight arms but lacking an internal shell) }
{ Octopodidae, family_Octopodidae, mollusk_family,@ order_Octopoda,#m (a family of Octopoda) }
{ genus_Octopus, mollusk_genus,@ family_Octopodidae,#m (type genus of the family Octopodidae) }
{ octopus, devilfish1, octopod,@ genus_Octopus,#m (bottom-living cephalopod having a soft oval body with eight long tentacles) }
{ Argonautidae, family_Argonautidae, mollusk_family,@ order_Octopoda,#m (represented solely by the genus Argonauta) }
{ Argonauta, genus_Argonauta, mollusk_genus,@ family_Argonautidae,#m (type genus of the family Argonautidae: paper nautilus) }
{ paper_nautilus, nautilus2, Argonaut, Argonauta_argo, octopod,@ genus_Argonauta,#m (cephalopod mollusk of warm seas whose females have delicate papery spiral shells) }

{ Decapoda2, order_Decapoda2, animal_order,@ subclass_Dibranchiata,#m (squids and cuttlefishes) }
{ decapod2, cephalopod,@ order_Decapoda2,#m (cephalopods having eight short tentacles plus two long ones) }
{ squid, decapod2,@ (widely distributed fast-moving ten-armed cephalopod mollusk having a long tapered body with triangular tail fins) }
{ genus_Loligo, mollusk_genus,@ order_Decapoda2,#m (squids) }
{ loligo, squid,@ genus_Loligo,#m (somewhat flattened cylindrical squid) }
{ genus_Ommastrephes, mollusk_genus,@ order_Decapoda2,#m (a genus of Decapoda) }
{ ommastrephes, squid,@ genus_Ommastrephes,#m (extremely active cylindrical squid with short strong arms and large rhombic terminal fins) }
{ genus_Architeuthis, arthropod_genus,@ order_Decapoda2,#m (giant squid) }
{ architeuthis, giant_squid, squid,@ genus_Architeuthis,#m (largest mollusk known about but never seen (to 60 feet long)) }
{ Sepiidae, family_Sepiidae, mollusk_family,@ order_Decapoda2,#m (true cuttlefishes) }
{ Sepia, genus_Sepia, mollusk_genus,@ family_Sepiidae,#m (type genus of the Sepiidae) }
{ cuttlefish, cuttle, decapod2,@ genus_Sepia,#m (ten-armed oval-bodied cephalopod with narrow fins as long as the body and a large calcareous internal shell) }
{ Spirulidae, family_Spirulidae, mollusk_family,@ order_Decapoda2,#m (coextensive with the genus Spirula; included in the order Belemnoidea in some older classifications) }
{ genus_Spirula, mollusk_genus,@ family_Spirulidae,#m (genus of small cephalopods with many-chambered spiral shells resembling those of the extinct belemnites) }
{ spirula, Spirula_peronii, decapod2,@ genus_Spirula,#m (a small tropical cephalopod of the genus Spirula having prominent eyes and short arms and a many-chambered shell coiled in a flat spiral) }

{ Belemnoidea, order_Belemnoidea, animal_order,@ subclass_Dibranchiata,#m (order of extinct dibranchiate cephalopods related to the surviving spirulas) }
{ Belemnitidae, family_Belemnitidae, mollusk_family,@ order_Belemnoidea,#m (family of extinct Mesozoic cephalopods) }
{ [ belemnite, adj.pert:belemnitic,+ ] noun.object:fossil,@ family_Belemnitidae,#m (a conical calcareous fossil tapering to a point at one end and with a conical cavity at the other end containing (when unbroken) a small chambered phragmocone from the shell of any of numerous extinct cephalopods of the family Belemnitidae) }

{ craw, crop, noun.body:stomach,@ (a pouch in many birds and some lower animals that resembles a stomach for storage and preliminary maceration of food) }
{ gizzard, ventriculus, gastric_mill, noun.body:pouch,@ (thick-walled muscular pouch below the crop in many birds and reptiles for grinding food) }

{ [ Crustacea, adj.pert:crustaceous1,+ ] class_Crustacea, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Arthropoda,#m (class of mandibulate arthropods including: lobsters; crabs; shrimps; woodlice; barnacles; decapods; water fleas) }
{ crustacean, arthropod,@ class_Crustacea,#m (any mainly aquatic arthropod usually having a segmented body and chitinous exoskeleton) }
{ green_gland, noun.body:gland,@ crustacean,#p (one of a pair of glands (believed to have excretory functions) in some crustaceans near the base of the large antennae) }

{ Malacostraca, subclass_Malacostraca, noun.group:class2,@ class_Crustacea,#m (largest subclass of Crustacea including most of the well-known marine, freshwater, and terrestrial crustaceans: crabs; lobsters; shrimps; sow bugs; beach flies) }
{ malacostracan_crustacean, crustacean,@ subclass_Malacostraca,#m (a major subclass of crustaceans) }

{ Decapoda1, order_Decapoda1, animal_order,@ subclass_Malacostraca,#m (lobsters; crayfish; crabs; shrimps; prawns) }
{ decapod_crustacean, decapod1, crustacean,@ order_Decapoda1,#m (crustaceans characteristically having five pairs of locomotor appendages each joined to a segment of the thorax) }
{ [ Brachyura, adj.pert:brachyurous,+ ] suborder_Brachyura, animal_order,@ suborder_Reptantia,#m (an order of crustaceans (including true crabs) having a reduced abdomen folded against the ventral surface) }
{ brachyuran, crustacean,@ suborder_Brachyura,#m (typical crabs) }
{ [ crab, verb.competition:crab,+ ] decapod_crustacean,@ Brachyura,#m (decapod having eyes on short stalks and a broad flattened carapace with a small abdomen folded under the thorax and pincers) }
{ Menippe, genus_Menippe, arthropod_genus,@ suborder_Brachyura,#m (stone crabs) }
{ stone_crab, Menippe_mercenaria, crab,@ genus_Menippe,#m (large edible crab of the southern coast of the United States (particularly Florida)) }
{ Cancridae, family_Cancridae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Brachyura,#m (many of the best known edible crabs) }
{ Cancer, genus_Cancer, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cancridae,#m (type genus of the family Cancridae) }
{ hard-shell_crab, crab,@ (edible crab that has not recently molted and so has a hard shell) }
{ soft-shell_crab, soft-shelled_crab, crab,@ (edible crab that has recently molted and not yet formed its new shell) }
{ Dungeness_crab, Cancer_magister, crab,@ genus_Cancer,#m (small edible crab of Pacific coast of North America) }
{ rock_crab, Cancer_irroratus, crab,@ genus_Cancer,#m (crab of eastern coast of North America) }
{ Jonah_crab, Cancer_borealis, crab,@ genus_Cancer,#m (large red deep-water crab of the eastern coast of North America) }
{ Portunidae, family_Portunidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Brachyura,#m (swimming crabs) }
{ swimming_crab, crab,@ family_Portunidae,#m (marine crab with some legs flattened and fringed for swimming) }
{ Portunus, genus_Portunus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Portunidae,#m (type genus of the family Portunidae) }
{ English_lady_crab, Portunus_puber, swimming_crab,@ genus_Portunus,#m (crab of the English coasts) }
{ Ovalipes, genus_Ovalipes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Portunidae,#m (a genus of Portunidae) }
{ American_lady_crab, lady_crab, calico_crab, Ovalipes_ocellatus, swimming_crab,@ genus_Ovalipes,#m (brightly spotted crab of sandy beaches of the Atlantic coast of the United States) }
{ Callinectes, genus_Callinectes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Portunidae,#m (New World blue crabs) }
{ blue_crab, Callinectes_sapidus, swimming_crab,@ genus_Callinectes,#m (bluish edible crab of Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of North America) }
{ Uca, genus_Uca, arthropod_genus,@ suborder_Brachyura,#m (fiddler crabs) }
{ fiddler_crab, crab,@ genus_Uca,#m (burrowing crab of American coastal regions having one claw much enlarged in the male) }
{ Pinnotheridae, family_Pinnotheridae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Brachyura,#m (tiny soft-bodied crabs) }
{ Pinnotheres, genus_Pinnotheres, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pinnotheridae,#m (type genus of the family Pinnotheridae: pea crabs) }
{ pea_crab, crab,@ genus_Pinnotheres,#m (tiny soft-bodied crab living commensally in the mantles of certain bivalve mollusks) }
{ oyster_crab, Pinnotheres_ostreum, pea_crab,@ genus_Pinnotheres,#m (tiny soft-bodied crab living within the mantle cavity of oysters) }
{ Lithodidae, family_Lithodidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Brachyura,#m (deep-sea crabs of cold waters) }
{ Paralithodes, genus_Paralithodes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lithodidae,#m (a genus of Lithodidae) }
{ king_crab1, Alaska_crab, Alaskan_king_crab, Alaska_king_crab, Paralithodes_camtschatica, crab,@ genus_Paralithodes,#m (large edible crab of northern Pacific waters especially along the coasts of Alaska and Japan) }
{ Majidae, family_Majidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Brachyura,#m (spider crabs) }
{ spider_crab, crab,@ family_Majidae,#m (any of numerous crabs with very long legs and small triangular bodies) }
{ Maja, genus_Maja, Maia, genus_Maia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Majidae,#m (type genus of the Majidae; nearly cosmopolitan in distribution) }
{ European_spider_crab, king_crab3, Maja_squinado, spider_crab,@ genus_Maja,#m (a large spider crab of Europe) }
{ Macrocheira, genus_Macrocheira, arthropod_genus,@ family_Majidae,#m (giant crabs of Japan) }
{ giant_crab, Macrocheira_kaempferi, spider_crab,@ genus_Macrocheira,#m (very large deep-water Japanese crab) }

{ Reptantia, suborder_Reptantia, animal_order,@ order_Decapoda1,#m (lobsters; crabs) } (==check Reptantia if possible)
{ lobster, decapod_crustacean,@ suborder_Reptantia,#m (any of several edible marine crustaceans of the families Homaridae and Nephropsidae and Palinuridae) }
{ Homaridae, family_Homaridae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Reptantia,#m (large-clawed lobsters) }
{ true_lobster, lobster,@ family_Homaridae,#m (large edible marine crustaceans having large pincers on the first pair of legs) }
{ Homarus, genus_Homarus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Homaridae,#m (type genus of the family Homaridae: common edible lobsters) }
{ American_lobster, Northern_lobster, Maine_lobster, Homarus_americanus, true_lobster,@ genus_Homarus,#m (lobster of Atlantic coast of America) }
{ European_lobster, Homarus_vulgaris, true_lobster,@ genus_Homarus,#m (lobster of Atlantic coast of Europe) }
{ Cape_lobster, Homarus_capensis, true_lobster,@ genus_Homarus,#m (small lobster of southern Africa) }
{ Nephropsidae, family_Nephropsidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Decapoda1,#m (in some classifications coextensive with the Homaridae) }
{ Nephrops, genus_Nephrops, arthropod_genus,@ family_Nephropsidae,#m (a genus of Nephropsidae) }
{ Norway_lobster, Nephrops_norvegicus, lobster,@ (edible European lobster resembling the American lobster but slenderer) }
{ Palinuridae, family_Palinuridae, arthropod_family,@ order_Decapoda1,#m (spiny lobsters) }
{ Palinurus, genus_Palinurus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Palinuridae,#m (type genus of the family Palinuridae) }
{ spiny_lobster, langouste, rock_lobster, crawfish1, crayfish1, sea_crawfish, lobster,@ genus_Palinurus,#m (large edible marine crustacean having a spiny carapace but lacking the large pincers of true lobsters) }
{ Astacidae, family_Astacidae, Astacura, arthropod_family,@ order_Decapoda1,#m (crayfish) }
{ crayfish2, crawfish2, crawdad, crawdaddy, decapod_crustacean,@ family_Astacidae,#m (small freshwater decapod crustacean that resembles a lobster) }
{ Astacus, genus_Astacus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Astacidae,#m (type genus of the family Astacidae; Old World crayfish) }
{ Old_World_crayfish, ecrevisse, crayfish2,@ genus_Astacus,#m (small crayfish of Europe and Asia and western North America) }
{ Cambarus, genus_Cambarus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Astacidae,#m (a genus of Astacidae) }
{ American_crayfish, crayfish2,@ genus_Cambarus,#m (common large crayfishes of eastern North America) }

{ Paguridae, family_Paguridae, arthropod_family,@ order_Decapoda1,#m (hermit crabs) }
{ Pagurus, genus_Pagurus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Paguridae,#m (type genus of the family Paguridae) }
{ hermit_crab, decapod_crustacean,@ genus_Pagurus,#m (small soft-bodied marine crustaceans living in cast-off shells of gastropods) }

{ Natantia, suborder_Natantia, animal_order,@ order_Decapoda1,#m (shrimp; prawns; etc.) }
{ Crangonidae, family_Crangonidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Natantia,#m (shrimps) }
{ Crangon, genus_Crangon, arthropod_genus,@ family_Crangonidae,#m (type genus of the family Crangonidae) }
{ [ shrimp, verb.competition:shrimp,+ ] decapod_crustacean,@ family_Crangonidae,#m (small slender-bodied chiefly marine decapod crustaceans with a long tail and single pair of pincers; many species are edible) }
{ snapping_shrimp, pistol_shrimp, shrimp,@ (small shrimp that makes a snapping noise with one of their enlarged chelae) }
{ Palaemonidae, family_Palaemonidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Natantia,#m (prawns) }
{ Palaemon, genus_Palaemon, arthropod_genus,@ family_Palaemonidae,#m (type genus of the family Palaemonidae; widely distributed genus) }
{ [ prawn, verb.contact:prawn,+ ] decapod_crustacean,@ genus_Palaemon,#m (shrimp-like decapod crustacean having two pairs of pincers; most are edible) }
{ long-clawed_prawn, river_prawn, Palaemon_australis, prawn,@ genus_Palaemon,#m (large (a foot or more) edible freshwater prawn common in Australian rivers) }
{ Peneidae, family_Peneidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Natantia,#m (tropical prawns) }
{ Peneus, genus_Peneus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Peneidae,#m (type genus of the family Peneidae) }
{ tropical_prawn, decapod_crustacean,@ genus_Peneus,#m (edible tropical and warm-water prawn) }

{ Schizopoda, animal_order,@ (in former classifications a division of Malacostraca; superseded by the orders Mysidacea and Euphausiacea) }
{ Euphausiacea, order_Euphausiacea, animal_order,@ subclass_Malacostraca,#m (small commonly luminescent crustaceans; important element of marine plankton: krill) }
{ krill, malacostracan_crustacean,@ order_Euphausiacea,#m (shrimp-like planktonic crustaceans; major source of food for e.g. baleen whales) }
{ Euphausia_pacifica, krill,@ order_Euphausiacea,#m (food for jellyfish) }
{ Mysidacea, order_Mysidacea, animal_order,@ subclass_Malacostraca,#m (opossum shrimp) }
{ Mysidae, family_Mysidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Mysidacea,#m (small shrimp-like crustaceans) }
{ Mysis, genus_Mysis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Mysidae,#m (type genus of the family Mysidae) }
{ Praunus, genus_Praunus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Mysidae,#m (a genus of Mysidae) }
{ opossum_shrimp, malacostracan_crustacean,@ genus_Mysis,#m genus_Praunus,#m (shrimp-like crustaceans whose females carry eggs and young in a pouch between the legs) }

{ Stomatopoda, order_Stomatopoda, animal_order,@ class_Crustacea,#m (mantis shrimps) }
{ stomatopod, stomatopod_crustacean, crustacean,@ order_Stomatopoda,#m (a kind of crustacean) }
{ mantis_shrimp, mantis_crab, stomatopod_crustacean,@ order_Stomatopoda,#m (tropical marine burrowing crustaceans with large grasping appendages) }
{ Squillidae, family_Squillidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Stomatopoda,#m (crustaceans that burrow in mud or under stones in shallow water along the seashore) }
{ genus_Squilla, arthropod_genus,@ family_Squillidae,#m (type genus of the family Squillidae) }
{ squilla, mantis_prawn, mantis_shrimp,@ genus_Squilla,#m (a kind of mantis shrimp) }

{ Isopoda, order_Isopoda, animal_order,@ subclass_Malacostraca,#m (woodlice) }
{ isopod, malacostracan_crustacean,@ order_Isopoda,#m (any of various small terrestrial or aquatic crustaceans with seven pairs of legs adapted for crawling) }
{ woodlouse1, wood_louse, slater1, isopod,@ (any of various small terrestrial isopods having a flat elliptical segmented body; found in damp habitats) }
{ Armadillidiidae, family_Armadillidiidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Isopoda,#m (pill bugs) }
{ Armadillidium, genus_Armadillidium, arthropod_genus,@ family_Armadillidiidae,#m (type genus of the Armadillidiidae) }
{ pill_bug, woodlouse1,@ genus_Armadillidium,#m (small terrestrial isopod with a convex segmented body that can roll up into a ball) }
{ Oniscidae, family_Oniscidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Isopoda,#m (a family of Isopoda) }
{ Oniscus, genus_Oniscus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Oniscidae,#m (type genus of the Oniscidae; woodlice that cannot roll into a ball) }
{ Porcellionidae, family_Porcellionidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Isopoda,#m (sow bugs) }
{ Porcellio, genus_Porcellio, arthropod_genus,@ family_Porcellionidae,#m (Old World genus of isopod crustaceans) }
{ sow_bug, woodlouse1,@ genus_Porcellio,#m genus_Oniscus,#m (terrestrial isopod having an oval segmented body (a shape like a sow)) }
{ sea_louse, sea_slater, isopod,@ (marine isopod crustacean) }

{ Amphipoda, order_Amphipoda, animal_order,@ subclass_Malacostraca,#m (small flat-bodied semiterrestrial crustaceans: whale lice; sand-hoppers; skeleton shrimp) }
{ amphipod, malacostracan_crustacean,@ order_Amphipoda,#m (a kind of malacostracan crustacean) }
{ Orchestiidae, family_Orchestiidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Amphipoda,#m (beach fleas) }
{ Orchestia, genus_Orchestia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Orchestiidae,#m (type genus of the family Orchestiidae) }
{ beach_flea, sand_hopper, sandhopper, sand_flea, amphipod,@ genus_Orchestia,#m (small amphipod crustaceans that hop like fleas; common on ocean beaches) }
{ Caprella, genus_Caprella, arthropod_genus,@ order_Amphipoda,#m (skeleton shrimp) }
{ skeleton_shrimp, amphipod,@ genus_Caprella,#m (small amphipod crustacean having a grotesque form suggestive of the praying mantis; found chiefly on seaweed) }
{ Cyamus, genus_Cyamus, arthropod_genus,@ order_Amphipoda,#m (whale lice) }
{ whale_louse, amphipod,@ genus_Cyamus,#m (amphipod crustacean parasitic on cetaceans) }

{ Entomostraca, subclass_Entomostraca, noun.group:class2,@ class_Crustacea,#m (in some older classifications includes the Branchiopoda and Copepoda and Ostracoda and Cirripedia; no longer in technical use) }
{ [ Branchiopoda, adj.pert:branchiopodous,+ ] subclass_Branchiopoda, noun.group:class2,@ class_Crustacea,#m (primitive aquatic mainly freshwater crustaceans: fairy shrimps; brine shrimps; tadpole shrimps; can shrimps; water fleas) }
{ branchiopod_crustacean, branchiopod, branchiopodan, crustacean,@ (aquatic crustaceans typically having a carapace and many pairs of leaflike appendages used for swimming as well as respiration and feeding) }
{ genus_Daphnia, arthropod_genus,@ subclass_Branchiopoda,#m (water fleas) }
{ daphnia, water_flea1, branchiopod_crustacean,@ genus_Daphnia,#m (minute freshwater crustacean having a round body enclosed in a transparent shell; moves about like a flea by means of hairy branched antennae) }
{ Anostraca, order_Anostraca, animal_order,@ subclass_Branchiopoda,#m (small aquatic crustaceans lacking a carapace: fairy shrimps; brine shrimps) }
{ Artemia, genus_Artemia, Chirocephalus, genus_Chirocephalus, arthropod_genus,@ order_Anostraca,#m (fairy shrimp; brine shrimp) }
{ fairy_shrimp, branchiopod_crustacean,@ genus_Artemia,#m (small freshwater branchiopod having a transparent body with many appendages; swims on its back) }
{ brine_shrimp, Artemia_salina, branchiopod_crustacean,@ genus_Artemia,#m (common to saline lakes) }
{ Notostraca, order_Notostraca, animal_order,@ subclass_Branchiopoda,#m (small freshwater crustaceans with a shield-shaped carapace) }
{ Triopidae, family_Triopidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Notostraca,#m (a family of Notostraca) }
{ Triops, genus_Triops, arthropod_genus,@ subclass_Branchiopoda,#m (type genus of the family Triopidae: small crustaceans with a small third median eye) }
{ tadpole_shrimp, branchiopod_crustacean,@ genus_Triops,#m (a kind of branchiopod crustacean) }
{ Copepoda, subclass_Copepoda, noun.group:class2,@ class_Crustacea,#m (minute planktonic or parasitic crustaceans) }
{ copepod, copepod_crustacean, crustacean,@ subclass_Copepoda,#m plankton,#p (minute marine or freshwater crustaceans usually having six pairs of limbs on the thorax; some abundant in plankton and others parasitic on fish) }
{ brit2, britt2, copepod,@ (minute crustaceans forming food for right whales) }
{ genus_Cyclops, arthropod_genus,@ subclass_Copepoda,#m (copepod water fleas) }
{ cyclops, water_flea2, copepod_crustacean,@ genus_Cyclops,#m (minute free-swimming freshwater copepod having a large median eye and pear-shaped body and long antennae used in swimming; important in some food chains and as intermediate hosts of parasitic worms that affect man e.g. Guinea worms) }
{ Branchiura, order_Branchiura, animal_order,@ subclass_Copepoda,#m (copepods with suctorial mouthparts; parasitic on fishes) }
{ fish_louse, copepod,@ order_Branchiura,#m (a kind of copepod) }
{ Ostracoda, subclass_Ostracoda, noun.group:class2,@ class_Crustacea,#m (seed shrimps) }
{ seed_shrimp, mussel_shrimp, ostracod, crustacean,@ subclass_Ostracoda,#m (tiny marine and freshwater crustaceans with a shrimp-like body enclosed in a bivalve shell) }

{ Cirripedia, subclass_Cirripedia, noun.group:class2,@ class_Crustacea,#m (barnacles) }
{ barnacle1, cirriped, cirripede, crustacean,@ subclass_Cirripedia,#m (marine crustaceans with feathery food-catching appendages; free-swimming as larvae; as adults form a hard shell and live attached to submerged surfaces) }
{ Balanidae, family_Balanidae, arthropod_family,@ subclass_Cirripedia,#m (stalkless barnacles) }
{ Balanus, genus_Balanus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Balanidae,#m (type genus of the family Balanidae) }
{ acorn_barnacle, rock_barnacle, Balanus_balanoides, barnacle1,@ genus_Balanus,#m (barnacle that attaches to rocks especially in intertidal zones) }
{ Lepadidae, family_Lepadidae, arthropod_family,@ subclass_Cirripedia,#m (goose barnacles) }
{ Lepas, genus_Lepas, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lepadidae,#m (type genus of the family Lepadidae) }
{ goose_barnacle, gooseneck_barnacle, Lepas_fascicularis, barnacle1,@ genus_Lepas,#m (stalked barnacle that attaches to ship bottoms or floating timbers) }

{ Onychophora, class_Onychophora, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Arthropoda,#m (enigmatic small elongated wormlike terrestrial invertebrates of damp dark habitats in warm regions; distinct from the phylum Annelida; resemble slugs with legs and are sometimes described as the missing link between arthropods and annelids) }
{ onychophoran, velvet_worm, peripatus, arthropod,@ class_Onychophora,#m (any of numerous velvety-skinned wormlike carnivorous animals common in tropical forests having characteristics of both arthropods and annelid worms) }
{ Peripatidae, family_Peripatidae, arthropod_family,@ class_Onychophora,#m (a family of Onychophora) }
{ genus_Peripatus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Peripatidae,#m (type genus of Peripatidae; onychophorans of chiefly New World tropical regions) }
{ Plicatoperipatus, genus_Plicatoperipatus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Peripatidae,#m (a genus of Peripatidae) }
{ Plicatoperipatus_jamaicensis, onychophoran,@ genus_Plicatoperipatus,#m (a kind of onychophoran) }
{ Peripatopsidae, family_Peripatopsidae, arthropod_family,@ class_Onychophora,#m (a family of Onychophora) }
{ Peripatopsis, genus_Peripatopsis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Peripatopsidae,#m (type genus of Peripatopsidae; onychophorans of chiefly Asiatic and African tropical regions) }

{ wading_bird, [ wader1, verb.motion:wade,+ ] aquatic_bird,@ (any of many long-legged birds that wade in water in search of food) }
{ Ciconiiformes, order_Ciconiiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (order of chiefly tropical marsh-dwelling fish-eating wading birds with long legs and bills and (except for flamingos) unwebbed feet: herons; storks; spoonbills; flamingos; ibises) }
{ Ciconiidae, family_Ciconiidae, bird_family,@ order_Ciconiiformes,#m (storks) }
{ stork, wading_bird,@ family_Ciconiidae,#m (large mostly Old World wading birds typically having white-and-black plumage) }
{ Ciconia, genus_Ciconia, bird_genus,@ family_Ciconiidae,#m (type genus of the Ciconiidae: European storks) }
{ white_stork, Ciconia_ciconia, stork,@ genus_Ciconia,#m (the common stork of Europe; white with black wing feathers and a red bill) }
{ black_stork, Ciconia_nigra, stork,@ genus_Ciconia,#m (Old World stork that is glossy black above and white below) }
{ Leptoptilus, genus_Leptoptilus, bird_genus,@ family_Ciconiidae,#m (adjutant birds and marabous) }
{ adjutant_bird, adjutant, adjutant_stork, Leptoptilus_dubius, stork,@ genus_Leptoptilus,#m (large Indian stork with a military gait) }
{ marabou1, marabout, marabou_stork, Leptoptilus_crumeniferus, stork,@ genus_Leptoptilus,#m (large African black-and-white carrion-eating stork; its downy underwing feathers are used to trim garments) }
{ Anastomus, genus_Anastomus, bird_genus,@ family_Ciconiidae,#m (openbills) }
{ openbill, stork,@ genus_Anastomus,#m (stork with a grooved bill whose upper and lower parts touch only at the base and tip) }
{ genus_Jabiru, bird_genus,@ family_Ciconiidae,#m (jabirus) }
{ jabiru1, Jabiru_mycteria, stork,@ genus_Jabiru,#m (large white stork of warm regions of the world especially America) }
{ Ephippiorhynchus, genus_Ephippiorhynchus, bird_genus,@ family_Ciconiidae,#m (saddlebills) }
{ saddlebill, jabiru2, Ephippiorhynchus_senegalensis, stork,@ genus_Ephippiorhynchus,#m (large black-and-white stork of tropical Africa; its red bill has a black band around the middle) }
{ Xenorhyncus, genus_Xenorhyncus, bird_genus,@ family_Ciconiidae,#m (East Indian and Australian storks) }
{ policeman_bird, black-necked_stork, jabiru3, Xenorhyncus_asiaticus, stork,@ genus_Xenorhyncus,#m (large mostly white Australian stork) }
{ Mycteria, genus_Mycteria, bird_genus,@ family_Ciconiidae,#m (a genus of storks of the family Ciconiidae now including only the American wood ibis) }
{ wood_ibis1, wood_stork1, flinthead, Mycteria_americana, stork,@ genus_Mycteria,#m (an American stork that resembles the true ibises in having a downward-curved bill; inhabits wooded swamps of New World tropics) }
{ Balaenicipitidae, family_Balaenicipitidae, bird_family,@ order_Ciconiiformes,#m (shoebills) }
{ Balaeniceps, genus_Balaeniceps, bird_genus,@ family_Balaenicipitidae,#m (type genus of the Balaenicipitidae: shoebills) }
{ shoebill, shoebird, Balaeniceps_rex, wading_bird,@ genus_Balaeniceps,#m (large stork-like bird of the valley of the White Nile with a broad bill suggesting a wooden shoe) }
{ Threskiornithidae, family_Threskiornithidae, family_Ibidiidae, bird_family,@ order_Ciconiiformes,#m (ibises) }
{ ibis, wading_bird,@ family_Threskiornithidae,#m (wading birds of warm regions having long slender down-curved bills) }
{ genus_Ibis, bird_genus,@ family_Threskiornithidae,#m (ibises) }
{ wood_ibis2, wood_stork2, Ibis_ibis, ibis,@ genus_Ibis,#m (any of several Old World birds of the genus Ibis) }
{ Threskiornis, genus_Threskiornis, bird_genus,@ family_Threskiornithidae,#m (type genus of the Threskiornithidae) }
{ sacred_ibis, Threskiornis_aethiopica, ibis,@ genus_Threskiornis,#m (African ibis venerated by ancient Egyptians) }
{ Plataleidae, family_Plataleidae, bird_family,@ order_Ciconiiformes,#m (spoonbills) }
{ spoonbill, wading_bird,@ family_Plataleidae,#m (wading birds having a long flat bill with a tip like a spoon) }
{ Platalea, genus_Platalea, bird_genus,@ family_Plataleidae,#m (type genus of the Plataleidae) }
{ common_spoonbill, Platalea_leucorodia, spoonbill,@ genus_Platalea,#m (pure white crested spoonbill of southern Eurasia and northeastern Africa) }
{ Ajaia, genus_Ajaia, bird_genus,@ genus_Platalea,#m (a genus of Platalea) }
{ roseate_spoonbill, Ajaia_ajaja, spoonbill,@ genus_Ajaia,#m (tropical rose-colored New World spoonbill) }
{ Phoenicopteridae, family_Phoenicopteridae, bird_family,@ order_Ciconiiformes,#m (flamingos) }
{ flamingo, wading_bird,@ family_Phoenicopteridae,#m (large pink to scarlet web-footed wading bird with down-bent bill; inhabits brackish lakes) }
{ Ardeidae, family_Ardeidae, bird_family,@ order_Ciconiiformes,#m (herons; egrets; night herons; bitterns) }
{ heron, wading_bird,@ family_Ardeidae,#m (grey or white wading bird with long neck and long legs and (usually) long bill) }
{ Ardea, genus_Ardea, bird_genus,@ family_Ardeidae,#m (type genus of the Ardeidae: large New and Old World herons) }
{ great_blue_heron, Ardea_herodius, heron,@ genus_Ardea,#m (large American heron having bluish-grey plumage) }
{ great_white_heron1, Ardea_occidentalis, heron,@ genus_Ardea,#m (large white heron of Florida and the Florida Keys) }
{ egret, heron,@ (any of various usually white herons having long plumes during breeding season) }
{ Egretta, genus_Egretta, bird_genus,@ family_Ardeidae,#m (small Old and New World herons) }
{ little_blue_heron, Egretta_caerulea, heron,@ genus_Egretta,#m (small bluish-grey heron of the western hemisphere) }
{ snowy_egret, snowy_heron, Egretta_thula, egret,@ genus_Egretta,#m (small New World egret) }
{ little_egret, Egretta_garzetta, egret,@ genus_Egretta,#m (Old World egret) }
{ Casmerodius, genus_Casmerodius, bird_genus,@ family_Ardeidae,#m (a white egrets) }
{ great_white_heron2, Casmerodius_albus, egret,@ genus_Casmerodius,#m genus_Egretta,#m (widely distributed Old World white egret) }
{ American_egret, great_white_heron3, Egretta_albus, egret,@ genus_Egretta,#m (a common egret of the genus Egretta found in America; it is a variety of the Old World white egret Casmerodius albus) }
{ Bubulcus, genus_Bubulcus, bird_genus,@ family_Ardeidae,#m (small white egrets) }
{ cattle_egret, Bubulcus_ibis, egret,@ genus_Bubulcus,#m (small white egret widely distributed in warm regions often found around grazing animals) }
{ night_heron, night_raven2, heron,@ (nocturnal or crepuscular herons) }
{ Nycticorax, genus_Nycticorax, bird_genus,@ family_Ardeidae,#m (Old World night herons) }
{ black-crowned_night_heron, Nycticorax_nycticorax, night_heron,@ genus_Nycticorax,#m (night heron of both Old and New Worlds) }
{ Nyctanassa, genus_Nyctanassa, bird_genus,@ family_Ardeidae,#m (American night herons) }
{ yellow-crowned_night_heron, Nyctanassa_violacea, night_heron,@ genus_Nyctanassa,#m (North American night heron) }
{ Cochlearius, genus_Cochlearius, bird_genus,@ family_Ardeidae,#m (boatbills) }
{ boatbill, boat-billed_heron, broadbill4, Cochlearius_cochlearius, heron,@ genus_Cochlearius,#m (tropical American heron related to night herons) }
{ bittern, heron,@ (relatively small compact tawny-brown heron with nocturnal habits and a booming cry; found in marshes) }
{ Botaurus, genus_Botaurus, bird_genus,@ family_Ardeidae,#m (bitterns) }
{ American_bittern, stake_driver, Botaurus_lentiginosus, bittern,@ genus_Botaurus,#m (a kind of bittern) }
{ European_bittern, Botaurus_stellaris, bittern,@ genus_Botaurus,#m (a kind of bittern) }
{ Ixobrychus, genus_Ixobrychus, bird_genus,@ family_Ardeidae,#m (bitterns) }
{ least_bittern, Ixobrychus_exilis, bittern,@ genus_Ixobrychus,#m (small American bittern) }

{ Gruiformes, order_Gruiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (inland marsh-dwelling birds with long legs and necks and bills that wade in water in search of food: cranes; rails; bustards) }
{ Gruidae, family_Gruidae, bird_family,@ order_Gruiformes,#m (cranes) }
{ [ crane, verb.body:crane,+ ] wading_bird,@ family_Gruidae,#m (large long-necked wading bird of marshes and plains in many parts of the world) }
{ Grus, genus_Grus, bird_genus,@ family_Gruidae,#m (type genus of the Gruidae: typical cranes) }
{ whooping_crane, whooper1, Grus_americana, crane,@ genus_Grus,#m (rare North American crane having black-and-white plumage and a trumpeting call) }
{ Aramus, genus_Aramus, bird_genus,@ order_Gruiformes,#m (genus of large brown long-billed wading birds found in warm swampy regions of the western hemisphere: courlan; limpkin) }
{ courlan, Aramus_guarauna, wading_bird,@ order_Gruiformes,#m (wading bird of South America and Central America) }
{ limpkin, Aramus_pictus, wading_bird,@ order_Gruiformes,#m (wading bird of Florida, Cuba and Jamaica having a drooping bill and a distinctive wailing call) }
{ Cariamidae, family_Cariamidae, bird_family,@ order_Gruiformes,#m (crane-like South American wading birds) }
{ Cariama, genus_Cariama, bird_genus,@ family_Cariamidae,#m (the type genus of the Cariamidae comprising only the crested cariama) }
{ crested_cariama, seriema1, Cariama_cristata, wading_bird,@ genus_Cariama,#m (Brazilian Cariama; sole representative of the genus Cariama) }
{ genus_Chunga, bird_genus,@ family_Cariamidae,#m (a genus of Cariamidae) }
{ chunga, seriema2, Chunga_burmeisteri, wading_bird,@ genus_Chunga,#m (Argentinian Cariama) }
{ Rallidae, family_Rallidae, bird_family,@ order_Gruiformes,#m (rails; crakes; gallinules; coots) }
{ rail, wading_bird,@ family_Rallidae,#m (any of numerous widely distributed small wading birds of the family Rallidae having short wings and very long toes for running on soft mud) }
{ Gallirallus, genus_Gallirallus, bird_genus,@ family_Rallidae,#m (rails of New Zealand) }
{ weka, maori_hen, wood_hen, rail,@ genus_Gallirallus,#m (flightless New Zealand rail of thievish disposition having short wings each with a spur used in fighting) }
{ crake, rail,@ (any of several short-billed Old World rails) }
{ Crex, genus_Crex, bird_genus,@ family_Rallidae,#m (corncrakes) }
{ corncrake, land_rail, Crex_crex, crake,@ genus_Crex,#m (common Eurasian rail that frequents grain fields) }
{ Porzana, genus_Porzana, bird_genus,@ family_Rallidae,#m (spotted crakes) }
{ spotted_crake, Porzana_porzana, crake,@ genus_Porzana,#m (Eurasian rail of swamps and marshes) }
{ Gallinula, genus_Gallinula, bird_genus,@ family_Rallidae,#m (gallinules) }
{ gallinule, marsh_hen1, water_hen1, swamphen, aquatic_bird,@ genus_Gallinula,#m (any of various small aquatic birds of the genus Gallinula distinguished from rails by a frontal shield and a resemblance to domestic hens) }
{ Florida_gallinule, Gallinula_chloropus_cachinnans, gallinule,@ genus_Gallinula,#m (North American dark bluish-grey gallinule) }
{ moorhen1, Gallinula_chloropus, gallinule,@ genus_Gallinula,#m (black gallinule that inhabits ponds and lakes) }
{ purple_gallinule, gallinule,@ (gallinules with showy purplish plumage) }
{ Porphyrio, genus_Porphyrio, bird_genus,@ family_Rallidae,#m (Old World purple gallinules) }
{ European_gallinule, Porphyrio_porphyrio, purple_gallinule,@ (purple gallinule of southern Europe) }
{ Porphyrula, genus_Porphyrula, bird_genus,@ family_Rallidae,#m (American purple gallinules) }
{ American_gallinule, Porphyrula_martinica, purple_gallinule,@ genus_Porphyrula,#m (American purple gallinule) }
{ genus_Notornis, bird_genus,@ family_Rallidae,#m (a genus of Rallidae) }
{ notornis, takahe, Notornis_mantelli, rail,@ genus_Notornis,#m (flightless New Zealand birds similar to gallinules) }
{ Fulica, genus_Fulica, bird_genus,@ family_Rallidae,#m (coots) }
{ coot, rail,@ genus_Fulica,#m noun.group:covert,#m (slate-black slow-flying birds somewhat resembling ducks) }
{ American_coot, marsh_hen2, mud_hen, water_hen2, Fulica_americana, coot,@ genus_Fulica,#m (a coot found in North America) }
{ Old_World_coot, Fulica_atra, coot,@ genus_Fulica,#m (a coot found in Eurasia) }

{ Otides, suborder_Otides, animal_order,@ order_Gruiformes,#m (terrestrial game birds of the Old World and Australia: bustards) }
{ Otididae, family_Otididae, bird_family,@ order_Gruiformes,#m (bustards) }
{ bustard, wading_bird,@ family_Otididae,#m (large heavy-bodied chiefly terrestrial game bird capable of powerful swift flight; classified with wading birds but frequents grassy steppes) }
{ Otis, genus_Otis, bird_genus,@ family_Otididae,#m (type genus of the Otididae: European bustard) }
{ great_bustard, Otis_tarda, bustard,@ genus_Otis,#m (largest European land bird) }
{ Choriotis, genus_Choriotis, bird_genus,@ family_Otididae,#m (Australian bustard) }
{ plain_turkey, Choriotis_australis, bustard,@ genus_Choriotis,#m (popular Australian game bird) }

{ Turnicidae, family_Turnicidae, bird_family,@ order_Gruiformes,#m (small Old World birds resembling but not related to true quail) }
{ Turnix, genus_Turnix, bird_genus,@ family_Turnicidae,#m (type genus of the Turnicidae: button quail) }
{ button_quail, button-quail, bustard_quail, hemipode, wading_bird,@ genus_Turnix,#m (small quail-like terrestrial bird of southern Eurasia and northern Africa that lacks a hind toe; classified with wading birds but inhabits grassy plains) }
{ striped_button_quail, Turnix_sylvatica, button_quail,@ (a variety of button quail having stripes) }
{ ortygan, wading_bird,@ genus_Turnix,#m (any of several East Indian birds) }
{ Pedionomus, genus_Pedionomus, bird_genus,@ family_Turnicidae,#m (plain wanderer) }
{ plain_wanderer, Pedionomus_torquatus, wading_bird,@ genus_Pedionomus,#m (small Australian bird related to the button quail; classified as wading bird but inhabits plains) }

{ Psophiidae, family_Psophiidae, bird_family,@ order_Gruiformes,#m (trumpeters) }
{ Psophia, genus_Psophia, bird_genus,@ family_Psophiidae,#m (type genus of the Psophiidae: trumpeters) }
{ trumpeter1, wading_bird,@ genus_Psophia,#m (large gregarious crane-like bird of the forests of South America having glossy black plumage and a loud prolonged cry; easily domesticated) }
{ Brazilian_trumpeter, Psophia_crepitans, trumpeter1,@ (trumpeter of Brazil and Guiana; often kept to protect poultry in Brazil) }

{ Charadriiformes, order_Charadriiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (large diverse order of aquatic birds found along seacoasts and inland waters: shorebirds and coastal diving birds; most feed on anima life) }

{ seabird, sea_bird, seafowl, aquatic_bird,@ (a bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.) }

{ Charadrii, suborder_Charadrii, animal_order,@ order_Charadriiformes,#m (shorebirds: plovers; sandpipers; avocets; phalaropes; coursers; stone curlews) }
{ Limicolae, suborder_Limicolae, animal_order,@ order_Charadriiformes,#m (term used in some classifications for migratory shorebirds; coextensive with the Charadrii) }
{ shorebird, shore_bird, limicoline_bird, wading_bird,@ suborder_Charadrii,#m (any of numerous wading birds that frequent mostly seashores and estuaries) }

{ Charadriidae, family_Charadriidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Charadrii,#m (plover family) }
{ plover, shorebird,@ family_Charadriidae,#m (any of numerous chiefly shorebirds of relatively compact build having straight bills and large pointed wings; closely related to the sandpipers) }
{ Charadrius, genus_Charadrius, bird_genus,@ family_Charadriidae,#m (type genus of the Charadriidae: plovers) }
{ piping_plover, Charadrius_melodus, plover,@ genus_Charadrius,#m (small plover of eastern North America) }
{ killdeer, kildeer, killdeer_plover, Charadrius_vociferus, plover,@ genus_Charadrius,#m (American plover of inland waters and fields having a distinctive cry) }
{ dotterel, dotrel, Charadrius_morinellus, Eudromias_morinellus, plover,@ genus_Charadrius,#m (rare plover of upland areas of Eurasia) }
{ Pluvialis, genus_Pluvialis, bird_genus,@ family_Charadriidae,#m (golden plovers) }
{ golden_plover, plover,@ genus_Pluvialis,#m (plovers of Europe and America having the backs marked with golden-yellow spots) }
{ Vanellus, genus_Vanellus, bird_genus,@ family_Charadriidae,#m (Eurasian lapwings) }
{ lapwing, green_plover, peewit1, pewit1, plover,@ genus_Vanellus,#m (large crested Old World plover having wattles and spurs) }
{ Arenaria, genus_Arenaria, bird_genus,@ family_Charadriidae,#m (turnstones) }
{ turnstone, plover,@ genus_Arenaria,#m (migratory shorebirds of the plover family that turn over stones in searching for food) }
{ ruddy_turnstone, Arenaria_interpres, turnstone,@ (common Arctic turnstone that winters in South America and Australia) }
{ black_turnstone, Arenaria-Melanocephala, turnstone,@ (common turnstone of the Pacific coast of North America) }

{ Scolopacidae, family_Scolopacidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Charadrii,#m (sandpiper family: sandpipers; woodcocks; snipes; tattlers; curlews; godwits; dowitchers) }
{ sandpiper, shorebird,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (any of numerous usually small wading birds having a slender bill and piping call; closely related to the plovers) }
{ Aphriza, genus_Aphriza, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (a genus of Scolopacidae) }
{ surfbird, Aphriza_virgata, shorebird,@ genus_Aphriza,#m (sandpiper-like shorebird of Pacific coasts of North America and South America) }
{ Actitis, genus_Actitis, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (a genus of Scolopacidae) }
{ European_sandpiper, Actitis_hypoleucos, sandpiper,@ genus_Actitis,#m (a variety of sandpiper) }
{ spotted_sandpiper, Actitis_macularia, sandpiper,@ genus_Actitis,#m (common North American sandpiper) }
{ Erolia, genus_Erolia, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (a genus of Scolopacidae) }
{ least_sandpiper, stint, Erolia_minutilla, sandpiper,@ genus_Erolia,#m (smallest American sandpiper) }
{ red-backed_sandpiper, dunlin, Erolia_alpina, sandpiper,@ genus_Erolia,#m (small common sandpiper that breeds in northern or Arctic regions and winters in southern United States or Mediterranean regions) }
{ Tringa, genus_Tringa, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (a genus of Scolopacidae) }
{ greenshank, Tringa_nebularia, sandpiper,@ genus_Tringa,#m (large European sandpiper with greenish legs) }
{ redshank, Tringa_totanus, sandpiper,@ genus_Tringa,#m (a common Old World wading bird with long red legs) }
{ yellowlegs, sandpiper,@ genus_Tringa,#m (either of two North American shorebird with yellow legs) }
{ greater_yellowlegs, Tringa_melanoleuca, yellowlegs,@ (a variety of yellowlegs) }
{ lesser_yellowlegs, Tringa_flavipes, yellowlegs,@ (a variety of yellowlegs) }
{ Calidris, genus_Calidris, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (a genus of Scolopacidae) }
{ pectoral_sandpiper, jacksnipe1, Calidris_melanotos, sandpiper,@ genus_Calidris,#m (American sandpiper that inflates its chest when courting) }
{ knot, greyback2, grayback2, Calidris_canutus, sandpiper,@ genus_Calidris,#m (a sandpiper that breeds in the Arctic and winters in the southern hemisphere) }
{ curlew_sandpiper, Calidris_Ferruginea, sandpiper,@ genus_Calidris,#m (Old World sandpiper with a curved bill like a curlew) }
{ Crocethia, genus_Crocethia, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (a genus of Scolopacidae) }
{ sanderling, Crocethia_alba, sandpiper,@ genus_Crocethia,#m (small sandpiper that breeds in the Arctic and migrates southward along sandy coasts in most of world) }
{ Bartramia, genus_Bartramia, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (a genus of Scolopacidae) }
{ upland_sandpiper, upland_plover, Bartramian_sandpiper, Bartramia_longicauda, sandpiper,@ genus_Bartramia,#m (large plover-like sandpiper of North American fields and uplands) }
{ Philomachus, genus_Philomachus, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (ruffs) }
{ ruff, Philomachus_pugnax, sandpiper,@ genus_Philomachus,#m (common Eurasian sandpiper; the male has an erectile neck ruff in breeding season) }
{ reeve, ruff,@ (female ruff) }
{ tattler, sandpiper,@ (any of several long-legged shorebirds having a loud whistling cry) }
{ Heteroscelus, genus_Heteroscelus, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (tattlers) }
{ Polynesian_tattler, Heteroscelus_incanus, tattler,@ genus_Heteroscelus,#m (tattler of Pacific coastal regions) }
{ Catoptrophorus, genus_Catoptrophorus, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (willet) }
{ willet, Catoptrophorus_semipalmatus, tattler,@ genus_Catoptrophorus,#m (large North American shorebird of eastern and Gulf Coasts) }
{ woodcock, shorebird,@ (game bird of the sandpiper family that resembles a snipe) }
{ Scolopax, genus_Scolopax, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (type of the Scolopacidae: Old World woodcocks) }
{ Eurasian_woodcock, Scolopax_rusticola, woodcock,@ genus_Scolopax,#m (short-legged long-billed migratory Old World woodcock) }
{ Philohela, genus_Philohela, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (American woodcocks) }
{ American_woodcock, woodcock_snipe1, Philohela_minor, woodcock,@ genus_Philohela,#m (small long-billed woodcock; prized as a game bird) }
{ Gallinago, genus_Gallinago, Capella, genus_Capella, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (snipes) }
{ [ snipe, verb.competition:snipe1,+ ] shorebird,@ noun.group:wisp,#m (Old or New World straight-billed game bird of the sandpiper family; of marshy areas; similar to the woodcocks) }
{ whole_snipe, Gallinago_gallinago, snipe,@ genus_Gallinago,#m (common snipe of Eurasia and Africa) }
{ Wilson's_snipe, Gallinago_gallinago_delicata, snipe,@ genus_Gallinago,#m (American snipe) }
{ great_snipe, woodcock_snipe2, Gallinago_media, snipe,@ genus_Gallinago,#m (Old World snipe larger and darker than the whole snipe) }
{ Limnocryptes, genus_Limnocryptes, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (snipe) }
{ jacksnipe2, half_snipe, Limnocryptes_minima, snipe,@ genus_Limnocryptes,#m (a small short-billed Old World snipe) }
{ Limnodromus, genus_Limnodromus, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (dowitchers) }
{ dowitcher, snipe,@ genus_Limnodromus,#m (shorebird of the sandpiper family that resembles a snipe) }
{ greyback1, grayback1, Limnodromus_griseus, dowitcher,@ (a dowitcher with a grey back) }
{ red-breasted_snipe, Limnodromus_scolopaceus, dowitcher,@ (a dowitcher with a red breast) }
{ Numenius, genus_Numenius, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (curlews) }
{ curlew, shorebird,@ genus_Numenius,#m (large migratory shorebirds of the sandpiper family; closely related to woodcocks but having a down-curved bill) }
{ European_curlew, Numenius_arquata, curlew,@ (common Eurasian curlew) }
{ Eskimo_curlew, Numenius_borealis, curlew,@ (New World curlew that breeds in northern North America) }
{ Limosa, genus_Limosa, bird_genus,@ family_Scolopacidae,#m (godwits) }
{ godwit, shorebird,@ genus_Limosa,#m (large wading bird that resembles a curlew; has a long slightly upturned bill) }
{ Hudsonian_godwit, Limosa_haemastica, godwit,@ (New World godwit) }
{ Himantopus, genus_Himantopus, bird_genus,@ suborder_Charadrii,#m (major one of two genera of stilts; similar to avocets but with straight bills) }
{ stilt1, stiltbird1, longlegs, long-legs, stilt_plover, Himantopus_stilt, shorebird,@ genus_Himantopus,#m (long-legged three-toed black-and-white wading bird of inland ponds and marshes or brackish lagoons) }
{ black-necked_stilt, Himantopus_mexicanus, stilt1,@ genus_Himantopus,#m (stilt of southwestern United States to northern South America having black plumage extending from the head down the back of the neck) }
{ black-winged_stilt, Himantopus_himantopus, stilt1,@ genus_Himantopus,#m (stilt of Europe and Africa and Asia having mostly white plumage but with black wings) }
{ white-headed_stilt, Himantopus_himantopus_leucocephalus, stilt1,@ genus_Himantopus,#m (stilt of the southwest Pacific including Australia and New Zealand having mostly white plumage but with black wings and nape of neck) }
{ kaki, Himantopus_novae-zelandiae, stilt1,@ genus_himantopus,#m (blackish stilt of New Zealand sometimes considered a color phase of the white-headed stilt) }
{ Cladorhyncus, genus_Cladorhyncus, bird_genus,@ suborder_Charadrii,#m (one of two genera of stilts; similar to avocets but with straight bills) }
{ stilt2, Australian_stilt, shorebird,@ genus_Cladorhyncus,#m (long-legged three-toed wading bird of brackish marshes of Australia) }
{ banded_stilt, Cladorhyncus_leucocephalum, Australian_stilt,@ genus_Cladorhyncus,#m (web-footed Australian stilt with reddish-brown pectoral markings) }

{ Recurvirostridae, family_Recurvirostridae, bird_family,@ suborder_Charadrii,#m (long-legged shorebirds) }
{ Recurvirostra, genus_Recurvirostra, bird_genus,@ family_Recurvirostridae,#m (type genus of the Recurvirostridae: avocets) }
{ avocet, shorebird,@ genus_Recurvirostra,#m (long-legged web-footed black-and-white shorebird with slender upward-curving bill) }

{ Haematopodidae, family_Haematopodidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Charadrii,#m (oystercatchers) }
{ Haematopus, genus_Haematopus, bird_genus,@ order_Charadriiformes,#m (oystercatchers) }
{ oystercatcher, oyster_catcher, shorebird,@ genus_Haematopus,#m (black-and-white shorebird with stout legs and bill; feed on oysters etc.) }

{ Phalaropidae, family_Phalaropidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Charadrii,#m (phalaropes) }
{ phalarope, shorebird,@ family_Phalaropidae,#m (small sandpiper-like shorebird having lobate toes and being good swimmers; breed in the Arctic and winter in the tropics) }
{ Phalaropus, genus_Phalaropus, bird_genus,@ family_Phalaropidae,#m (type genus of the Phalaropidae: phalaropes) }
{ red_phalarope, Phalaropus_fulicarius, phalarope,@ genus_Phalaropus,#m (phalarope of northern oceans and lakes) }
{ Lobipes, genus_Lobipes, bird_genus,@ family_Phalaropidae,#m (a genus of Phalaropidae) }
{ northern_phalarope, Lobipes_lobatus, phalarope,@ genus_Lobipes,#m (breeds in Arctic regions of Old and New Worlds; large flocks often seen far out at sea) }
{ Steganopus, genus_Steganopus, bird_genus,@ family_Phalaropidae,#m (a genus of Phalaropidae) }
{ Wilson's_phalarope, Steganopus_tricolor, phalarope,@ genus_Steganopus,#m (breeds on the northern great plains of Canada) }

{ Glareolidae, family_Glareolidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Charadrii,#m (Old World shorebirds: pratincoles and coursers) }
{ Glareola, genus_Glareola, bird_genus,@ family_Glareolidae,#m (type genus of the Glareolidae: the pratincoles) }
{ pratincole, glareole, shorebird,@ genus_Glareola,#m (Old World shorebird with long pointed wings and short legs; closely related to the coursers) }
{ courser, shorebird,@ family_Glareolidae,#m (swift-footed terrestrial plover-like bird of southern Asia and Africa; related to the pratincoles) }
{ Cursorius, genus_Cursorius, bird_genus,@ family_Glareolidae,#m (coursers) }
{ cream-colored_courser, Cursorius_cursor, courser,@ genus_Cursorius,#m (courser of desert and semidesert regions of the Old World) }
{ Pluvianus, genus_Pluvianus, bird_genus,@ family_Glareolidae,#m (coursers) }
{ crocodile_bird, Pluvianus_aegyptius, courser,@ genus_Pluvianus,#m (African courser that feeds on insect parasites on crocodiles) }

{ Burhinidae, family_Burhinidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Charadrii,#m (large wading birds resembling the plovers: stone curlews) }
{ Burhinus, genus_Burhinus, bird_genus,@ family_Burhinidae,#m (type genus of the Burhinidae: stone curlews) }
{ stone_curlew, thick-knee, Burhinus_oedicnemus, shorebird,@ genus_Burhinus,#m (large-headed large-eyed crepuscular or nocturnal shorebird of the Old World and tropical America having a thickened knee joint) }


{ coastal_diving_bird, seabird,@ order_Charadriiformes,#m (gull family; skimmer family; jaeger family; auk family) }

{ Lari, suborder_Lari, animal_order,@ order_Charadriiformes,#m (gulls; terns; jaegers; skimmers) }
{ Laridae, family_Laridae, bird_family,@ suborder_Lari,#m (gull family: gulls and terns) }
{ larid, coastal_diving_bird,@ family_Laridae,#m (long-winged web-footed aquatic bird of the gull family) }
{ gull, seagull, sea_gull, larid,@ (mostly white aquatic bird having long pointed wings and short legs) }
{ Larus, genus_Larus, bird_genus,@ family_Laridae,#m (type genus of the Laridae) }
{ [ mew, verb.communication:mew3,+ verb.communication:mew,+ ] mew_gull, sea_mew, Larus_canus, gull,@ genus_Larus,#m (the common gull of Eurasia and northeastern North America) }
{ black-backed_gull, great_black-backed_gull, cob3, Larus_marinus, gull,@ genus_Larus,#m (white gull having a black back and wings) }
{ herring_gull, Larus_argentatus, gull,@ genus_Larus,#m (large gull of the northern hemisphere) }
{ laughing_gull, blackcap4, pewit3, pewit_gull, Larus_ridibundus, gull,@ genus_Larus,#m (small black-headed European gull) }
{ Pagophila, genus_Pagophila, bird_genus,@ family_Laridae,#m (a genus of Laridae) }
{ ivory_gull, Pagophila_eburnea, gull,@ genus_Pagophila,#m (white Arctic gull; migrates as far south as England and New Brunswick) }
{ Rissa, genus_Rissa, bird_genus,@ family_Laridae,#m (a genus of Laridae) }
{ kittiwake, gull,@ genus_Rissa,#m (small pearl-grey gull of northern regions; nests on cliffs and has a rudimentary hind toe) }
{ Sterninae, subfamily_Sterninae, bird_family,@ family_Laridae,#m (terns) }
{ tern, larid,@ subfamily_Sterninae,#m (small slender gull having narrow wings and a forked tail) }
{ Sterna, genus_Sterna, bird_genus,@ subfamily_Sterninae,#m (a genus of Sterninae) }
{ sea_swallow, Sterna_hirundo, tern,@ genus_Sterna,#m (common tern of Eurasia and America having white black and grey plumage) }
{ Rynchopidae, family_Rynchopidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Lari,#m (coextensive with the genus Rynchops: skimmers) }
{ Rynchops, genus_Rynchops, bird_genus,@ family_Rynchopidae,#m (type genus of the Rynchopidae: skimmers) }
{ skimmer, coastal_diving_bird,@ genus_Rynchops,#m (gull-like seabird that flies along the surface of the water with an elongated lower mandible immersed to skim out food) }
{ Stercorariidae, family_Stercorariidae, bird_family,@ suborder_Lari,#m (jaegers and skuas:) }
{ jaeger, coastal_diving_bird,@ family_Stercorariidae,#m (rapacious seabird that pursues weaker birds to make them drop their prey) }
{ Stercorarius, genus_Stercorarius, bird_genus,@ family_Stercorariidae,#m (type genus of the Stercorariidae: jaegers) }
{ parasitic_jaeger, arctic_skua, Stercorarius_parasiticus, jaeger,@ genus_Stercorarius,#m (a variety of jaeger) }
{ Catharacta, genus_Catharacta, bird_genus,@ family_Stercorariidae,#m (skuas) }
{ skua, bonxie, jaeger,@ genus_Catharacta,#m (gull-like jaeger of northern seas) }
{ great_skua, Catharacta_skua, skua,@ (large brown skua of the northern Atlantic) }

{ Alcidae, family_Alcidae, bird_family,@ order_Charadriiformes,#m (web-footed diving seabirds of northern seas: auks; puffins; guillemots; murres; etc.) }
{ auk, seabird,@ family_Alcidae,#m (black-and-white short-necked web-footed diving bird of northern seas) }
{ auklet, auk,@ (any of several small auks of the northern Pacific coasts) }
{ Alca, genus_Alca, bird_genus,@ family_Alcidae,#m (type genus of the Alcidae comprising solely the razorbill) }
{ razorbill, razor-billed_auk, Alca_torda, auk,@ genus_Alca,#m (black-and-white northern Atlantic auk having a compressed sharp-edged bill) }
{ Plautus, genus_Plautus, bird_genus,@ family_Alcidae,#m (a genus of Alcidae) }
{ little_auk, dovekie, Plautus_alle, auk,@ genus_Plautus,#m (small short-billed auk abundant in Arctic regions) }
{ Pinguinus, genus_Pinguinus, bird_genus,@ family_Alcidae,#m (great auk) }
{ great_auk, Pinguinus_impennis, auk,@ genus_Pinguinus,#m (large flightless auk of rocky islands off northern Atlantic coasts; extinct) }
{ Cepphus, genus_Cepphus, bird_genus,@ family_Alcidae,#m (a genus of birds including: guillemots) }
{ guillemot, auk,@ genus_Cepphus,#m (small black or brown speckled auks of northern seas) }
{ black_guillemot, Cepphus_grylle, guillemot,@ (northern Atlantic guillemot) }
{ pigeon_guillemot, Cepphus_columba, guillemot,@ (northern Pacific guillemot) }
{ Uria, genus_Uria, bird_genus,@ family_Alcidae,#m (murres) }
{ murre, guillemot,@ genus_Uria,#m (black-and-white diving bird of northern seas) }
{ common_murre, Uria_aalge, murre,@ (the most frequent variety of murre) }
{ thick-billed_murre, Uria_lomvia, murre,@ (a variety of murre) }
{ puffin, seabird,@ family_Alcidae,#m (any of two genera of northern seabirds having short necks and brightly colored compressed bills) }
{ Fratercula, genus_Fratercula, bird_genus,@ family_Alcidae,#m (puffins) }
{ Atlantic_puffin, Fratercula_arctica, puffin,@ genus_Fratercula,#m (common puffin of the northern Atlantic) }
{ horned_puffin, Fratercula_corniculata, puffin,@ genus_Fratercula,#m (northern Pacific puffin) }
{ Lunda, genus_Lunda, bird_genus,@ family_Alcidae,#m (puffins) }
{ tufted_puffin, Lunda_cirrhata, puffin,@ genus_Lunda,#m (northern Pacific puffin having a large yellow plume over each eye) }

{ Gaviiformes, order_Gaviiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (large aquatic birds: loons and some extinct forms) }
{ gaviiform_seabird, seabird,@ order_Gaviiformes,#m (seabirds of the order Gaviiformes) }
{ Gavidae, family_Gavidae, bird_family,@ order_Gaviiformes,#m (loon family) }
{ Gavia, genus_Gavia, bird_genus,@ family_Gavidae,#m (type genus of the Gavidae: loons) }
{ loon, diver, gaviiform_seabird,@ genus_Gavia,#m (large somewhat primitive fish-eating diving bird of the northern hemisphere having webbed feet placed far back; related to the grebes) }

{ Podicipitiformes, order_Podicipitiformes, Podicipediformes, order_Podicipediformes, Colymbiformes, order_Colymbiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (grebes) }
{ podicipitiform_seabird, seabird,@ order_Podicipitiformes,#m (aquatic birds related to the loons) }
{ Podicipedidae, family_Podicipedidae, bird_family,@ order_Podicipitiformes,#m (coextensive with the order Podicipitiformes) }
{ Podiceps, genus_Podiceps, bird_genus,@ family_Podicipedidae,#m (type genus of the Podicipedidae: grebes) }
{ grebe, podicipitiform_seabird,@ genus_Podiceps,#m (small compact-bodied almost completely aquatic bird that builds floating nests; similar to loons but smaller and with lobate rather than webbed feet) }
{ great_crested_grebe, Podiceps_cristatus, grebe,@ (large Old World grebe with black ear tufts) }
{ red-necked_grebe, Podiceps_grisegena, grebe,@ (large stocky grebe of circumpolar regions having a dark neck) }
{ black-necked_grebe, eared_grebe, Podiceps_nigricollis, grebe,@ (small grebe with yellow ear tufts and a black neck; found in Eurasia and southern Africa as well as western United States) }
{ dabchick, little_grebe, Podiceps_ruficollis, grebe,@ (small European grebe) }
{ Podilymbus, genus_Podilymbus, bird_genus,@ family_Podicipedidae,#m (a genus of Podicipedidae) }
{ pied-billed_grebe, Podilymbus_podiceps, grebe,@ genus_Podilymbus,#m (American grebe having a black-banded whitish bill) }

{ Pelecaniformes, order_Pelecaniformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (pelicans; frigate birds; gannets; cormorants) }
{ pelecaniform_seabird, seabird,@ (large fish-eating seabird with four-toed webbed feet) }
{ Pelecanidae, family_Pelecanidae, bird_family,@ order_Pelecaniformes,#m (pelicans) }
{ pelican, pelecaniform_seabird,@ family_Pelecanidae,#m (large long-winged warm-water seabird having a large bill with a distensible pouch for fish) }
{ Pelecanus, genus_Pelecanus, bird_genus,@ family_Pelecanidae,#m (type genus of the Pelecanidae) }
{ white_pelican, Pelecanus_erythrorhynchos, pelican,@ genus_Pelecanus,#m (large American pelican; white with black wing feathers) }
{ Old_world_white_pelican, Pelecanus_onocrotalus, pelican,@ genus_Pelecanus,#m (similar to American white pelican) }
{ Fregatidae, family_Fregatidae, bird_family,@ order_Pelecaniformes,#m (frigate birds) }
{ Fregata, genus_Fregata, bird_genus,@ family_Fregatidae,#m (type genus of the Fregatidae) }
{ frigate_bird, man-of-war_bird, pelecaniform_seabird,@ genus_Fregata,#m (long-billed warm-water seabird with wide wingspan and forked tail) }
{ Sulidae, family_Sulidae, bird_family,@ order_Pelecaniformes,#m (gannets and boobies) }
{ gannet, pelecaniform_seabird,@ family_Sulidae,#m (large heavily built seabird with a long stout bill noted for its plunging dives for fish) }
{ Sula, genus_Sula, bird_genus,@ family_Sulidae,#m (type genus of the Sulidae) }
{ solan, solan_goose, solant_goose, Sula_bassana, gannet,@ genus_Sula,#m (very large white gannet with black wing tips) }
{ booby, gannet,@ genus_Sula,#m (small tropical gannet having a bright bill or bright feet or both) }
{ Phalacrocoracidae, family_Phalacrocoracidae, bird_family,@ order_Pelecaniformes,#m (cormorants) }
{ Phalacrocorax, genus_Phalacrocorax, bird_genus,@ family_Phalacrocoracidae,#m (type genus: coextensive with the family Phalacrocoracidae) }
{ cormorant, Phalacrocorax_carbo, pelecaniform_seabird,@ genus_Phalacrocorax,#m (large voracious dark-colored long-necked seabird with a distensible pouch for holding fish; used in Asia to catch fish) }
{ Anhingidae, family_Anhingidae, bird_family,@ order_Pelecaniformes,#m (snakebirds) }
{ genus_Anhinga, bird_genus,@ family_Anhingidae,#m (type genus of the Anhingidae) }
{ snakebird, anhinga, darter1, pelecaniform_seabird,@ genus_Anhinga,#m (fish-eating bird of warm inland waters having a long flexible neck and slender sharp-pointed bill) }
{ water_turkey, Anhinga_anhinga, snakebird,@ (blackish New World snakebird of swampy regions) }
{ Phaethontidae, family_Phaethontidae, bird_family,@ order_Pelecaniformes,#m (tropicbirds) }
{ Phaethon, genus_Phaethon, bird_genus,@ family_Phaethontidae,#m (type genus of the Phaethontidae) }
{ tropic_bird, tropicbird, boatswain_bird, pelecaniform_seabird,@ genus_Phaethon,#m (mostly white web-footed tropical seabird often found far from land) }

{ Sphenisciformes, order_Sphenisciformes, animal_order,@ Class_Aves,#m (penguins) }
{ Spheniscidae, family_Spheniscidae, bird_family,@ order_Sphenisciformes,#m (comprising all existing penguins) }
{ sphenisciform_seabird, seabird,@ order_Sphenisciformes,#m (flightless cold-water seabirds: penguins) }
{ penguin, sphenisciform_seabird,@ family_Spheniscidae,#m (short-legged flightless birds of cold southern especially Antarctic regions having webbed feet and wings modified as flippers) }
{ Pygoscelis, genus_Pygoscelis, bird_genus,@ family_Spheniscidae,#m (a genus of Spheniscidae) }
{ Adelie, Adelie_penguin, Pygoscelis_adeliae, penguin,@ genus_Pygoscelis,#m (medium-sized penguins occurring in large colonies on the Adelie Coast of Antarctica) }
{ Aptenodytes, genus_Aptenodytes, bird_genus,@ family_Spheniscidae,#m (large penguins) }
{ king_penguin, Aptenodytes_patagonica, penguin,@ genus_Aptenodytes,#m (large penguin on islands bordering the Antarctic Circle) }
{ emperor_penguin, Aptenodytes_forsteri, penguin,@ genus_Aptenodytes,#m (the largest penguin; an Antarctic penguin) }
{ Spheniscus, genus_Spheniscus, bird_genus,@ family_Spheniscidae,#m (type genus of the Spheniscidae: jackass penguins) }
{ jackass_penguin, Spheniscus_demersus, penguin,@ genus_Spheniscus,#m (small penguin of South America and southern Africa with a braying call) }
{ Eudyptes, genus_Eudyptes, bird_genus,@ family_Spheniscidae,#m (rock hoppers) }
{ rock_hopper, crested_penguin, penguin,@ genus_Eudyptes,#m (small penguin of the Falkland Islands and New Zealand) }

{ Procellariiformes, order_Procellariiformes, animal_order,@ class_Aves,#m (petrels; albatrosses; shearwaters; diving petrels) }
{ pelagic_bird, oceanic_bird, seabird,@ (bird of the open seas) }
{ procellariiform_seabird, pelagic_bird,@ order_Procellariiformes,#m (large long-winged bird with hooked bill and tubular nostrils that wanders the open seas) }
{ Diomedeidae, family_Diomedeidae, bird_family,@ order_Procellariiformes,#m (albatrosses) }
{ albatross, mollymawk, pelagic_bird,@ family_Diomedeidae,#m (large web-footed birds of the southern hemisphere having long narrow wings; noted for powerful gliding flight) }
{ genus_Diomedea, bird_genus,@ family_Diomedeidae,#m (type of the Diomedeidae) }
{ wandering_albatross, Diomedea_exulans, albatross,@ genus_Diomedea,#m (very large albatross; white with wide black wings) }
{ black-footed_albatross, gooney, gooney_bird, goonie, goony, Diomedea_nigripes, albatross,@ genus_Diomedea,#m (a variety of albatross with black feet) }
{ Procellariidae, family_Procellariidae, bird_family,@ order_Procellariiformes,#m (petrels; fulmars; shearwaters) }
{ petrel, pelagic_bird,@ family_Procellariidae,#m (relatively small long-winged tube-nosed bird that flies far from land) }
{ Procellaria, genus_Procellaria, bird_genus,@ family_Procellariidae,#m (type genus of the Procellariidae) }
{ white-chinned_petrel, Procellaria_aequinoctialis, petrel,@ genus_Procellaria,#m (large black petrel of southern seas having a white mark on the chin) }
{ Macronectes, genus_Macronectes, bird_genus,@ family_Procellariidae,#m (giant petrels) }
{ giant_petrel, giant_fulmar, Macronectes_giganteus, petrel,@ genus_Macronectes,#m (large brownish petrel chiefly of Antarctic seas) }
{ Fulmarus, genus_Fulmarus, bird_genus,@ family_Procellariidae,#m (fulmars) }
{ fulmar, fulmar_petrel, Fulmarus_glacialis, petrel,@ genus_Fulmarus,#m (heavy short-tailed oceanic bird of polar regions) }
{ Puffinus, genus_Puffinus, bird_genus,@ family_Procellariidae,#m (shearwaters) }
{ shearwater, petrel,@ genus_Puffinus,#m (long-winged oceanic bird that in flight skims close to the waves) }
{ Manx_shearwater, Puffinus_puffinus, shearwater,@ (small black-and-white shearwater common in the northeastern Atlantic) }

{ Hydrobatidae, family_Hydrobatidae, bird_family,@ order_Procellariiformes,#m (storm petrels) }
{ storm_petrel, petrel,@ family_Hydrobatidae,#m (any of various small petrels having dark plumage with paler underparts) }
{ Hydrobates, genus_Hydrobates, bird_genus,@ family_Hydrobatidae,#m (type genus of the Hydrobatidae) }
{ stormy_petrel, northern_storm_petrel, Hydrobates_pelagicus, storm_petrel,@ genus_Hydrobates,#m (sooty black petrel with white markings; of the northern Atlantic and Mediterranean) }
{ Oceanites, genus_Oceanites, bird_genus,@ family_Hydrobatidae,#m (a genus of Hydrobatidae) }
{ Mother_Carey's_chicken, Mother_Carey's_hen, Oceanites_oceanicus, storm_petrel,@ genus_Oceanites,#m (medium-sized storm petrel) }
{ Pelecanoididae, family_Pelecanoididae, bird_family,@ order_Procellariiformes,#m (diving petrels) }
{ diving_petrel, pelagic_bird,@ family_Pelecanoididae,#m (any of several small diving birds of southern hemisphere seas; somewhat resemble auks) }

{ aquatic_mammal, placental_mammal,@ (whales and dolphins; manatees and dugongs; walruses; seals) }
{ [ Cetacea, adj.pert:cetaceous,+ adj.pert:cetacean,+ ] order_Cetacea, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (an order of Eutheria) }
{ [ cetacean, adj.pert:cetacean,+ ] cetacean_mammal, blower, aquatic_mammal,@ order_Cetacea,#m noun.group:pod,#m (large aquatic carnivorous mammal with fin-like forelimbs no hind limbs, including: whales; dolphins; porpoises; narwhals) }
{ [ whale, verb.competition:whale,+ ] cetacean_mammal,@ (any of the larger cetacean mammals having a streamlined body and breathing through a blowhole on the head) }
{ Mysticeti, suborder_Mysticeti, animal_order,@ order_Cetacea,#m (baleen whales: right whales; rorquals; blue whales; humpbacks) }
{ baleen_whale, whalebone_whale, whale,@ suborder_Mysticeti,#m (whale with plates of whalebone along the upper jaw for filtering plankton from the water) }

{ Balaenidae, family_Balaenidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Mysticeti,#m (right whales) }
{ right_whale, baleen_whale,@ family_Balaenidae,#m (large Arctic whalebone whale; allegedly the `right' whale to hunt because of its valuable whalebone and oil) }
{ Balaena, genus_Balaena, mammal_genus,@ family_Balaenidae,#m (type genus of the Balaenidae: Greenland whales) }
{ bowhead, bowhead_whale, Greenland_whale, Balaena_mysticetus, baleen_whale,@ genus_Balaena,#m (large-mouthed Arctic whale) }
{ Balaenopteridae, family_Balaenopteridae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Mysticeti,#m (rorquals; blue whales) }

{ rorqual, razorback2, baleen_whale,@ family_Balaenopteridae,#m (any of several baleen whales of the family Balaenopteridae having longitudinal grooves on the throat and a small pointed dorsal fin) }
{ Balaenoptera, genus_Balaenoptera, mammal_genus,@ family_Balaenopteridae,#m (type genus of the Balaenopteridae) }
{ blue_whale, sulfur_bottom, Balaenoptera_musculus, baleen_whale,@ genus_Balaenoptera,#m (largest mammal ever known; bluish-grey migratory whalebone whale mostly of southern hemisphere) }
{ finback, finback_whale, fin_whale, common_rorqual, Balaenoptera_physalus, rorqual,@ genus_Balaenoptera,#m (large flat-headed whalebone whale having deep furrows along the throat; of Atlantic and Pacific) }
{ sei_whale, Balaenoptera_borealis, rorqual,@ genus_Balaenoptera,#m (similar to but smaller than the finback whale) }
{ lesser_rorqual, piked_whale, minke_whale, Balaenoptera_acutorostrata, rorqual,@ genus_Balaenoptera,#m (small finback of coastal waters of Atlantic and Pacific) }
{ Megaptera, genus_Megaptera, mammal_genus,@ family_Balaenopteridae,#m (humpback whales) }
{ humpback, humpback_whale, Megaptera_novaeangliae, baleen_whale,@ genus_Megaptera,#m (large whalebone whale with long flippers noted for arching or humping its back as it dives) }

{ Eschrichtiidae, family_Eschrichtiidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Mysticeti,#m (comprising only the grey whales) }
{ Eschrichtius, genus_Eschrichtius, mammal_genus,@ family_Eschrichtiidae,#m (type and sole genus of the Eschrichtiidae) }
{ grey_whale, gray_whale, devilfish3, Eschrichtius_gibbosus, Eschrichtius_robustus, baleen_whale,@ genus_Eschrichtius,#m (medium-sized greyish-black whale of the northern Pacific) }
{ Odontoceti, suborder_Odontoceti, animal_order,@ order_Cetacea,#m (toothed whales: dolphins; porpoises; sperm whales; beaked whales) }
{ toothed_whale, whale,@ suborder_Odontoceti,#m (any of several whales having simple conical teeth and feeding on fish etc.) }
{ Physeteridae, family_Physeteridae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Odontoceti,#m (sperm whales) }
{ Physeter, genus_Physeter, mammal_genus,@ family_Physeteridae,#m (type genus of the Physeteridae) }
{ sperm_whale, cachalot, black_whale1, Physeter_catodon, toothed_whale,@ genus_Physeter,#m (large whale with a large cavity in the head containing spermaceti and oil; also a source of ambergris) }
{ Kogia, genus_Kogia, mammal_genus,@ family_Physeteridae,#m (pygmy sperm whales) }
{ pygmy_sperm_whale, Kogia_breviceps, toothed_whale,@ genus_Kogia,#m (small sperm whale of warm waters of both coasts of North America) }
{ dwarf_sperm_whale, Kogia_simus, toothed_whale,@ genus_Kogia,#m (very small (to 8 feet) sperm whale of central coasts of Atlantic and Pacific) }
{ Ziphiidae, family_Ziphiidae, Hyperodontidae, family_Hyperodontidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Odontoceti,#m (beaked whales; in some especially former classifications included in the family Physeteridae) }
{ beaked_whale, toothed_whale,@ family_Ziphiidae,#m (any of several whales inhabiting all oceans and having beaklike jaws with vestigial teeth in the upper jaw) }
{ Hyperoodon, genus_Hyperoodon, mammal_genus,@ family_Ziphiidae,#m (bottle-nosed whales) }
{ bottle-nosed_whale, bottlenose_whale, bottlenose1, Hyperoodon_ampullatus, beaked_whale,@ genus_Hyperoodon,#m (northern Atlantic beaked whale with a bulbous forehead) }
{ Delphinidae, family_Delphinidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Odontoceti,#m (dolphins) }
{ dolphin, toothed_whale,@ family_Delphinidae,#m (any of various small toothed whales with a beaklike snout; larger than porpoises) }
{ Delphinus, genus_Delphinus, mammal_genus,@ family_Delphinidae,#m (type genus of the Delphinidae) }
{ common_dolphin, Delphinus_delphis, dolphin,@ genus_Delphinus,#m (black-and-white dolphin that leaps high out of the water) }
{ Tursiops, genus_Tursiops, mammal_genus,@ family_Delphinidae,#m (a genus of Delphinidae) }
{ bottlenose_dolphin, bottle-nosed_dolphin, bottlenose2, dolphin,@ genus_Tursiops,#m (any of several dolphins with rounded forehead and well-developed beak; chiefly of northern Atlantic and Mediterranean) }
{ Atlantic_bottlenose_dolphin, Tursiops_truncatus, bottlenose_dolphin,@ (the most common dolphin of northern Atlantic and Mediterranean; often kept captive and trained to perform) }
{ Pacific_bottlenose_dolphin, Tursiops_gilli, bottlenose_dolphin,@ (a bottlenose dolphin found in the Pacific Ocean) }
{ Phocoena, genus_Phocoena, mammal_genus,@ family_Delphinidae,#m (porpoises) }
{ porpoise, dolphin,@ genus_Phocoena,#m (any of several small gregarious cetacean mammals having a blunt snout and many teeth) }
{ harbor_porpoise, herring_hog, Phocoena_phocoena, porpoise,@ (the common porpoise of the northern Atlantic and Pacific) }
{ vaquita, Phocoena_sinus, porpoise,@ (a short porpoise that lives in the Gulf of California; an endangered species) }
{ genus_Grampus, mammal_genus,@ family_Delphinidae,#m (grampus) }
{ grampus1, Grampus_griseus, dolphin,@ genus_Grampus,#m (slaty-grey blunt-nosed dolphin common in northern seas) }
{ Orcinus, genus_Orcinus, mammal_genus,@ family_Delphinidae,#m (killer whales) }
{ killer_whale, killer, orca, grampus2, sea_wolf, Orcinus_orca, dolphin,@ genus_Orcinus,#m (predatory black-and-white toothed whale with large dorsal fin; common in cold seas) }
{ Globicephala, genus_Globicephala, mammal_genus,@ family_Delphinidae,#m (pilot whales) }
{ pilot_whale, black_whale2, common_blackfish, blackfish2, Globicephala_melaena, dolphin,@ genus_Globicephala,#m (small dark-colored whale of the Atlantic coast of the United States; the largest male acts as pilot or leader for the school) }
{ Platanistidae, family_Platanistidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Odontoceti,#m (river dolphins) }
{ river_dolphin, dolphin,@ family_Platanistidae,#m (any of several long-snouted usually freshwater dolphins of South America and southern Asia) }
{ Monodontidae, family_Monodontidae, mammal_family,@ order_Cetacea,#m (narwhals) }
{ Monodon, genus_Monodon, mammal_genus,@ family_Monodontidae,#m (type genus of the Monodontidae) }
{ narwhal, narwal, narwhale, Monodon_monoceros, whale,@ genus_Monodon,#m (small Arctic whale the male having a long spiral ivory tusk) }
{ Delphinapterus, genus_Delphinapterus, mammal_genus,@ family_Monodontidae,#m (white whale) }
{ white_whale, beluga2, Delphinapterus_leucas, dolphin,@ genus_Delphinapterus,#m (small northern whale that is white when adult) }
{ [ spouter, verb.motion:spout,+ ] whale,@ (a spouting whale) }

{ Sirenia, order_Sirenia, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (an animal order including: manatees; dugongs; Steller's sea cow) }
{ sea_cow, sirenian_mammal, sirenian, aquatic_mammal,@ order_Sirenia,#m (any of two families of large herbivorous aquatic mammals with paddle-shaped tails and flipper-like forelimbs and no hind limbs) }
{ Trichechidae, family_Trichechidae, mammal_family,@ order_Sirenia,#m (comprising only the manatees) }
{ Trichechus, genus_Trichecus, mammal_genus,@ family_Trichechidae,#m (type and sole genus of the Trichechidae) }
{ manatee, Trichechus_manatus, sea_cow,@ genus_Trichecus,#m (sirenian mammal of tropical coastal waters of America; the flat tail is rounded) }
{ Dugongidae, family_Dugongidae, mammal_family,@ order_Sirenia,#m (a family of mammals of order Sirenia including dugongs and Steller's sea cow) }
{ genus_Dugong, mammal_genus,@ family_Dugongidae,#m (type genus of the Dugongidae comprising only the dugongs) }
{ dugong, Dugong_dugon, sea_cow,@ genus_Dugong,#m (sirenian tusked mammal found from eastern Africa to Australia; the flat tail is bilobate) }
{ Hydrodamalis, genus_Hydrodamalis, mammal_genus,@ family_Dugongidae,#m (a genus of the family Dugongidae comprising only Steller's sea cow) }
{ Steller's_sea_cow, Hydrodamalis_gigas, sea_cow,@ genus_Hydrodamalis,#m (extinct large sirenian mammal formerly found near the Asiatic coast of the Bering Sea) }

{ Carnivora, order_Carnivora, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (cats; lions; tigers; panthers; dogs; wolves; jackals; bears; raccoons; skunks; and members of the suborder Pinnipedia) }
{ carnivore, placental_mammal,@ order_Carnivora,#m (a terrestrial or aquatic flesh-eating mammal; "terrestrial carnivores have four or five clawed digits on each limb") }

{ omnivore, noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal that feeds on both animal and vegetable substances) }

{ Pinnipedia, suborder_Pinnipedia, animal_order,@ order_Carnivora,#m (seals; sea lions; walruses) }
{ pinniped_mammal, pinniped, pinnatiped, aquatic_mammal,@ suborder_Pinnipedia,#m noun.group:pod,#m (aquatic carnivorous mammal having a streamlined body specialized for swimming with limbs modified as flippers) }
{ [ seal, verb.competition:seal,+ ] pinniped_mammal,@ (any of numerous marine mammals that come on shore to breed; chiefly of cold regions) }
{ crabeater_seal, crab-eating_seal, seal,@ (silvery grey Antarctic seal subsisting on crustaceans) }
{ Otariidae, family_Otariidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Pinnipedia,#m (eared seals: sea lions and fur seals) }
{ eared_seal, seal,@ family_Otariidae,#m (pinniped mammal having external ear flaps and hind limbs used for locomotion on land; valued for its soft underfur) }
{ Arctocephalus, genus_Arctocephalus, mammal_genus,@ family_Otariidae,#m (fur seals) }
{ fur_seal1, eared_seal,@ genus_Arctocephalus,#m (eared seal of the southern hemisphere; the thick soft underfur is the source of sealskin; "the male fur seal is much larger than the female") }
{ guadalupe_fur_seal, Arctocephalus_philippi, fur_seal1,@ (a fur seal of the Pacific coast of California and southward) }
{ Callorhinus, genus_Callorhinus, mammal_genus,@ family_Otariidae,#m (fur seals) }
{ fur_seal2, eared_seal,@ genus_Callorhinus,#m (an eared seal of the northern Pacific) }
{ Alaska_fur_seal, Callorhinus_ursinus, fur_seal2,@ (of Pacific coast from Alaska southward to California) }
{ sea_lion, eared_seal,@ (any of several large eared seals of the northern Pacific related to fur seals but lacking their valuable coat) }
{ Otaria, genus_Otaria, mammal_genus,@ family_Otariidae,#m (type genus of the Otariidae) }
{ South_American_sea_lion, Otaria_Byronia, sea_lion,@ genus_Otaria,#m (of the southern coast of South America) }
{ Zalophus, genus_Zalophus, mammal_genus,@ family_Otariidae,#m (sea lions) }
{ California_sea_lion, Zalophus_californianus, Zalophus_californicus, sea_lion,@ genus_Zalophus,#m (often trained as a show animal) }
{ Australian_sea_lion, Zalophus_lobatus, sea_lion,@ genus_Zalophus,#m (a variety of sea lion found in Australia) }
{ Eumetopias, genus_Eumetopias, mammal_genus,@ family_Otariidae,#m (sea lions) }
{ Steller_sea_lion, Steller's_sea_lion, Eumetopias_jubatus, sea_lion,@ genus_Eumetopias,#m (largest sea lion; of the northern Pacific) }
{ Phocidae, family_Phocidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Pinnipedia,#m (earless seals) }
{ earless_seal, true_seal, hair_seal, seal,@ family_Phocidae,#m (any of several seals lacking external ear flaps and having a stiff hairlike coat with hind limbs reduced to swimming flippers) }
{ Phoca, genus_Phoca, mammal_genus,@ family_Phocidae,#m (type genus of the Phocidae: earless seals) }
{ harbor_seal, common_seal, Phoca_vitulina, earless_seal,@ genus_Phoca,#m (small spotted seal of coastal waters of the northern hemisphere) }
{ Pagophilus, genus_Pagophilus, mammal_genus,@ family_Phocidae,#m (harp seals) }
{ harp_seal, Pagophilus_groenlandicus, earless_seal,@ genus_Pagophilus,#m (common Arctic seal; the young are all white) }
{ Mirounga, genus_Mirounga, mammal_genus,@ family_Phocidae,#m (elephant seals) }
{ elephant_seal, sea_elephant, earless_seal,@ genus_Mirounga,#m (either of two large northern Atlantic earless seals having snouts like trunks) }
{ Erignathus, genus_Erignathus, mammal_genus,@ family_Phocidae,#m (bearded seals) }
{ bearded_seal, squareflipper_square_flipper, Erignathus_barbatus, earless_seal,@ genus_Erignathus,#m (medium-sized greyish to yellow seal with bristles each side of muzzle; of the Arctic Ocean) }
{ Cystophora, genus_Cystophora, mammal_genus,@ family_Phocidae,#m (hooded seals) }
{ hooded_seal, bladdernose, Cystophora_cristata, earless_seal,@ genus_Cystophora,#m (medium-sized blackish-grey seal with large inflatable sac on the head; of Arctic and northern Atlantic waters) }

{ Odobenidae, family_Odobenidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Pinnipedia,#m (walruses and extinct forms) }
{ Odobenus, genus_Odobenus, mammal_genus,@ family_Odobenidae,#m (type genus of the Odobenidae: walruses) }
{ walrus, seahorse1, sea_horse1, pinniped_mammal,@ genus_Odobenus,#m (either of two large northern marine mammals having ivory tusks and tough hide over thick blubber) }
{ Atlantic_walrus, Odobenus_rosmarus, walrus,@ (a walrus of northern Atlantic and Arctic waters) }
{ Pacific_walrus, Odobenus_divergens, walrus,@ (a walrus of the Bering Sea and northern Pacific) }

{ Fissipedia, placental_mammal,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (in some classifications considered a suborder of Carnivora) }
{ fissiped_mammal, fissiped, carnivore,@ (terrestrial carnivores; having toes separated to the base: dogs; cats; bears; badgers; raccoons) }

{ Tubulidentata, order_Tubulidentata, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (an order of Eutheria) }
{ Orycteropodidae, family_Orycteropodidae, mammal_family,@ order_Tubulidentata,#m (aardvarks) }
{ Orycteropus, genus_Orycteropus, mammal_genus,@ family_Orycteropodidae,#m (coextensive with the family Orycteropodidae) }
{ aardvark, ant_bear1, anteater1, Orycteropus_afer, placental_mammal,@ genus_Orycteropus,#m (nocturnal burrowing mammal of the grasslands of Africa that feeds on termites; sole extant representative of the order Tubulidentata) }

{ Canidae, family_Canidae, mammal_family,@ order_Carnivora,#m (dogs; wolves; jackals; foxes) }
{ [ canine, adj.pert:canine,+ ] canid, carnivore,@ family_Canidae,#m (any of various fissiped mammals with nonretractile claws and typically long muzzles) }
{ bitch, canine,@ (female of any member of the dog family) }
{ brood_bitch, bitch,@ (a bitch used for breeding) }

{ Canis, genus_Canis, mammal_genus,@ family_Canidae,#m (type genus of the Canidae: domestic and wild dogs; wolves; jackals) }
{ dog, domestic_dog, Canis_familiaris, canine,@ domestic_animal,@ genus_Canis,#m noun.group:pack,#m (a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds; "the dog barked all night") }
{ pooch, doggie, doggy, [ barker, verb.communication:bark,+ ] bow-wow, domestic_dog,@ (informal terms for dogs) }
{ cur, [ mongrel, verb.contact:mongrelize,+ ] mutt, domestic_dog,@ (an inferior dog or one of mixed breed) }
{ feist, fice, cur,@ (a nervous belligerent little mongrel dog) }
{ pariah_dog, pye-dog, pie-dog, mongrel,@ (ownerless half-wild mongrel dog common around Asian villages especially India) }
{ lapdog, domestic_dog,@ (a dog small and tame enough to be held in the lap) }
{ toy_dog, toy, domestic_dog,@ (any of several breeds of very small dogs kept purely as pets) }
{ Chihuahua, toy_dog,@ (an old breed of tiny short-haired dog with protruding eyes from Mexico held to antedate Aztec civilization) }
{ Japanese_spaniel, toy_dog,@ (breed of toy dogs originating in Japan having a silky black-and-white or red-and-white coat) }
{ Maltese_dog, Maltese_terrier, Maltese, toy_dog,@ (breed of toy dogs having a long straight silky white coat) }
{ Pekinese, Pekingese, Peke, toy_dog,@ (a Chinese breed of small short-legged dogs with a long silky coat and broad flat muzzle) }
{ Shih-Tzu, toy_dog,@ (a Chinese breed of small dog similar to a Pekingese) }
{ toy_spaniel, toy_dog,@ (a very small spaniel) }
{ English_toy_spaniel, toy_spaniel,@ (British breed having a long silky coat and rounded head with a short upturned muzzle) }
{ Blenheim_spaniel, English_toy_spaniel,@ (red-and-white variety of English toy spaniel) }
{ King_Charles_spaniel, toy_spaniel,@ (a toy English spaniel with a black-and-tan coat; named after Charles II who popularized it) }
{ papillon, toy_spaniel,@ (small slender toy spaniel with erect ears and a black-spotted brown to white coat) }
{ toy_terrier, toy_dog,@ (a small active dog) }

{ hunting_dog, domestic_dog,@ (a dog used in hunting game) }
{ courser2, hunting_dog,@ (a dog trained for coursing) }
{ Rhodesian_ridgeback, hunting_dog,@ (a powerful short-haired African hunting dog having a crest of reversed hair along the spine) }
{ [ hound, verb.motion:hound,+ ] hound_dog, hunting_dog,@ noun.group:pack,#m (any of several breeds of dog used for hunting typically having large drooping ears) }
{ Afghan_hound, Afghan, hound,@ (tall graceful breed of hound with a long silky coat; native to the Near East) }
{ basset, basset_hound, hound,@ (smooth-haired breed of hound with short legs and long ears) }
{ beagle, hound,@ (a small short-legged smooth-coated breed of hound) }
{ bloodhound, sleuthhound, hound,@ (a breed of large powerful hound of European origin having very acute smell and used in tracking) }
{ bluetick, hound,@ (a very fast American hound; white mottled with bluish grey) }
{ boarhound, hound,@ (large hound used in hunting wild boars) }
{ coonhound, hound,@ (any of several breeds of hound developed for hunting raccoons) }
{ coondog, coonhound,@ (any dog trained to hunt raccoons) }
{ black-and-tan_coonhound, coonhound,@ (American breed of large powerful hound dogs used for hunting raccoons and other game) }
{ dachshund, dachsie, badger_dog, hunting_dog,@ (small long-bodied short-legged German breed of dog having a short sleek coat and long drooping ears; suited for following game into burrows) }
{ sausage_dog, sausage_hound, dachshund,@ (informal term) }
{ foxhound, hound,@ (medium-sized glossy-coated hounds developed for hunting foxes) }
{ American_foxhound, foxhound,@ (an American breed of foxhounds used for hunting both in packs and individually) }
{ Walker_hound, Walker_foxhound, foxhound,@ (an American breed of foxhound) }
{ English_foxhound, foxhound,@ (an English breed slightly larger than the American foxhounds originally used to hunt in packs) }
{ harrier1, hound,@ (a hound that resembles a foxhound but is smaller; used to hunt rabbits) }
{ Plott_hound, hound,@ (a brindle-coated American hound used in hunting bears and wild boars) }
{ redbone, hound,@ (a speedy red or red-and-tan American hound) }
{ wolfhound, hound,@ (the largest breed of dogs; formerly used to hunt wolves) }
{ borzoi, Russian_wolfhound, wolfhound,@ (tall fast-moving dog breed) }
{ Irish_wolfhound, wolfhound,@ (large breed of hound with a rough thick coat) }
{ greyhound, hound,@ racer,@ (a tall slender dog of an ancient breed noted for swiftness and keen sight; used as a racing dog) }
{ Italian_greyhound, greyhound,@ (a toy dog developed from the greyhound) }
{ whippet, greyhound,@ (small slender dog of greyhound type developed in England) }
{ Ibizan_hound, Ibizan_Podenco, hound,@ (breed of slender agile medium-sized hound found chiefly in the Balearic Islands; said to have been bred originally by the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt) }
{ Norwegian_elkhound, elkhound, hound,@ (breed of compact medium-sized dog with a heavy grey coat developed in Norway for hunting elk) }
{ otterhound, otter_hound, hound,@ (hardy British hound having long pendulous ears and a thick coarse shaggy coat with an oily undercoat; bred for hunting otters) }
{ Saluki, gazelle_hound, hound,@ (old breed of tall swift keen-eyed hunting dogs resembling greyhounds; from Egypt and southwestern Asia) }
{ Scottish_deerhound, deerhound, hound,@ (very large and tall rough-coated dog bred for hunting deer; known as the royal dog of Scotland) }
{ staghound, hound,@ (a large heavy hound formerly used in hunting stags and other large game; similar to but larger than a foxhound) }
{ Weimaraner, hound,@ (large breed of hound having a smooth greyish coat; originated in Germany) }
{ terrier, hunting_dog,@ (any of several usually small short-bodied breeds originally trained to hunt animals living underground) }
{ bullterrier, bull_terrier, terrier,@ (a powerful short-haired terrier originated in England by crossing the bulldog with terriers) }
{ Staffordshire_bullterrier, Staffordshire_bull_terrier, bull_terrier,@ (English breed of strong stocky dog having a broad skull and smooth coat) }
{ American_Staffordshire_terrier, Staffordshire_terrier, American_pit_bull_terrier, pit_bull_terrier, bull_terrier,@ (American breed of muscular terriers with a short close-lying stiff coat) }
{ Bedlington_terrier, terrier,@ (a light terrier groomed to resemble a lamb) }
{ Border_terrier, terrier,@ (small rough-coated terrier of British origin) }
{ Kerry_blue_terrier, terrier,@ (an Irish breed of medium-sized terriers with a silky blue-grey coat) }
{ Irish_terrier, terrier,@ (medium-sized breed with a wiry brown coat; developed in Ireland) }
{ Norfolk_terrier, terrier,@ (English breed of small terrier with a straight wiry grizzled coat and dropped ears) }
{ Norwich_terrier, terrier,@ (English breed of small short-legged terrier with a straight wiry red or grey or black-and-tan coat and erect ears) }
{ Yorkshire_terrier, terrier,@ (very small breed having a long glossy coat of bluish-grey and tan) }
{ rat_terrier, [ ratter, verb.contact:rat,+ ] terrier,@ (any of several breeds of terrier developed to catch rats) }
{ Manchester_terrier, black-and-tan_terrier, rat_terrier,@ (a breed of short-haired rat terrier with a black-and-tan coat that was developed in Manchester, England) }
{ toy_Manchester, toy_Manchester_terrier, Manchester_terrier,@ (breed of small Manchester terrier) }
{ fox_terrier, terrier,@ (small lively black-and-white terriers formerly used to dig out foxes) }
{ smooth-haired_fox_terrier, fox_terrier,@ (a fox terrier with smooth hair) }
{ wire-haired_fox_terrier, fox_terrier,@ (a fox terrier with wiry hair) }
{ wirehair, wirehaired_terrier, wire-haired_terrier, terrier,@ (a terrier with wiry hair) }
{ Lakeland_terrier, wirehair,@ (breed of wire-haired terrier originally from the Lake District of England and used for hunting) }
{ Welsh_terrier, wirehair,@ (wire-haired terrier resembling Airedales but smaller; developed in Wales for hunting) }
{ Sealyham_terrier, Sealyham, Welsh_terrier,@ noun.location:Wales,;r (a wire-haired terrier with short legs that was first bred in Sealyham) }
{ Airedale, Airedale_terrier, terrier,@ (breed of large wiry-coated terrier bred in Yorkshire) }
{ cairn, cairn_terrier, terrier,@ (small rough-haired breed of terrier from Scotland) }
{ Australian_terrier, terrier,@ (small greyish wire-haired breed of terrier from Australia similar to the cairn) }
{ Dandie_Dinmont, Dandie_Dinmont_terrier, terrier,@ (a breed of small terrier with long wiry coat and drooping ears) }
{ Boston_bull, Boston_terrier, terrier,@ (small pug-faced American terrier breed having a smooth brindle or black coat with white markings) }
{ schnauzer, terrier,@ (old German breed of sturdy black or greyish wire-haired terriers having a blunt muzzle ranging in size from fairly small to very large; used as ratters and guard dogs or police dogs) }
{ miniature_schnauzer, schnauzer,@ (a small schnauzer) }
{ giant_schnauzer, schnauzer,@ (a large schnauzer) }
{ standard_schnauzer, schnauzer,@ (a medium-sized schnauzer) }
{ Scotch_terrier, Scottish_terrier, Scottie, terrier,@ (old Scottish breed of small long-haired usually black terrier with erect tail and ears) }
{ Tibetan_terrier, chrysanthemum_dog, terrier,@ (breed of medium-sized terriers bred in Tibet resembling Old English sheepdogs with fluffy curled tails) }
{ silky_terrier, Sydney_silky, terrier,@ (Australian breed of toy dogs having a silky blue coat) }
{ Skye_terrier, terrier,@ (Scottish breed of terrier with shaggy hair and long low body with short legs; native to the Isle of Skye)}
{ Clydesdale_terrier, Skye_terrier,@ (selectively bred small Skye terrier with erect ears and a long silky coat) }
{ soft-coated_wheaten_terrier, terrier,@ (Irish breed of medium-sized terrier with an abundant coat any shade of wheat and very hairy head and muzzle) }
{ West_Highland_white_terrier, terrier,@ (small white long-coated terrier developed in Scotland)}
{ Lhasa, Lhasa_apso, terrier,@ (a breed of terrier having a long heavy coat raised in Tibet as watchdogs) }
{ sporting_dog, gun_dog, hunting_dog,@ (a dog trained to work with sportsmen when they hunt with guns) }
{ bird_dog, sporting_dog,@ (a gun dog trained to locate or retrieve birds) }
{ water_dog, sporting_dog,@ (a dog accustomed to water and usually trained to retrieve waterfowl) }
{ [ retriever, verb.contact:retrieve,+ ] sporting_dog,@ (a dog with heavy water-resistant coat that can be trained to retrieve game) }
{ flat-coated_retriever, retriever,@ (an English breed having a shiny black or liver-colored coat; retrieves game from land or water) }
{ curly-coated_retriever, retriever,@ (an English breed having a tightly curled black or liver-colored coat; retrieves game from land or water) }
{ golden_retriever, retriever,@ (an English breed having a long silky golden coat) }
{ Labrador_retriever, retriever,@ (breed originally from Labrador having a short black or golden-brown coat) }
{ Chesapeake_Bay_retriever, retriever,@ (American breed having a short thick oily coat ranging from brown to light tan) }
{ pointer, Spanish_pointer, sporting_dog,@ (a strong slender smooth-haired dog of Spanish origin having a white coat with brown or black patches; scents out and points to game) }
{ German_short-haired_pointer, pointer,@ (liver or liver-and-white hunting dog developed in Germany; 3/4 pointer and 1/4 bloodhound) }
{ setter, sporting_dog,@ (a long-haired dog formerly trained to crouch on finding game but now to point) }
{ vizsla, Hungarian_pointer, pointer,@ (Hungarian hunting dog resembling the Weimaraner but having a rich deep red coat) }
{ English_setter, setter,@ (an English breed having a plumed tail and a soft silky coat that is chiefly white) }
{ Irish_setter, red_setter, setter,@ (an Irish breed with a chestnut-brown or mahogany-red coat) }
{ Gordon_setter, setter,@ (a Scottish breed with a black-and-tan coat) }
{ spaniel, sporting_dog,@ (any of several breeds of small to medium-sized gun dogs with a long silky coat and long frilled ears) }
{ Brittany_spaniel, spaniel,@ (tall active short-tailed French breed of bird dog having a usually smooth orange- or liver-and-white coat) }
{ clumber, clumber_spaniel, spaniel,@ (a thickset spaniel with longish silky hair) }
{ field_spaniel, spaniel,@ (large usually black hunting and retrieving spaniel with a dense flat or slightly wavy coat; cross between cocker and Sussex spaniel) }
{ springer_spaniel, springer1, spaniel,@ (a large spaniel with wavy silky coat usually black or liver and white) }
{ English_springer, English_springer_spaniel, springer_spaniel,@ (a breed having typically a black-and-white coat) }
{ Welsh_springer_spaniel, springer_spaniel,@ (a red-and-white breed slightly smaller than the English springer spaniel) }
{ cocker_spaniel, English_cocker_spaniel, cocker, spaniel,@ (a small breed with wavy silky hair; originally developed in England) }
{ Sussex_spaniel, spaniel,@ (an English breed with short legs and a golden liver-colored coat) }
{ water_spaniel, spaniel,@ noun.location:Ireland,;r noun.location:US,;r (any dog of two large curly-coated breeds used for hunting waterfowl) }
{ American_water_spaniel, water_spaniel,@ (breed of medium-sized spaniels originating in America having chocolate or liver-colored curly coat) }
{ Irish_water_spaniel, water_spaniel,@ (breed of large spaniels developed in Ireland having a heavy coat of liver-colored curls and a topknot of long curls and a nearly hairless tail) }
{ griffon2, wire-haired_pointing_griffon, sporting_dog,@ (breed of medium-sized long-headed dogs with downy undercoat and harsh wiry outer coat; originated in Holland but largely developed in France) }
{ working_dog, domestic_dog,@ (any of several breeds of usually large powerful dogs bred to work as draft animals and guard and guide dogs) }
{ watchdog, guard_dog, working_dog,@ (a dog trained to guard property) }
{ kuvasz, guard_dog,@ (long-established Hungarian breed of tall light-footed but sturdy white dog; used also as a hunting dog) }
{ attack_dog, watchdog,@ (a watchdog trained to attack on command) }
{ housedog, watchdog,@ (a dog trained to guard a house) }
{ schipperke, watchdog,@ (breed of small stocky black dogs originally used as watchdogs on boats in the Netherlands and Belgium) }
{ shepherd_dog, sheepdog, sheep_dog, working_dog,@ (any of various usually long-haired breeds of dog reared to herd and guard sheep) }
{ Belgian_sheepdog, Belgian_shepherd, shepherd_dog,@ (hardy working dog developed in Belgium for herding sheep) }
{ groenendael, Belgian_sheepdog,@ (black-coated sheepdog with a heavily plumed tail) }
{ malinois, Belgian_sheepdog,@ (fawn-colored short-haired sheepdog) }
{ briard, shepherd_dog,@ (old French breed of large strong usually black dogs having a long tail and long wavy and slightly stiff coat) }
{ kelpie, shepherd_dog,@ (an Australian sheepdog with pointed ears) }
{ komondor, shepherd_dog,@ (Hungarian breed of large powerful shaggy-coated white dog; used also as guard dog) }
{ Old_English_sheepdog, bobtail1, shepherd_dog,@ (large sheepdog with a profuse shaggy bluish-grey-and-white coat and short tail; believed to trace back to the Roman occupation of Britain) }
{ Shetland_sheepdog, Shetland_sheep_dog, Shetland, shepherd_dog,@ (a small sheepdog resembling a collie that was developed in the Shetland Islands) }
{ collie, shepherd_dog,@ (a silky-coated sheepdog with a long ruff and long narrow head developed in Scotland) }
{ Border_collie, shepherd_dog,@ (developed in the area between Scotland and England usually having a black coat with white on the head and tip of tail used for herding both sheep and cattle) }
{ Bouvier_des_Flandres, Bouviers_des_Flandres, shepherd_dog,@ (rough-coated breed used originally in Belgium for herding and guarding cattle) }
{ Rottweiler, shepherd_dog,@ (German breed of large vigorous short-haired cattle dogs) }
{ German_shepherd, German_shepherd_dog, German_police_dog, alsatian, shepherd_dog,@ (breed of large shepherd dogs used in police work and as a guide for the blind) }
{ police_dog, working_dog,@ (any dog trained to assist police especially in tracking) }
{ pinscher, watchdog,@ (any of three breeds of dogs whose ears and tail are usually cropped) }
{ Doberman, Doberman_pinscher, pinscher,@ (medium large breed of dog of German origin with a glossy black and tan coat; used as a watchdog) }
{ miniature_pinscher, pinscher,@ (small German version of a Doberman pinscher) }
{ Sennenhunde, working_dog,@ (any of four Swiss breeds) }
{ Greater_Swiss_Mountain_dog, Sennenhunde,@ (the largest of the four Swiss breeds) }
{ Bernese_mountain_dog, Sennenhunde,@ (large powerful long-haired black-coated Swiss dog with deep tan or russet markings on legs and white blaze and feet and chest marking; formerly used for draft) }
{ Appenzeller, Sennenhunde,@ (a smaller of the four Swiss breeds) }
{ EntleBucher, Sennenhunde,@ (the smallest of the Sennenhunde) }
{ boxer, working_dog,@ (a breed of stocky medium-sized short-haired dog with a brindled coat and square-jawed muzzle developed in Germany) }
{ mastiff, working_dog,@ (an old breed of powerful deep-chested smooth-coated dog used chiefly as a watchdog and guard dog) }
{ bull_mastiff, working_dog,@ (large powerful breed developed by crossing the bulldog and the mastiff) }
{ Tibetan_mastiff, mastiff,@ (very large powerful rough-coated dog native to central Asia) }
{ [ bulldog, verb.competition:bulldog,+ ] English_bulldog, working_dog,@ (a sturdy thickset short-haired breed with a large head and strong undershot lower jaw; developed originally in England for bull baiting) }
{ French_bulldog, bulldog,@ (small stocky version of the bulldog having a sleek coat and square head) }
{ Great_Dane, working_dog,@ (very large powerful smooth-coated breed of dog) }
{ guide_dog, working_dog,@ (a dog trained to guide the blind) }
{ Seeing_Eye_dog, guide_dog,@ noun.communication:trademark,;u ((trademark) a guide dog trained to guide a blind person) }
{ hearing_dog, working_dog,@ (dog trained to assist the deaf by signaling the occurrence of certain sounds) }
{ Saint_Bernard, St_Bernard, working_dog,@ (a Swiss alpine breed of large powerful dog with a thick coat of hair used as a rescue dog) }
{ seizure-alert_dog, working_dog,@ (a dog that can alert or assist people with seizure disorders) }
{ sled_dog, sledge_dog, working_dog,@ (a dog trained to draw a sled usually in a team) }
{ Eskimo_dog, husky, working_dog,@ (breed of heavy-coated Arctic sled dog) }
{ malamute, malemute, Alaskan_malamute, sled_dog,@ (breed of sled dog developed in Alaska) }
{ Siberian_husky, sled_dog,@ (breed of sled dog developed in northeastern Siberia; they resemble the larger Alaskan malamutes) }
{ dalmatian, coach_dog, carriage_dog, domestic_dog,@ (a large breed having a smooth white coat with black or brown spots; originated in Dalmatia) }
{ liver-spotted_dalmatian, dalmatian,@ (a brown-spotted dalmatian) }
{ affenpinscher, monkey_pinscher, monkey_dog, pinscher,@ (European breed of small dog resembling a terrier with dark wiry hair and a tufted muzzle) }
{ basenji, domestic_dog,@ (small smooth-haired breed of African origin having a tightly curled tail and the inability to bark) }
{ pug, pug-dog, domestic_dog,@ (small compact smooth-coated breed of Asiatic origin having a tightly curled tail and broad flat wrinkled muzzle) }
{ Leonberg, domestic_dog,@ (a large dog (usually with a golden coat) produced by crossing a St Bernard and a Newfoundland) }
{ Newfoundland, Newfoundland_dog, domestic_dog,@ (a breed of very large heavy dogs with a thick coarse usually black coat; highly intelligent dogs and vigorous swimmers; developed in Newfoundland) }
{ Great_Pyrenees, domestic_dog,@ (bred of large heavy-coated white dogs resembling the Newfoundland) }
{ spitz, domestic_dog,@ (any of various stocky heavy-coated breeds of dogs native to northern regions having pointed muzzles and erect ears with a curled furry tail) }
{ Samoyed, Samoyede, spitz,@ (Siberian breed of white or cream-colored dog of the spitz family) }
{ Pomeranian, spitz,@ (breed of very small compact long-haired dogs of the spitz type) }
{ chow, chow_chow, spitz,@ (breed of medium-sized dogs with a thick coat and fluffy curled tails and distinctive blue-black tongues; believed to have originated in northern China) }
{ keeshond, spitz,@ (a spitz-like dog having a shaggy greyish coat and tightly curled tail originating in Holland) }
{ griffon1, Brussels_griffon, Belgian_griffon, domestic_dog,@ (breed of various very small compact wiry-coated dogs of Belgian origin having a short bearded muzzle) }
{ Brabancon_griffon, Brussels_griffon,@ (a variety of Brussels griffon having a short smooth coat) }
{ corgi, Welsh_corgi, domestic_dog,@ (either of two Welsh breeds of long-bodied short-legged dogs with erect ears and a fox-like head) }
{ Pembroke, Pembroke_Welsh_corgi, corgi,@ (the smaller and straight-legged variety of corgi having pointed ears and a short tail) }
{ Cardigan, Cardigan_Welsh_corgi, corgi,@ (slightly bowlegged variety of corgi having rounded ears and a long tail) }
{ poodle, poodle_dog, domestic_dog,@ (an intelligent dog with a heavy curly solid-colored coat that is usually clipped; an old breed sometimes trained as sporting dogs or as performing dogs) }
{ toy_poodle, poodle,@ (the breed of very small poodles) }
{ miniature_poodle, poodle,@ (a breed of small poodles) }
{ standard_poodle, poodle,@ (a breed or medium-sized poodles) }
{ large_poodle, poodle,@ (the largest breed of poodle) }
{ Mexican_hairless, domestic_dog,@ (any of an old breed of small nearly hairless dogs of Mexico) }

{ wolf, canine,@ genus_Canis,#m (any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs) }
{ timber_wolf, grey_wolf, gray_wolf, Canis_lupus, wolf,@ (a wolf with a brindled grey coat living in forested northern regions of North America) }
{ white_wolf, Arctic_wolf, Canis_lupus_tundrarum, wolf,@ (wolf of Arctic North America having white fur and a black-tipped tail) }
{ red_wolf, maned_wolf, Canis_rufus, Canis_niger, wolf,@ (reddish-grey wolf of southwestern North America) }

{ coyote, prairie_wolf, brush_wolf, Canis_latrans, wolf,@ (small wolf native to western North America) }
{ coydog, coyote,@ (offspring of a coyote and a dog) }

{ jackal, Canis_aureus, canine,@ genus_Canis,#m (Old World nocturnal canine mammal closely related to the dog; smaller than a wolf; sometimes hunts in a pack but usually singly or as a member of a pair) }

{ wild_dog, canine,@ family_Canidae,#m (any of various undomesticated mammals of the family Canidae that are thought to resemble domestic dogs as distinguished from jackals or wolves) }
{ dingo, warrigal1, warragal1, Canis_dingo, wild_dog,@ (wolflike yellowish-brown wild dog of Australia) }
{ Cuon, Cyon, genus_Cuon, genus_Cyon, mammal_genus,@ family_Canidae,#m (Asiatic wild dog) }
{ dhole, Cuon_alpinus, wild_dog,@ genus_Cuon,#m (fierce wild dog of the forests of central and southeast Asia that hunts in packs) }
{ Dusicyon, genus_Dusicyon, mammal_genus,@ family_Canidae,#m (crab-eating dog) }
{ crab-eating_dog, crab-eating_fox, Dusicyon_cancrivorus, wild_dog,@ (wild dog of northern South America) }
{ Nyctereutes, genus_Nyctereutes, mammal_genus,@ family_Canidae,#m (raccoon dogs) }
{ raccoon_dog, Nyctereutes_procyonides, wild_dog,@ genus_Nyctereutes,#m (small wild dog of eastern Asia having facial markings like those of a raccoon) }
{ Lycaeon, genus_Lycaeon, mammal_genus,@ family_Canidae,#m (African hunting dog) }
{ African_hunting_dog, hyena_dog, Cape_hunting_dog, Lycaon_pictus, wild_dog,@ (a powerful doglike mammal of southern and eastern Africa that hunts in large packs; now rare in settled area) }

{ Hyaenidae, family_Hyaenidae, mammal_family,@ order_Carnivora,#m (hyenas) }
{ hyena, hyaena, canine,@ family_Hyaenidae,#m (doglike nocturnal mammal of Africa and southern Asia that feeds chiefly on carrion) }
{ genus_Hyaena, mammal_genus,@ family_Hyaenidae,#m (type genus of the Hyaenidae) }
{ striped_hyena, Hyaena_hyaena, hyena,@ genus_Hyaena,#m (of northern Africa and Arabia and India) }
{ brown_hyena, strand_wolf, Hyaena_brunnea, hyena,@ genus_Hyaena,#m (of southern Africa) }
{ Crocuta, genus_Crocuta, mammal_genus,@ family_Hyaenidae,#m (a genus of Hyaenidae) }
{ spotted_hyena, laughing_hyena, Crocuta_crocuta, hyena,@ genus_Crocuta,#m (African hyena noted for its distinctive howl) }
{ Proteles, genus_Proteles, mammal_genus,@ family_Hyaenidae,#m (aardwolf) }
{ aardwolf, Proteles_cristata, hyena,@ genus_Proteles,#m (striped hyena of southeast Africa that feeds chiefly on insects) }

{ fox, canine,@ (alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs) }
{ vixen, fox,@ (a female fox) }
{ Reynard, fox,@ (a conventional name for a fox used in tales following usage in the old epic `Reynard the Fox') }
{ Vulpes, genus_Vulpes, mammal_genus,@ family_Canidae,#m (foxes) }
{ red_fox, Vulpes_vulpes, fox,@ genus_Vulpes,#m (the common Old World fox; having reddish-brown fur; commonly considered a single circumpolar species) }
{ black_fox, red_fox,@ (red fox in the color phase when its pelt is mostly black) }
{ silver_fox, red_fox,@ (red fox in the color phase when its pelt is tipped with white) }
{ red_fox2, Vulpes_fulva, fox,@ genus_Vulpes,#m (New World fox; often considered the same species as the Old World fox) }
{ kit_fox1, prairie_fox, Vulpes_velox, fox,@ genus_Vulpes,#m (small grey fox of the plains of western North America) }
{ kit_fox2, Vulpes_macrotis, fox,@ genus_Vulpes,#m (small grey fox of southwestern United States; may be a subspecies of Vulpes velox) }
{ Alopex, genus_Alopex, mammal_genus,@ family_Canidae,#m (arctic foxes) }
{ Arctic_fox, white_fox, Alopex_lagopus, fox,@ genus_Alopex,#m (thickly-furred fox of Arctic regions; brownish in summer and white in winter) }
{ blue_fox, Arctic_fox,@ (a variety of Arctic fox having a pale grey winter coat) }
{ Urocyon, genus_Urocyon, mammal_genus,@ family_Canidae,#m (grey foxes) }
{ grey_fox, gray_fox, Urocyon_cinereoargenteus, fox,@ genus_Urocyon,#m (dark grey American fox; from Central America through southern United States) }

{ Felidae, family_Felidae, mammal_family,@ order_Carnivora,#m (cats; wildcats; lions; leopards; cheetahs; saber-toothed tigers) }
{ [ feline, adj.pert:feline,+ ] felid, carnivore,@ family_Felidae,#m (any of various lithe-bodied roundheaded fissiped mammals, many with retractile claws) }
{ Felis, genus_Felis, mammal_genus,@ family_Felidae,#m (type genus of the Felidae: true cats and most wildcats) }
{ cat, true_cat, feline,@ (feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and no ability to roar: domestic cats; wildcats) }
{ domestic_cat, house_cat, Felis_domesticus, Felis_catus, cat,@ domestic_animal,@ genus_Felis,#m noun.group:clowder,#m (any domesticated member of the genus Felis) }
{ kitty1, kitty-cat, puss, pussy, pussycat, domestic_cat,@ (informal terms referring to a domestic cat) }
{ mouser, domestic_cat,@ (a cat proficient at mousing) }
{ alley_cat, domestic_cat,@ (a homeless cat) }
{ [ stray, adj.all:lost1^stray,+ verb.motion:stray1,+ ] domestic_animal,@ (an animal that has strayed (especially a domestic animal)) }
{ tom1, tomcat, domestic_cat,@ (male cat) }
{ gib, tom1,@ (a castrated tomcat) }
{ tabby2, queen3, domestic_cat,@ (female cat) }
{ [ kitten, verb.body:kitten,+ ] kitty2, young_mammal,@ (young domestic cat) }
{ tabby1, tabby_cat, domestic_cat,@ (a cat with a grey or tawny coat mottled with black) }
{ tiger_cat2, domestic_cat,@ (a cat having a striped coat) }
{ tortoiseshell1, tortoiseshell-cat, calico_cat, domestic_cat,@ (a cat having black and cream-colored and yellowish markings) }
{ Persian_cat, domestic_cat,@ (a long-haired breed of cat) }
{ Angora3, Angora_cat, domestic_cat,@ (a long-haired breed of cat similar to the Persian cat) }
{ Siamese_cat, Siamese, domestic_cat,@ (a slender short-haired blue-eyed breed of cat having a pale coat with dark ears paws face and tail tip) }
{ blue_point_Siamese, Siamese_cat,@ (Siamese cat having a bluish cream-colored body and dark grey points) }
{ Burmese_cat, domestic_cat,@ (a short-haired breed with body similar to the Siamese cat but having a solid dark brown or grey coat) }
{ Egyptian_cat, domestic_cat,@ (a domestic cat of Egypt) }
{ Maltese1, Maltese_cat, domestic_cat,@ (a term applied indiscriminately in the United States to any short-haired bluish-grey cat) }
{ Abyssinian, Abyssinian_cat, domestic_cat,@ (a small slender short-haired breed of African origin having brownish fur with a reddish undercoat) }
{ Manx, Manx_cat, domestic_cat,@ (a short-haired tailless breed of cat believed to originate on the Isle of Man) }

{ wildcat, cat,@ genus_Felis,#m (any small or medium-sized cat resembling the domestic cat and living in the wild) }
{ sand_cat, wildcat,@ (a desert wildcat) }
{ European_wildcat, catamountain, Felis_silvestris, wildcat,@ genus_Felis,#m (bushy-tailed wildcat of Europe that resembles the domestic cat and is regarded as the ancestor of the domestic cat) }
{ cougar, puma, catamount1, mountain_lion, painter, panther4, Felis_concolor, wildcat,@ genus_Felis,#m (large American feline resembling a lion) }
{ ocelot, panther_cat, Felis_pardalis, wildcat,@ genus_Felis,#m (nocturnal wildcat of Central America and South America having a dark-spotted buff-brown coat) }
{ jaguarundi, jaguarundi_cat, jaguarondi, eyra, Felis_yagouaroundi, wildcat,@ genus_Felis,#m (long-bodied long-tailed tropical American wildcat) }
{ kaffir_cat, caffer_cat, Felis_ocreata, wildcat,@ genus_Felis,#m (widely distributed wildcat of Africa and Asia Minor) }
{ jungle_cat, Felis_chaus, wildcat,@ genus_Felis,#m (small Asiatic wildcat) }
{ serval, Felis_serval, wildcat,@ genus_Felis,#m (slender long-legged African wildcat having large untufted ears and tawny black-spotted coat) }
{ leopard_cat, Felis_bengalensis, wildcat,@ genus_Felis,#m (small spotted wildcat of southern Asia and Malaysia) }
{ tiger_cat1, Felis_tigrina, wildcat,@ genus_Felis,#m (medium-sized wildcat of Central America and South America having a dark-striped coat) }
{ margay, margay_cat, Felis_wiedi, wildcat,@ genus_Felis,#m (small spotted wildcat found from Texas to Brazil) }
{ manul, Pallas's_cat, Felis_manul, wildcat,@ genus_Felis,#m (small wildcat of the mountains of Siberia and Tibet and Mongolia) }

{ genus_Lynx, mammal_genus,@ family_Felidae,#m (lynxes) }
{ lynx, catamount2, wildcat,@ genus_Lynx,#m (short-tailed wildcats with usually tufted ears; valued for their fur) }
{ common_lynx, Lynx_lynx, lynx,@ (of northern Eurasia) }
{ Canada_lynx, Lynx_canadensis, lynx,@ (of northern North America) }
{ bobcat, bay_lynx, Lynx_rufus, lynx,@ (small lynx of North America) }
{ spotted_lynx, Lynx_pardina, lynx,@ (of southern Europe) }
{ caracal, desert_lynx, Lynx_caracal, lynx,@ (of deserts of northern Africa and southern Asia) }

{ big_cat, cat2, feline,@ family_Felidae,#m (any of several large cats typically able to roar and living in the wild) }
{ Panthera, genus_Panthera, mammal_genus,@ family_Felidae,#m (lions; leopards; snow leopards; jaguars; tigers; cheetahs; saber-toothed tigers) }
{ leopard, Panthera_pardus, big_cat,@ genus_Panthera,#m (large feline of African and Asian forests usually having a tawny coat with black spots) }
{ leopardess, leopard,@ (female leopard) }
{ panther2, leopard,@ (a leopard in the black color phase) }
{ snow_leopard, ounce, Panthera_uncia, big_cat,@ genus_Panthera,#m (large feline of upland central Asia having long thick whitish fur) }
{ jaguar, panther3, Panthera_onca, Felis_onca, big_cat,@ genus_Panthera,#m (a large spotted feline of tropical America similar to the leopard; in some classifications considered a member of the genus Felis) }
{ lion, king_of_beasts, Panthera_leo, big_cat,@ genus_Panthera,#m noun.group:pride,#m (large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male) }
{ lioness, lion,@ (a female lion) }
{ lionet, lion,@ (a small or young lion) }
{ tiger, Panthera_tigris, big_cat,@ genus_Panthera,#m (large feline of forests in most of Asia having a tawny coat with black stripes; endangered) }
{ Bengal_tiger, tiger,@ (southern short-haired tiger) }
{ tigress, tiger,@ (a female tiger) }
{ liger, big_cat,@ (offspring of a male lion and a female tiger) }
{ tiglon, tigon, big_cat,@ (offspring of a male tiger and a female lion) }
{ Acinonyx, genus_Acinonyx, mammal_genus,@ family_Felidae,#m (cheetahs) }
{ cheetah, chetah, Acinonyx_jubatus, big_cat,@ genus_Acinonyx,#m (long-legged spotted cat of Africa and southwestern Asia having nonretractile claws; the swiftest mammal; can be trained to run down game) }
{ saber-toothed_tiger, sabertooth, big_cat,@ (any of many extinct cats of the Old and New Worlds having long swordlike upper canine teeth; from the Oligocene through the Pleistocene) }
{ Smiledon, genus_Smiledon, mammal_genus,@ family_Felidae,#m (saber-toothed tigers) }
{ Smiledon_californicus, saber-toothed_tiger,@ genus_Smiledon,#m (North American sabertooth; culmination of sabertooth development) }
{ Nimravus, genus_Nimravus, mammal_genus,@ family_Felidae,#m (false sabertoothed tigers) }
{ false_saber-toothed_tiger, saber-toothed_tiger,@ genus_Nimravus,#m (North American cat of the Miocene and Pliocene; much earlier and less specialized than members of the genus Smiledon) }

{ Ursidae, family_Ursidae, mammal_family,@ order_Carnivora,#m (bears and extinct related forms) }
{ bear, carnivore,@ family_Ursidae,#m (massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws) }
{ Ursus, genus_Ursus, mammal_genus,@ family_Ursidae,#m (type genus of Ursidae: brown bears; in some classifications genus Ursus includes all bears) }
{ brown_bear, bruin1, Ursus_arctos, bear,@ genus_Ursus,#m (large ferocious bear of Eurasia) }
{ bruin2, bear,@ (a conventional name for a bear used in tales following usage in the old epic `Reynard the Fox') }
{ Syrian_bear, Ursus_arctos_syriacus, brown_bear,@ (yellowish-grey Syrian brown bear) }
{ grizzly, grizzly_bear, silvertip, silver-tip, Ursus_horribilis, Ursus_arctos_horribilis, brown_bear,@ (powerful brownish-yellow bear of the uplands of western North America) }
{ Alaskan_brown_bear, Kodiak_bear, Kodiak, Ursus_middendorffi, Ursus_arctos_middendorffi, brown_bear,@ (brown bear of coastal Alaska and British Columbia) }
{ Euarctos, genus_Euarctos, mammal_genus,@ family_Ursidae,#m (American black bears; in some classifications not a separate genus from Ursus) }
{ American_black_bear, black_bear1, Ursus_americanus, Euarctos_americanus, bear,@ genus_Euarctos,#m (brown to black North American bear; smaller and less ferocious than the brown bear) }
{ cinnamon_bear, American_black_bear,@ (reddish-brown color phase of the American black bear) }
{ Selenarctos, genus_Selenarctos, mammal_genus,@ family_Ursidae,#m (Asiatic black bears; in some classifications not a separate genus from Ursus) }
{ Asiatic_black_bear, black_bear2, Ursus_thibetanus, Selenarctos_thibetanus, bear,@ genus_Selenarctos,#m (bear with a black coat living in central and eastern Asia) }
{ Thalarctos, genus_Thalarctos, mammal_genus,@ family_Ursidae,#m (polar bears; in some classifications not a separate genus from Ursus) }
{ ice_bear, polar_bear, Ursus_Maritimus, Thalarctos_maritimus, bear,@ genus_Thalarctos,#m (white bear of Arctic regions) }
{ Melursus, genus_Melursus, mammal_genus,@ family_Ursidae,#m (sloth bears; in some classifications not a separate genus from Ursus) }
{ sloth_bear, Melursus_ursinus, Ursus_ursinus, bear,@ genus_Melursus,#m (common coarse-haired long-snouted bear of south-central Asia) }

{ Viverridae, family_Viverridae, Viverrinae, family_Viverrinae, mammal_family,@ order_Carnivora,#m (genets; civets; mongooses) }
{ viverrine, viverrine_mammal, carnivore,@ family_Viverridae,#m (small cat-like predatory mammals of warmer parts of the Old World) }
{ civet, civet_cat1, viverrine_mammal,@ family_Viverridae,#m (cat-like mammal typically secreting musk used in perfumes) }
{ Viverra, genus_Viverra, mammal_genus,@ family_Viverridae,#m (type genus of the family Viverridae) }
{ large_civet, Viverra_zibetha, civet,@ (common civet of India and southeast Asia) }
{ Viverricula, genus_Viverricula, mammal_genus,@ family_Viverridae,#m (a genus of Viverridae) }
{ small_civet, Viverricula_indica, Viverricula_malaccensis, civet,@ (a common civet of southeast Asia) }
{ Arctictis, genus_Arctictis, mammal_genus,@ family_Viverridae,#m (binturongs) }
{ binturong, bearcat, Arctictis_bintourong, civet,@ genus_Arctictis,#m (arboreal civet of Asia having a long prehensile tail and shaggy black hair) }
{ Cryptoprocta, genus_Cryptoprocta, civet,@ family_Viverridae,#m (large primitive cat-like carnivores inhabiting forests of Madagascar) }
{ fossa1, fossa_cat, Cryptoprocta_ferox, viverrine_mammal,@ (largest carnivore of Madagascar; intermediate in some respects between cats and civets) }
{ Fossa, genus_Fossa, mammal_genus,@ family_Viverridae,#m (monotypic genus of Madagascar civets closely related to palm civets) }
{ fanaloka, Fossa_fossa, civet,@ genus_Fossa,#m (civet of Madagascar) }
{ Genetta, genus_Genetta, mammal_genus,@ family_Viverridae,#m (genets) }
{ genet, Genetta_genetta, viverrine_mammal,@ genus_Genetta,#m (agile Old World viverrine having a spotted coat and long ringed tail) }
{ Hemigalus, genus_Hemigalus, mammal_genus,@ family_Viverridae,#m (banded palm civets)}
{ banded_palm_civet, Hemigalus_hardwickii, civet,@ genus_Hemigalus,#m (an East Indian civet) }
{ Herpestes, genus_Herpestes, mammal_genus,@ family_Viverridae,#m (mongooses) }
{ mongoose, viverrine_mammal,@ genus_Herpestes,#m (agile grizzled Old World viverrine; preys on snakes and rodents) }
{ Indian_mongoose, Herpestes_nyula, mongoose,@ (keen-sighted viverrine of southern Asia about the size of a ferret; often domesticated) }
{ ichneumon, Herpestes_ichneumon, mongoose,@ (northern African mongoose; in ancient times thought to devour crocodile eggs) }
{ Paradoxurus, genus_Paradoxurus, mammal_genus,@ family_Viverridae,#m (palm civets) }
{ palm_cat, palm_civet, civet,@ genus_Paradoxurus,#m (spotted or striped arboreal civet of southeast Asia and East Indies) }
{ Suricata, genus_Suricata, mammal_genus,@ family_Viverridae,#m (meerkats) }
{ meerkat, mierkat, viverrine_mammal,@ genus_Suricata,#m (a mongoose-like viverrine of South Africa having a face like a lemur and only four toes) }
{ slender-tailed_meerkat, Suricata_suricatta, meerkat,@ (a meerkat with a thin and elongated tail) }
{ suricate, Suricata_tetradactyla, meerkat,@ (burrowing diurnal meerkat of southern Africa; often kept as a pet) }

{ Chiroptera, order_Chiroptera, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (an old order dating to early Eocene: bats: suborder Megachiroptera (fruit bats); suborder Microchiroptera (insectivorous bats)) }
{ bat, chiropteran, placental_mammal,@ order_Chiroptera,#m (nocturnal mouselike mammal with forelimbs modified to form membranous wings and anatomical adaptations for echolocation by which they navigate) }

{ Megachiroptera, suborder_Megachiroptera, animal_order,@ order_Chiroptera,#m (fruit bats) }
{ fruit_bat, megabat, bat,@ suborder_Megachiroptera,#m (large Old World bat of warm and tropical regions that feeds on fruit) }
{ Pteropus, genus_Pteropus, mammal_genus,@ suborder_Megachiroptera,#m (a genus of Megachiroptera) }
{ flying_fox, fruit_bat,@ genus_Pteropus,#m (large bat with a head that resembles the head of a fox) }
{ Pteropus_capestratus, fruit_bat,@ (a variety of fruit bat) }
{ Pteropus_hypomelanus, fruit_bat,@ (a variety of fruit bat) }
{ Nyctimene, genus_Nyctimene, mammal_genus,@ suborder_Megachiroptera,#m (East Indian fruit bats) }
{ harpy2, harpy_bat, tube-nosed_bat, tube-nosed_fruit_bat, fruit_bat,@ genus_Nyctimene,#m (any of various fruit bats of the genus Nyctimene distinguished by nostrils drawn out into diverging tubes) }
{ Cynopterus, genus_Cynopterus, mammal_genus,@ suborder_Megachiroptera,#m (a genus of Megachiroptera) }
{ Cynopterus_sphinx, fruit_bat,@ genus_Cynopterus,#m (a variety of fruit eating bat) }
{ Microchiroptera, suborder_Microchiroptera, animal_order,@ order_Chiroptera,#m (most of the bats in the world; all bats except fruit bats insectivorous bats) }
{ carnivorous_bat, microbat, bat,@ suborder_Microchiroptera,#m (typically having large ears and feeding primarily on insects; worldwide in distribution) }
{ mouse-eared_bat, carnivorous_bat,@ (a carnivorous bat with ears like a mouse) }
{ leafnose_bat, leaf-nosed_bat, carnivorous_bat,@ (bat having a leaflike flap at the end of the nose; especially of the families Phyllostomatidae and Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae) }

{ Phyllostomidae, family_Phyllostomidae, Phyllostomatidae, family_Phyllostomatidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Microchiroptera,#m (New World leaf-nosed bats) }
{ genus_Macrotus, mammal_genus,@ family_Phyllostomidae,#m (leafnose bats) }
{ macrotus, Macrotus_californicus, leaf-nosed_bat,@ genus_Macrotus,#m (large-eared greyish bat of southern California and northwestern Mexico) }
{ Phyllostomus, genus_Phyllostomus, mammal_genus,@ family_Phyllostomatidae,#m (type genus of the family Phyllostomatidae) }
{ spearnose_bat, leaf-nosed_bat,@ genus_Phyllostomus,#m (New World bat with a pointed nose leaf; found from southern United States to Paraguay) }
{ Phyllostomus_hastatus, leaf-nosed_bat,@ (a variety of leaf-nosed bat) }
{ Choeronycteris, genus_Choeronycteris, mammal_genus,@ family_Phyllostomatidae,#m (a genus of Phyllostomatidae) }
{ hognose_bat, Choeronycteris_mexicana, leaf-nosed_bat,@ genus_Choeronycteris,#m (small-eared Mexican bat with a long slender nose) }
{ Rhinolophidae, family_Rhinolophidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Microchiroptera,#m (Old World leaf-nosed bats) }
{ horseshoe_bat1, leaf-nosed_bat,@ family_Rhinolophidae,#m (a bat of the family Rhinolophidae having a horseshoe-shaped leaf on the nose) }
{ Hipposideridae, family_Hipposideridae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Microchiroptera,#m (Old World leafnose bats) }
{ Hipposideros, genus_Hipposideros, mammal_genus,@ family_Hipposideridae,#m (horseshoe bats) }
{ horseshoe_bat2, leaf-nosed_bat,@ genus_Hipposideros,#m (any of numerous bats of the family Hipposideridae of northwest Africa or Philippines or Australia having a horseshoe-shaped leaf on the nose) }
{ Rhinonicteris, genus_Rhinonicteris, mammal_genus,@ family_Hipposideridae,#m (orange horseshoe bats) }
{ orange_bat, orange_horseshoe_bat, Rhinonicteris_aurantius, leaf-nosed_bat,@ genus_Rhinonicteris,#m (a common bat of northwestern Australia having orange or yellow fur) }

{ Megadermatidae, family_Megadermatidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Microchiroptera,#m (Old World false vampire bats) }
{ false_vampire, false_vampire_bat, leaf-nosed_bat,@ (any New or Old World carnivorous bat erroneously thought to suck blood but in fact feeding on insects) }
{ Megaderma, genus_Megaderma, mammal_genus,@ family_Megadermatidae,#m (type genus of the Megadermatidae) }
{ big-eared_bat, Megaderma_lyra, false_vampire_bat,@ genus_Megaderma,#m (large carnivorous Old World bat with very large ears) }

{ Vespertilionidae, family_Vespertilionidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Microchiroptera,#m (the majority of common bats of temperate regions of the world) }
{ vespertilian_bat, vespertilionid, carnivorous_bat,@ family_Vespertilionidae,#m (a variety of carnivorous bat) }
{ Vespertilio, genus_Vespertilio, mammal_genus,@ family_Vespertilionidae,#m (a genus of Vespertilionidae) }
{ frosted_bat, Vespertilio_murinus, vespertilian_bat,@ genus_Vespertilio,#m (common Eurasian bat with white-tipped hairs in its coat) }
{ Lasiurus, genus_Lasiurus, mammal_genus,@ family_Vespertilionidae,#m (a genus of Vespertilionidae) }
{ red_bat, Lasiurus_borealis, vespertilian_bat,@ genus_Lasiurus,#m (North American bat of a brick or rusty red color with hairs tipped with white) }
{ brown_bat, carnivorous_bat,@ (any of numerous medium to small insectivorous bats found worldwide in caves and trees and buildings) }
{ Myotis, genus_Myotis, mammal_genus,@ family_Vespertilionidae,#m (largest and most widely distributed genus of bats) }
{ little_brown_bat, little_brown_myotis, Myotis_leucifugus, vespertilian_bat,@ genus_Myotis,#m (the small common North American bat; widely distributed) }
{ cave_myotis, Myotis_velifer, vespertilian_bat,@ genus_Myotis,#m (small bat of southwest United States that lives in caves etc.) }
{ Eptesicus, genus_Eptesicus, mammal_genus,@ family_Vespertilionidae,#m (a genus of Vespertilionidae) }
{ big_brown_bat, Eptesicus_fuscus, vespertilian_bat,@ genus_Eptesicus,#m (rather large North American brown bat; widely distributed) }
{ serotine, European_brown_bat, Eptesicus_serotinus, vespertilian_bat,@ (common brown bat of Europe) }
{ Antrozous, genus_Antrozous, mammal_genus,@ family_Vespertilionidae,#m (a genus of Vespertilionidae) }
{ pallid_bat, cave_bat, Antrozous_pallidus, vespertilian_bat,@ genus_Antrozous,#m (drab yellowish big-eared bat that lives in caves) }
{ Pipistrellus, genus_Pipistrellus, mammal_genus,@ family_Vespertilionidae,#m (nearly cosmopolitan genus of very small bats) }
{ pipistrelle, pipistrel1, Pipistrellus_pipistrellus, vespertilian_bat,@ genus_Pipistrellus,#m (small European brown bat) }
{ eastern_pipistrel, Pipistrellus_subflavus, vespertilian_bat,@ genus_Pipistrellus,#m (one of the smallest bats of eastern North America) }
{ western_pipistrel, SPipistrellus_hesperus, vespertilian_bat,@ genus_Pipistrellus,#m (of western North America) }
{ Euderma, genus_Euderma, mammal_genus,@ family_Vespertilionidae,#m (a genus of Vespertilionidae) }
{ jackass_bat, spotted_bat, Euderma_maculata, vespertilian_bat,@ genus_Euderma,#m (a large bat of the southwestern United States having spots and enormous ears) }
{ Plecotus, genus_Plecotus, mammal_genus,@ family_Vespertilionidae,#m (a genus of Vespertilionidae) }
{ long-eared_bat, vespertilian_bat,@ genus_Plecotus,#m (any of various Old or New World bats having very long ears) }
{ western_big-eared_bat, Plecotus_townsendi, long-eared_bat,@ (bat of western North America having extremely large ears) }

{ Molossidae, family_Molossidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Microchiroptera,#m (mastiff bats; freetail bats) }
{ Tadarida, genus_Tadarida, mammal_genus,@ family_Molossidae,#m (freetail bats) }
{ freetail, free-tailed_bat, freetailed_bat, carnivorous_bat,@ genus_Tadarida,#m (small swift insectivorous bat with leathery ears and a long tail; common in warm regions) }
{ guano_bat, Mexican_freetail_bat, Tadarida_brasiliensis, freetailed_bat,@ (the common freetail bat of southern United States having short velvety fur; migrates southward for winter) }
{ pocketed_bat, pocketed_freetail_bat, Tadirida_femorosacca, freetailed_bat,@ (small brown bat of California and northern Mexico) }
{ Eumops, genus_Eumops, mammal_genus,@ family_Molossidae,#m (mastiff bats) }
{ mastiff_bat, carnivorous_bat,@ genus_Eumops,#m (a soft-furred chocolate-brown bat with folded ears and small wings; often runs along the ground) }

{ Desmodontidae, family_Desmodontidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Microchiroptera,#m (true vampire bats) }
{ vampire_bat, true_vampire_bat, carnivorous_bat,@ family_Desmodontidae,#m (any of various tropical American bats of the family Desmodontidae that bite mammals and birds to feed on their blood) }
{ Desmodus, genus_Desmodus, mammal_genus,@ family_Desmodontidae,#m (type genus of the Desmodontidae: vampire bats) }
{ Desmodus_rotundus, vampire_bat,@ genus_Desmodus,#m (mouse-sized bat of tropical Central America and South America having sharp incisor and canine teeth; feeds on the blood of birds and mammals) }
{ Diphylla, genus_Diphylla, mammal_genus,@ family_Desmodontidae,#m (vampire bats) }
{ hairy-legged_vampire_bat, Diphylla_ecaudata, vampire_bat,@ genus_Diphylla,#m (similar in size and habits to Desmodus rotundus; of tropical America including southern California and Texas) }

{ water_vascular_system, noun.body:vascular_system,@ echinoderm,#p (system of fluid-filled tubes used by echinoderms in locomotion and feeding and respiration) }
{ [ wing, verb.motion:wing,+ ] noun.body:organ,@ bird,#p bat,#p insect,#p noun.person:angel,#p (a movable organ for flying (one of a pair)) }
{ [ ala1, adj.all:winged^alary,+ ] wing,@ insect,#p (a wing of an insect) }
{ forewing, fore-wing, fore_wing, wing,@ (either of the anterior pair of wings on an insect that has four wings) }
{ halter, haltere, [ balancer, verb.stative:balance1,+ verb.contact:balance,+ ] wing,@ dipterous_insect,#p (either of the rudimentary hind wings of dipterous insects; used for maintaining equilibrium during flight) }
{ pennon, [ pinion1, verb.change:pinion,+ ] wing,@ bird,#p (wing of a bird) }
{ wing_case, elytron, wing,@ (either of the horny front wings in beetles and some other insects which cover and protect the functional hind wings) }

{ predator, predatory_animal, noun.Tops:animal,@ (any animal that lives by preying on other animals) }
{ [ prey, verb.consumption:prey10,+ ] quarry, noun.Tops:animal,@ (animal hunted or caught for food) }
{ game, noun.Tops:animal,@ (animal hunted for food or sport) }
{ big_game, game,@ (large animals that are hunted for sport) }
{ game_bird, game,@ gallinaceous_bird,@ (any bird (as grouse or pheasant) that is hunted for sport) }

{ animal_foot, foot1, noun.body:vertebrate_foot,@ (the pedal extremity of vertebrates other than human beings) }
{ fossorial_foot, animal_foot,@ (foot adapted for digging as in moles) }
{ fossorial_mammal, mammal,@ (a burrowing mammal having limbs adapted for digging) }
{ hoof, animal_foot,@ ungulate,#p (the foot of an ungulate mammal) }
{ hoof1, noun.body:horny_structure,@ hoof,#p (the horny covering of the end of the foot in ungulate mammals) }
{ cloven_foot, cloven_hoof, hoof,@ (a hoof divided into two parts at its distal extremity (as of ruminants or swine)) }
{ bird's_foot, animal_foot,@ bird,#p (the foot of a bird) }
{ webfoot, animal_foot,@ (a foot having the toes connected by folds of skin) }
{ [ claw1, verb.contact:claw,+ ] bird's_foot,@ (a bird's foot) }
{ [ zygodactyl_foot, heterodactyl_foot,!] bird's_foot,@ (a bird's foot having the first and fourth toes of each foot directed backward and the second and third forward) }
{ [heterodactyl_foot, zygodactyl_foot,!] bird's_foot,@ (a bird's foot having the first and second toes of each foot directed backward and the third and fourth forward) }
{ webbed_foot, bird's_foot,@ (a bird's foot with folds of skin between the toes) }
{ lobate_foot, bird's_foot,@ (a bird's foot having separate toes each with membranous flaps along the sides) }
{ [ calyculus, adj.pert:calycular,+ adj.pert:calicular,+ ] caliculus, calycle, noun.body:structure,@ (a small cup-shaped structure (as a taste bud or optic cup or cavity of a coral containing a polyp)) }
{ optic_cup, eyecup, calyculus,@ noun.cognition:embryology,;c ((embryology) a two-walled cuplike depression that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina) }
{ tooth2, noun.body:structure,@ (toothlike structure in invertebrates found in the mouth or alimentary canal or on a shell) }
{ denticle, tooth2,@ (small pointed ridge on the exoskeleton of an arthropod) }
{ [ claw, verb.contact:claw,+ ] noun.body:horny_structure,@ (sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles) }
{ bear_claw, claw,@ (claw of a bear; often used in jewelry) }
{ talon, claw,@ bird's_foot,#p (a sharp hooked claw especially on a bird of prey) }
{ [ claw2, verb.contact:claw,+ ] chela, [ nipper, verb.contact:nip,+ ] pincer, noun.body:extremity,@ crustacean,#p (a grasping structure on the limb of a crustacean or other arthropods) }
{ tetrapod, vertebrate,@ (a vertebrate animal having four feet or legs or leglike appendages) }
{ [ quadruped, adj.all:quadrupedal,+ ] tetrapod,@ (an animal especially a mammal having four limbs specialized for walking) }
{ hexapod, noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal having six feet) }
{ [ biped, adj.all:biped,+ adj.all:bipedal,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal with two feet) }
{ belly1, underpart,@ vertebrate,#p (the underpart of the body of certain vertebrates such as snakes or fish) }
{ [ tail, verb.contact:tail,+ ] noun.body:process,@ vertebrate,#p (the posterior part of the body of a vertebrate especially when elongated and extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body) }
{ brush, tail,@ (a bushy tail or part of a bushy tail (especially of the fox)) }
{ bobtail, [ bob, verb.contact:bob,+ ] [ dock1, verb.contact:dock1,+ ] tail,@ (a short or shortened tail of certain animals) }
{ caudal_appendage, tail,@ vertebrate,#p (tail especially of a mammal posterior to and above the anus) }
{ uropygium, tail,@ bird,#p (posterior part of a bird's body from which the tail feathers grow) }
{ oxtail, tail,@ noun.food:oxtail_soup,#s (the skinned tail of cattle; used especially for soups) }
{ fluke1, tail,@ cetacean,#p (either of the two lobes of the tail of a cetacean) }
{ scut, tail,@ deer,#p rabbit,#p (a short erect tail) }
{ flag, tail,@ deer,#p dog,#p (a conspicuously marked or shaped tail) }
{ dock, noun.body:body_part,@ tail,#p (the solid bony part of the tail of an animal as distinguished from the hair) }
{ horse's_foot, hoof,@ horse,#p (the hoof of a horse) }

{ Insecta, class_Insecta, Hexapoda, class_Hexapoda, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Arthropoda,#m (insects; about five-sixths of all known animal species) }
{ [ insect, adj.pert:insectan,+ ] arthropod,@ phylum_Arthropoda,#m noun.group:swarm,#m (small air-breathing arthropod) }
{ social_insect, insect,@ (an insect that lives in a colony with other insects of the same species) }
{ ephemeron, ephemeral, insect,@ (anything short-lived, as an insect that lives only for a day in its winged form) }
{ holometabola, metabola, insect,@ (insects that undergo complete metamorphosis) }
{ [ defoliator, verb.change:defoliate,+ ] insect,@ (an insect that strips the leaves from plants) }
{ [ pollinator, verb.body:pollinate,+ ] insect,@ (an insect that carries pollen from one flower to another) }
{ gallfly, insect,@ (any of various insects that deposit their eggs in plants causing galls in which the larvae feed) }

{ Mantophasmatodea, order_mantophasmatodea, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (an order of insect identified in 2002 in a 45 million year old piece of amber from the Baltic region) }

{ [ Mecoptera, adj.pert:mecopterous,+ ] order_Mecoptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (an order of carnivorous insects usually having long membranous wings and long beaklike heads with chewing mouths at the tip) }
{ mecopteran, insect,@ order_Mecoptera,#m (any of various carnivorous insects of the order Mecoptera) }
{ Panorpidae, family_Panorpidae, noun.group:family3,@ order_Mecoptera,#m (a family of insects of the order Mecoptera) }
{ scorpion_fly, mecopteran,@ Panorpidae,#m (any of various mecopterous insects of the family Panorpidae of the northern hemisphere having a long beak and long antennae; males have a tail like that of a scorpion except it is not venomous) }
{ Bittacidae, family_Bittacidae, noun.group:family3,@ order_Mecoptera,#m (a family of predacious tropical insects of the order Mecoptera) }
{ hanging_fly, mecopteran,@ Bittacidae,#m (any of various mecopterous insects of the family Bittacidae) }

{ Collembola, order_Collembola, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (minute wingless arthropods: springtails) }
{ collembolan, springtail, insect,@ order_Collembola,#m (any of numerous minute wingless primitive insects possessing a special abdominal appendage that allows the characteristic nearly perpetual springing pattern; found in soil rich in organic debris or on the surface of snow or water) }
{ Protura, order_Protura, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (minute wingless arthropods: telsontails) }
{ proturan, telsontail, insect,@ order_Protura,#m (any of several minute primitive wingless and eyeless insects having a cone-shaped head; inhabit damp soil or decaying organic matter) }

{ Coleoptera, order_Coleoptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (beetles) }
{ beetle, insect,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings) }
{ Cicindelidae, family_Cicindelidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (tiger beetles) }
{ tiger_beetle, beetle,@ family_Cicindelidae,#m (active usually bright-colored beetle that preys on other insects) }
{ Coccinellidae, family_Coccinellidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (the ladybugs) }
{ ladybug, ladybeetle, lady_beetle, ladybird, ladybird_beetle, beetle,@ family_Coccinellidae,#m (small round bright-colored and spotted beetle that usually feeds on aphids and other insect pests) }
{ Adalia, genus_Adalia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Coccinellidae,#m (genus of ladybugs) }
{ two-spotted_ladybug, Adalia_bipunctata, ladybug,@ genus_Adalia,#m (red ladybug with a black spot on each wing) }
{ Epilachna, genus_Epilachna, arthropod_genus,@ family_Coccinellidae,#m (genus of ladybugs native to Mexico and Central America; both larvae and adults feed on plants) }
{ Mexican_bean_beetle, bean_beetle, Epilachna_varivestis, ladybug,@ genus_Epilachna,#m (introduced into the United States from Mexico; feeds on the foliage of the bean plant) }
{ Hippodamia, genus_Hippodamia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Coccinellidae,#m (genus of ladybugs) }
{ Hippodamia_convergens, ladybug,@ genus_Hippodamia,#m (a variety of ladybug) }
{ Rodolia, genus_Rodolia, genus_Vedalia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Coccinellidae,#m (genus of Australian ladybugs) }
{ vedalia, Rodolia_cardinalis, ladybug,@ genus_Rodolia,#m (native to Australia; introduced elsewhere to control scale insects) }
{ Carabidae, family_Carabidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (ground beetles) }
{ ground_beetle, carabid_beetle, beetle,@ family_Carabidae,#m (predacious shining black or metallic terrestrial beetle that destroys many injurious insects) }
{ Brachinus, genus_Brachinus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Carabidae,#m (bombardier beetles) }
{ bombardier_beetle, ground_beetle,@ genus_Brachinus,#m (beetle that ejects audibly a pungent vapor when disturbed) }
{ genus_Calosoma, arthropod_genus,@ family_Carabidae,#m (genus of large predaceous ground beetles that feed on injurious caterpillars) }
{ calosoma, ground_beetle,@ genus_Calosoma,#m (any beetle of the genus Calosoma) }
{ searcher, searcher_beetle, Calosoma_scrutator, calosoma,@ (large metallic blue-green beetle that preys on caterpillars; found in North America) }
{ Lampyridae, family_Lampyridae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (fireflies) }
{ firefly1, lightning_bug, beetle,@ family_Lampyridae,#m (nocturnal beetle common in warm regions having luminescent abdominal organs) }
{ glowworm, firefly1,@ (the luminous larva or wingless grub-like female of a firefly) }
{ Cerambycidae, family_Cerambycidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (long-horned beetles) }
{ long-horned_beetle, longicorn, longicorn_beetle, beetle,@ family_Cerambycidae,#m (long-bodied beetle having very long antennae) }
{ Monochamus, genus_Monochamus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cerambycidae,#m (sawyer beetles) }
{ sawyer, sawyer_beetle, long-horned_beetle,@ genus_Monochamus,#m (any of several beetles whose larvae bore holes in dead or dying trees especially conifers) }
{ pine_sawyer, sawyer_beetle,@ genus_Monochamus,#m (large beetle whose larvae bore holes in pine trees) }
{ Chrysomelidae, family_Chrysomelidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (leaf beetles) }
{ leaf_beetle, chrysomelid, beetle,@ family_Chrysomelidae,#m (brightly colored beetle that feeds on plant leaves; larvae infest roots and stems) }
{ flea_beetle, leaf_beetle,@ (any small leaf beetle having enlarged hind legs and capable of jumping) }
{ Leptinotarsa, genus_Leptinotarsa, arthropod_genus,@ family_Chrysomelidae,#m (Colorado potato beetles) }
{ Colorado_potato_beetle, Colorado_beetle, potato_bug, potato_beetle, Leptinotarsa_decemlineata, leaf_beetle,@ genus_Leptinotarsa,#m (black-and-yellow beetle that feeds in adult and larval stages on potato leaves; originally of eastern Rocky Mountains; now worldwide) }
{ Dermestidae, family_Dermestidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (carpet beetles) }
{ carpet_beetle, carpet_bug, beetle,@ family_Dermestidae,#m (small beetle whose larvae are household pests feeding on woolen fabrics) }
{ buffalo_carpet_beetle, Anthrenus_scrophulariae, carpet_beetle,@ (a small black and red and white carpet beetle) }
{ black_carpet_beetle, carpet_beetle,@ (a carpet beetle that is solid black in color) }
{ Cleridae, family_Cleridae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (beetles that prey on other insects) }
{ clerid_beetle, clerid, beetle,@ family_Cleridae,#m (predacious on other insects; usually brightly colored or metallic) }
{ bee_beetle, clerid_beetle,@ (European beetle; infests beehives) }
{ Lamellicornia, superfamily_Lamellicornia, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (scarabaeid beetles and stag beetles) }
{ lamellicorn_beetle, beetle,@ superfamily_Lamellicornia,#m (beetle having antennae with hard platelike terminal segments) }
{ Scarabaeidae, family_Scarabaeidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Lamellicornia,#m (scarab or dung beetles) }
{ scarabaeid_beetle, scarabaeid, scarabaean, lamellicorn_beetle,@ family_Scarabaeidae,#m (any of numerous species of stout-bodied beetles having heads with horny spikes) }
{ dung_beetle, scarabaeid_beetle,@ (any of numerous beetles that roll balls of dung on which they feed and in which they lay eggs) }
{ genus_Scarabaeus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Scarabaeidae,#m (type genus of the Scarabaeidae) }
{ scarab, scarabaeus, Scarabaeus_sacer, dung_beetle,@ genus_Scarabaeus,#m (scarabaeid beetle considered divine by ancient Egyptians) }
{ tumblebug, dung_beetle,@ (any of various dung beetles) }
{ dorbeetle, dung_beetle,@ (Old World dung beetle that flies with a droning sound) }
{ June_beetle, June_bug, May_bug2, May_beetle2, scarabaeid_beetle,@ (any of various large usually brown North American leaf-eating beetles common in late spring; the larvae feed on roots of grasses etc.) }
{ green_June_beetle, figeater, June_beetle,@ (large greenish June beetle of southern United States) }
{ Popillia, genus_Popillia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Scarabaeidae,#m (a genus of Scarabaeidae) }
{ Japanese_beetle, Popillia_japonica, scarabaeid_beetle,@ genus_Popillia,#m (small metallic green and brown beetle native to eastern Asia; serious plant pest in North America) }
{ Anomala, genus_Anomala, arthropod_genus,@ family_Scarabaeidae,#m (genus of beetles whose grubs feed mainly on roots of plants; includes several pests of cultivated grasses) }
{ Oriental_beetle, Asiatic_beetle, Anomala_orientalis, scarabaeid_beetle,@ genus_Anomala,#m (introduced into United States from the Orient; larvae feed on roots of sugarcane and other grasses) }
{ rhinoceros_beetle, scarabaeid_beetle,@ (any of various large chiefly tropical beetles having horns on the head; pest on coconuts) }
{ Melolonthidae, subfamily_Melolonthidae, arthropod_family,@ family_Scarabaeidae,#m (considered a separate family in some classification systems) }
{ melolonthid_beetle, scarabaeid_beetle,@ (any of various beetles of the family (or subfamily) Melolonthidae) }
{ Melolontha, genus_Melolontha, arthropod_genus,@ subfamily_Melolonthidae,#m (a genus of Melolonthidae) }
{ cockchafer, May_bug1, May_beetle1, Melolontha_melolontha, melolonthid_beetle,@ genus_Melolontha,#m (any of various large European beetles destructive to vegetation as both larvae and adult) }
{ Macrodactylus, genus_Macrodactylus, arthropod_genus,@ subfamily_Melolonthidae,#m (a genus of Melolonthidae) }
{ rose_chafer, rose_bug, Macrodactylus_subspinosus, melolonthid_beetle,@ genus_Macrodactylus,#m (common North American beetle: larvae feed on roots and adults on leaves and flowers of e.g. rose bushes or apple trees or grape vines) }
{ Cetoniidae, subfamily_Cetoniidae, arthropod_family,@ family_Scarabaeidae,#m (considered a separate family in some classification systems) }
{ Cetonia, genus_Cetonia, arthropod_genus,@ subfamily_Cetoniidae,#m (a genus of Cetoniidae) }
{ rose_chafer2, rose_beetle, Cetonia_aurata, scarabaeid_beetle,@ genus_Cetonia,#m (a common metallic green European beetle: larvae feed on plant roots and adults on leaves and flowers of e.g. roses) }

{ Lucanidae, family_Lucanidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Lamellicornia,#m (stag beetles) }
{ stag_beetle, lamellicorn_beetle,@ family_Lucanidae,#m (a kind of lamellicorn beetle; the male has branched mandibles resembling antlers) }
{ Elateridae, family_Elateridae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (click beetles and certain fireflies) }
{ elaterid_beetle, elater, elaterid, beetle,@ family_Elateridae,#m (any of various widely distributed beetles) }
{ click_beetle, skipjack3, snapping_beetle, elaterid_beetle,@ (able to right itself when on its back by flipping into the air with a clicking sound) }
{ Pyrophorus, genus_Pyrophorus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Elateridae,#m (tropical click beetles) }
{ firefly2, fire_beetle, Pyrophorus_noctiluca, elaterid_beetle,@ genus_Pyrophorus,#m (tropical American click beetle having bright luminous spots) }
{ wireworm, larva,@ family_Elateridae,#m (wormlike larva of various elaterid beetles; feeds on roots of many crop plants) }
{ Dytiscidae, family_Dytiscidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (water beetles) }
{ water_beetle, beetle,@ family_Dytiscidae,#m (any of numerous aquatic beetles usually having a smooth oval body and flattened hind legs for swimming) }
{ Gyrinidae, family_Gyrinidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (whirligig beetles) }
{ whirligig_beetle, beetle,@ family_Gyrinidae,#m (aquatic beetle that circles rapidly on the water surface) }
{ Anobiidae, family_Anobiidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (deathwatch beetles) }
{ deathwatch_beetle, deathwatch1, Xestobium_rufovillosum, beetle,@ family_Anobiidae,#m (bores through wood making a ticking sound popularly thought to presage death) }
{ weevil, beetle,@ (any of several families of mostly small beetles that feed on plants and plant products; especially snout beetles and seed beetles) }
{ Curculionidae, family_Curculionidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (true weevils: snout beetles) }
{ snout_beetle, weevil,@ family_Curculionidae,#m (small weevil having a prolonged snout; destructive to e.g. grains and nuts) }
{ Anthonomus, genus_Anthonomus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Curculionidae,#m (weevils destructive of cultivated plants) }
{ boll_weevil, Anthonomus_grandis, weevil,@ genus_Anthonomus,#m (greyish weevil that lays its eggs in cotton bolls destroying the cotton) }

{ Meloidae, family_Meloidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (blister beetles) }
{ blister_beetle, meloid, beetle,@ family_Meloidae,#m (beetle that produces a secretion that blisters the skin) }
{ oil_beetle, blister_beetle,@ (any of various beetles that exude an oily substance from the leg joints that deters enemies) }
{ Spanish_fly, blister_beetle,@ (green beetle of southern Europe) }

{ Scolytidae, family_Scolytidae, Ipidae, family_Ipidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (large family of bark-boring or wood-boring short-beaked beetles; very destructive to forest and fruit trees) }
{ Scolytus, genus_Scolytus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Scolytidae,#m (type genus of the Scolytidae comprising numerous small bark beetles) }
{ Dutch-elm_beetle, Scolytus_multistriatus, bark_beetle,@ genus_Scolytus,#m (a vector of the fungus causing Dutch elm disease) }
{ Dendroctonus, genus_Dendroctonus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Scolytidae,#m (genus of small bark beetles destructive especially to mature conifers) }
{ bark_beetle, beetle,@ family_Scolytidae,#m (small beetle that bores tunnels in the bark and wood of trees; related to weevils) }
{ spruce_bark_beetle, Dendroctonus_rufipennis, bark_beetle,@ genus_Dendroctonus,#m (small beetle that likes to bore through the bark of spruce trees and eat the cambium which eventually kills the tree; "the spruce bark beetle is the major tree-killing insect pest of Alaska spruce forests") }

{ Staphylinidae, family_Staphylinidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (rove beetles) }
{ rove_beetle, beetle,@ family_Staphylinidae,#m (active beetle typically having predatory or scavenging habits) }
{ Tenebrionidae, family_Tenebrionidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (a family of arthropods including darkling beetles and mealworms) }
{ darkling_beetle, darkling_groung_beetle, tenebrionid, weevil,@ family_Tenebrionidae,#m (sluggish hard-bodied black terrestrial weevil whose larvae feed on e.g. decaying plant material or grain) }
{ mealworm, larva,@ family_Tenebrionidae,#m (the larva of beetles of the family Tenebrionidae) }
{ Tribolium, genus_Tribolium, arthropod_genus,@ family_Tenebrionidae,#m (flour beetles) }
{ flour_beetle, flour_weevil, darkling_beetle,@ genus_Tribolium,#m (an insect that infests flour and stored grains) }
{ Bruchidae, family_Bruchidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Coleoptera,#m (seed beetles) }
{ seed_beetle, seed_weevil, weevil,@ family_Bruchidae,#m (a small beetle that infests the seeds of legumes) }
{ Bruchus, genus_Bruchus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Bruchidae,#m (type genus of the Bruchidae) }
{ pea_weevil, Bruchus_pisorum, seed_beetle,@ genus_Bruchus,#m (larvae live in and feed on seeds of the pea plant) }
{ Acanthoscelides, genus_Acanthoscelides, arthropod_genus,@ family_Bruchidae,#m (a genus of Bruchidae) }
{ bean_weevil, Acanthoscelides_obtectus, seed_beetle,@ genus_Acanthoscelides,#m (larvae live in and feed on growing or stored beans) }
{ Sitophylus, genus_Sitophylus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Bruchidae,#m (a genus of Bruchidae) }
{ rice_weevil, black_weevil, Sitophylus_oryzae, weevil,@ genus_Sitophylus,#m (brown weevil that infests stored grain especially rice) }

{ Asian_longhorned_beetle, Anoplophora_glabripennis, beetle,@ (a beetle from China that has been found in the United States and is a threat to hardwood trees; lives inside the tree; no natural predators in the United States) }

{ Embioptera, order_Embioptera, Embiodea, order_Embiodea, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (web spinners) }
{ web_spinner, insect,@ order_Embioptera,#m (any of a small order of slender typically tropical insects that nest in colonies in silken tunnels that they spin) }

{ Anoplura, order_Anoplura, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (sucking lice) }
{ [ louse1, adj.all:dirty1^lousy,+ ] sucking_louse, insect,@ order_Anoplura,#m (wingless usually flattened bloodsucking insect parasitic on warm-blooded animals) }
{ Pediculidae, family_Pediculidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Anoplura,#m (true lice: human lice and related forms) }
{ Pediculus, genus_Pediculus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pediculidae,#m (type genus of Pediculidae: true lice infecting humans) }
{ common_louse, Pediculus_humanus, louse1,@ genus_Pediculus,#m (head or body louse) }
{ head_louse, Pediculus_capitis, louse1,@ genus_Pediculus,#m (infests the head and body of humans) }
{ body_louse, cootie, Pediculus_corporis, louse1,@ genus_Pediculus,#m (a parasitic louse that infests the body of human beings) }
{ Phthiriidae, family_Phthiriidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Anoplura,#m (crab lice) }
{ Phthirius, genus_Phthirius, Phthirus, genus_Phthirus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Phthiriidae,#m (true lice: crab lice) }
{ crab_louse, pubic_louse, crab1, Phthirius_pubis, louse1,@ genus_Phthirius,#m (a louse that infests the pubic region of the human body) }

{ Mallophaga, order_Mallophaga, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (biting lice) }
{ bird_louse, biting_louse, [ louse3, adj.all:dirty1^lousy,+ ] insect,@ order_Mallophaga,#m (wingless insect with mouth parts adapted for biting; mostly parasitic on birds) }
{ Menopon, genus_Menopon, arthropod_genus,@ order_Mallophaga,#m (chicken lice) }
{ chicken_louse, shaft_louse, Menopon_palladum, Menopon_gallinae, bird_louse,@ genus_Menopon,#m (a louse parasitic on poultry) }

{ Siphonaptera, order_Siphonaptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (fleas) }
{ flea, insect,@ ectoparasite,@ order_Siphonaptera,#m (any wingless bloodsucking parasitic insect noted for ability to leap) }
{ Pulicidae, family_Pulicidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Siphonaptera,#m (many common fleas attacking humans and domestic animals) }
{ Pulex, genus_Pulex, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pulicidae,#m (type genus of the Pulicidae) }
{ Pulex_irritans, flea,@ genus_Pulex,#m (the most common flea attacking humans) }
{ Ctenocephalides, genus_Ctenocephalides, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pulicidae,#m (an arthropod genus of fleas) }
{ Ctenocephalus, genus_Ctenocephalus, Ctenocephalides,@ (a former usage synonymous with Ctenocephalides) }
{ dog_flea, Ctenocephalides_canis, flea,@ genus_Ctenocephalides,#m (flea that attacks dogs and cats) }
{ cat_flea, Ctenocephalides_felis, flea,@ genus_Ctenocephalides,#m (flea that breeds chiefly on cats and dogs and rats) }
{ Tunga, genus_Tunga, arthropod_genus,@ order_Siphonaptera,#m (a genus of Siphonaptera) }
{ chigoe, chigger2, chigoe_flea, Tunga_penetrans, flea,@ genus_Tunga,#m (small tropical flea; the fertile female burrows under the skin of the host including humans) }
{ Echidnophaga, genus_Echidnophaga, arthropod_genus,@ order_Siphonaptera,#m (a genus of Siphonaptera) }
{ sticktight, sticktight_flea, Echidnophaga_gallinacea, flea,@ genus_Echidnophaga,#m (parasitic on especially the heads of chickens) }

{ [ Diptera, adj.pert:dipterous,+ ] order_Diptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (a large order of insects having a single pair of wings and sucking or piercing mouths; includes true flies and mosquitoes and gnats and crane flies) }
{ dipterous_insect, two-winged_insects, dipteran, dipteron, insect,@ order_Diptera,#m (insects having usually a single pair of functional wings (anterior pair) with the posterior pair reduced to small knobbed structures and mouth parts adapted for sucking or lapping or piercing) }
{ Cecidomyidae, family_Cecidomyidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (gall midges) }
{ gall_midge, gallfly3, gall_gnat, dipterous_insect,@ family_Cecidomyidae,#m (fragile mosquito-like flies that produce galls on plants) }
{ Mayetiola, genus_Mayetiola, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cecidomyidae,#m (a genus of Cecidomyidae) }
{ Hessian_fly, Mayetiola_destructor, gall_midge,@ genus_Mayetiola,#m (small fly whose larvae damage wheat and other grains) }

{ Muscoidea, superfamily_Muscoidea, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (two-winged flies especially the families: Muscidae; Gasterophilidae; Calliphoridae; Tachinidae) }
{ Muscidae, family_Muscidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (two-winged flies especially the housefly) }
{ [ fly, verb.motion:fly,+ ] dipterous_insect,@ order_Diptera,#m (two-winged insects characterized by active flight) }
{ [ alula2, adj.pert:alular,+ ] calypter, squama,@ fly,#p (scalelike structure between the base of the wing and the halter of a two-winged fly) }
{ Musca, genus_Musca, arthropod_genus,@ family_Muscidae,#m (type genus of the Muscidae: houseflies) }
{ housefly, house_fly, Musca_domestica, fly,@ genus_Musca,#m (common fly that frequents human habitations and spreads many diseases) }
{ Glossinidae, family_Glossinidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (flies closely related to the Muscidae: tsetse flies) }
{ genus_Glossina, arthropod_genus,@ family_Glossinidae,#m (type genus of the Glossinidae: tsetse flies) }
{ tsetse_fly, tsetse, tzetze_fly, tzetze, glossina, fly,@ genus_Glossina,#m (bloodsucking African fly; transmits sleeping sickness etc.) }
{ Calliphoridae, family_Calliphoridae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (blowflies) }
{ Calliphora, genus_Calliphora, arthropod_genus,@ family_Calliphoridae,#m (type genus of the Calliphoridae: blowflies) }
{ blowfly, blow_fly, fly,@ genus_Calliphora,#m (large usually hairy metallic blue or green fly; lays eggs in carrion or dung or wounds) }
{ bluebottle, Calliphora_vicina, blowfly,@ (blowfly with iridescent blue body; makes a loud buzzing noise in flight) }
{ Lucilia, genus_Lucilia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Calliphoridae,#m (greenbottle flies) }
{ greenbottle, greenbottle_fly, blowfly,@ genus_Lucilia,#m (blowfly with brilliant coppery green body) }
{ Sarcophaga, genus_Sarcophaga, arthropod_genus,@ family_Calliphoridae,#m (flesh flies) }
{ flesh_fly, Sarcophaga_carnaria, fly,@ genus_Sarcophaga,#m (fly whose larvae feed on carrion or the flesh of living animals) }
{ Tachinidae, family_Tachinidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (parasites on other insects) }
{ tachina_fly, fly,@ family_Tachinidae,#m (bristly fly whose larvae live parasitically in caterpillars and other insects; important in control of noxious insects) }

{ gadfly, fly,@ (any of various large flies that annoy livestock) }
{ botfly, gadfly,@ (stout-bodied hairy dipterous fly whose larvae are parasites on humans and other mammals) }
{ Gasterophilidae, family_Gasterophilidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (horse botflies) }
{ Gasterophilus, genus_Gasterophilus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Gasterophilidae,#m (type genus of the Gasterophilidae: horse botflies) }
{ horse_botfly, Gasterophilus_intestinalis, botfly,@ genus_Gasterophilus,#m (parasitic chiefly on horses) }
{ Cuterebridae, family_Cuterebridae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (New World botflies) }
{ Cuterebra, genus_Cuterebra, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cuterebridae,#m (type genus of the Cuterebridae) }
{ Dermatobia, genus_Dermatobia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cuterebridae,#m (larvae live under the skin of domestic mammals and humans) }
{ human_botfly, Dermatobia_hominis, botfly,@ genus_Dermatobia,#m (large tropical American fly; parasitic on humans and other mammals) }
{ Oestridae, family_Oestridae, Hypodermatidae, family_Hypodermatidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (warble flies) }
{ Oestrus, genus_Oestrus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Oestridae,#m (type genus of the Oestridae: sheep botflies) }
{ sheep_botfly, sheep_gadfly, Oestrus_ovis, botfly,@ genus_Oestrus,#m (larvae are parasitic on sheep) }
{ Hypoderma, genus_Hypoderma, arthropod_genus,@ family_Oestridae,#m (in some classifications considered the type genus of the family Hypodermatidae: warble flies) }
{ warble_fly, gadfly,@ genus_Hypoderma,#m (hairy bee-like fly whose larvae produce lumpy abscesses (warbles) under the skin of cattle) }
{ warble, noun.state:animal_disease,@ (a lumpy abscess under the hide of domestic mammals caused by larvae of a botfly or warble fly) }
{ Tabanidae, family_Tabanidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (horseflies) }
{ horsefly, cleg, clegg, horse_fly, gadfly,@ family_Tabanidae,#m (large swift fly the female of which sucks blood of various animals) }

{ Bombyliidae, family_Bombyliidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (bee flies) }
{ bee_fly, fly,@ family_Bombyliidae,#m (hairy nectar-eating fly that resembles a bee; larvae are parasitic on larvae of bees and related insects) }

{ Asilidae, family_Asilidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (robber flies) }
{ robber_fly, bee_killer, dipterous_insect,@ family_Asilidae,#m (swift predatory fly having a strong body like a bee with the proboscis hardened for sucking juices of other insects captured on the wing) }

{ fruit_fly, pomace_fly, dipterous_insect,@ (any of numerous small insects whose larvae feed on fruits) }
{ Trypetidae, family_Trypetidae, Trephritidae, family_Trephritidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (fruit flies; some leaf miners) }
{ Rhagoletis, genus_Rhagoletis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Trypetidae,#m (a genus of Trypetidae) }
{ apple_maggot, railroad_worm, Rhagoletis_pomonella, fruit_fly,@ genus_Rhagoletis,#m (larvae bore into and feed on apples) }
{ Ceratitis, genus_Ceratitis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Trypetidae,#m (Mediterranean fruit flies) }
{ Mediterranean_fruit_fly, medfly, Ceratitis_capitata, fruit_fly,@ genus_Ceratitis,#m (small black-and-white fly that damages citrus and other fruits by implanting eggs that hatch inside the fruit) }
{ Drosophilidae, family_Drosophilidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (fruit flies) }
{ genus_Drosophila, arthropod_genus,@ family_Drosophilidae,#m (a genus of Drosophilidae) }
{ drosophila, Drosophila_melanogaster, fruit_fly,@ genus_Drosophila,#m (small fruit fly used by Thomas Hunt Morgan in studying basic mechanisms of inheritance) }
{ vinegar_fly, fruit_fly,@ genus_Drosophila,#m (flies whose larvae feed on pickles and imperfectly sealed preserves) }
{ Philophylla, genus_Philophylla, arthropod_genus,@ family_Trypetidae,#m (leaf miners) }

{ leaf_miner, leaf-miner, insect,@ (any of various small moths or dipterous flies whose larvae burrow into and feed on leaf tissue especially of the family Gracilariidae) }

{ Hippoboscidae, family_Hippoboscidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (winged or wingless dipterans: louse flies) }
{ louse_fly, hippoboscid, dipterous_insect,@ family_Hippoboscidae,#m (bloodsucking dipterous fly parasitic on birds and mammals) }
{ Hippobosca, genus_Hippobosca, arthropod_genus,@ family_Hippoboscidae,#m (type genus of the Hippoboscidae) }
{ horse_tick, horsefly2, Hippobosca_equina, louse_fly,@ genus_Hippobosca,#m (winged fly parasitic on horses) }
{ Melophagus, genus_Melophagus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Hippoboscidae,#m (an arthropod genus of wingless flies including the sheep ked) }
{ sheep_ked, sheep-tick1, sheep_tick1, Melophagus_Ovinus, louse_fly,@ genus_Melophagus,#m (wingless fly that is an external parasite on sheep and cattle) }

{ Haematobia, genus_Haematobia, arthropod_genus,@ order_Diptera,#m (European genus of bloodsucking flies) }
{ horn_fly, Haematobia_irritans, fly,@ genus_Haematobia,#m (small black European fly introduced into North America; sucks blood from cattle especially at the base of the horn) }

{ Nematocera, suborder_Nematocera, animal_order,@ order_Diptera,#m (mosquitoes; fungus gnats; crane flies; gnats; sand flies) }
{ Culicidae, family_Culicidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Nematocera,#m (mosquitoes) }
{ mosquito, dipterous_insect,@ family_Culicidae,#m (two-winged insect whose female has a long proboscis to pierce the skin and suck the blood of humans and animals) }
{ [ wiggler2, verb.motion:wiggle,+ ] wriggler, larva,@ family_Culicidae,#m (larva of a mosquito) }
{ gnat2, mosquito,@ ((British usage) mosquito) }
{ Aedes, genus_Aedes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Culicidae,#m (yellow-fever mosquitos) }
{ yellow-fever_mosquito, Aedes_aegypti, mosquito,@ genus_Aedes,#m (mosquito that transmits yellow fever and dengue) }
{ Asian_tiger_mosquito, Aedes_albopictus, mosquito,@ genus_Aedes,#m (striped native of Japan thriving in southwestern and midwestern United States and spreading to the Caribbean; potential carrier of serious diseases) }
{ Anopheles, genus_Anopheles, arthropod_genus,@ family_Culicidae,#m (malaria mosquitoes; distinguished by the adult's head-downward stance and absence of breathing tubes in the larvae) }
{ [ anopheline, adj.pert:anopheline,+ ] mosquito,@ genus_Anopheles,#m (any mosquito of the genus Anopheles) }
{ malarial_mosquito, malaria_mosquito, mosquito,@ genus_Anopheles,#m (transmits the malaria parasite) }
{ Culex, genus_Culex, arthropod_genus,@ family_Culicidae,#m (type genus of the Culicidae: widespread genus of mosquitoes distinguished by holding the body parallel to the resting surface) }
{ common_mosquito, Culex_pipiens, mosquito,@ genus_Culex,#m (common house mosquito) }
{ Culex_quinquefasciatus, Culex_fatigans, mosquito,@ genus_Culex,#m (widespread tropical mosquito that transmits filarial worms) }
{ gnat, dipterous_insect,@ (any of various small biting flies: midges; biting midges; black flies; sand flies) }
{ Ceratopogonidae, family_Ceratopogonidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Nematocera,#m (biting midges; sand flies) }
{ punkie, punky, punkey, no-see-um, biting_midge, gnat,@ family_Ceratopogonidae,#m (minute two-winged insect that sucks the blood of mammals and birds and other insects) }
{ Ceratopogon, genus_Ceratopogon, arthropod_genus,@ family_Ceratopogonidae,#m (type genus of the Ceratopogonidae) }
{ Chironomidae, family_Chironomidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Nematocera,#m (midges) }
{ midge, gnat,@ family_Chironomidae,#m (minute two-winged mosquito-like fly lacking biting mouthparts; appear in dancing swarms especially near water) }
{ Chironomus, genus_Chironomus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Chironomidae,#m (type genus of the Chironomidae) }

{ Mycetophilidae, family_Mycetophylidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Nematocera,#m (fungus gnats) }
{ fungus_gnat1, dipterous_insect,@ family_Mycetophylidae,#m (mosquito-like insect whose larvae feed on fungi or decaying vegetation) }

{ Psychodidae, family_Psychodidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Nematocera,#m (very small two-winged flies with hairy wings that develop in moss and damp vegetable matter: sand flies) }
{ psychodid, gnat,@ family_Psychodidae,#m (a fly of the family Psychodidae) }
{ Phlebotomus, genus_Phlebotomus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Psychodidae,#m (small bloodsucking sand flies that resemble moths) }
{ sand_fly, sandfly, Phlebotomus_papatasii, gnat,@ genus_Phlebotomus,#m (any of various small dipterous flies; bloodsucking females can transmit sandfly fever and leishmaniasis) }

{ Sciaridae, family_Sciaridae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Nematocera,#m (fungus gnats) }
{ genus_Sciara, arthropod_genus,@ family_Sciaridae,#m (type genus of the Sciaridae: fungus gnat) }
{ fungus_gnat2, sciara, sciarid, dipterous_insect,@ genus_Sciara,#m (minute blackish gregarious flies destructive to mushrooms and seedlings) }
{ armyworm3, fungus_gnat2,@ (larva of fungus gnat that feed on cereals and other grains; they march in large companies in regular order when the food is exhausted) }
{ Tipulidae, family_Tipulidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Nematocera,#m (crane flies) }
{ crane_fly, daddy_longlegs1, dipterous_insect,@ family_Tipulidae,#m (long-legged slender flies that resemble large mosquitoes but do not bite) }

{ Simuliidae, family_Simuliidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Diptera,#m (blackflies and sand flies) }
{ Simulium, genus_Simulium, arthropod_genus,@ family_Simuliidae,#m (type genus of the Simuliidae: blackflies) }
{ blackfly1, black_fly1, buffalo_gnat, gnat,@ genus_Simulium,#m (small blackish stout-bodied biting fly having aquatic larvae; sucks the blood of birds as well as humans and other mammals) }

{ [ Hymenoptera, adj.pert:hymenopterous,+ ] order_Hymenoptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (an order of insects including: bees; wasps; ants; ichneumons; sawflies; gall wasps; etc.) }
{ hymenopterous_insect, hymenopteran, hymenopteron, hymenopter, insect,@ order_Hymenoptera,#m (insects having two pairs of membranous wings and an ovipositor specialized for stinging or piercing) }

{ Apoidea, superfamily_Apoidea, arthropod_family,@ order_Hymenoptera,#m (bees) }
{ bee, hymenopterous_insect,@ superfamily_Apoidea,#m (any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species) }
{ drone, bee,@ (stingless male bee in a colony of social bees (especially honeybees) whose sole function is to mate with the queen) }
{ queen_bee, queen1,@ superfamily_Apoidea,#m (fertile egg-laying female bee) }
{ worker1, insect,@ (sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae) }
{ soldier, worker1,@ (a wingless sterile ant or termite having a large head and powerful jaws adapted for defending the colony) }
{ worker_bee, worker1,@ superfamily_Apoidea,#m (sterile bee specialized to collect food and maintain the hive) }
{ Apidae, family_Apidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Apoidea,#m (honeybees; carpenter bees; bumblebees) }
{ Apis, genus_Apis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Apidae,#m (type genus of the Apidae: honeybees) }
{ honeybee, Apis_mellifera, bee,@ genus_Apis,#m (social bee often domesticated for the honey it produces) }
{ Africanized_bee, Africanized_honey_bee, killer_bee, Apis_mellifera_scutellata, Apis_mellifera_adansonii, honeybee,@ (a strain of bees that originated in Brazil in the 1950s as a cross between an aggressive African bee and a honeybee; retains most of the traits of the African bee; now spread as far north as Texas) }
{ black_bee, German_bee, honeybee,@ (dark-colored ill-tempered honeybee supposedly of German origin) }
{ Carniolan_bee, honeybee,@ (greyish highly productive European honeybee that has a quiet disposition) }
{ Italian_bee, honeybee,@ (yellowish honeybee resembling the Carniolan bee in its habits) }
{ Xylocopa, genus_Xylocopa, arthropod_genus,@ family_Apidae,#m (carpenter bees) }
{ carpenter_bee, bee,@ genus_Xylocopa,#m (large solitary bee that lays eggs in tunnels bored into wood or plant stems) }
{ Bombus, genus_Bombus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Apidae,#m (bumblebees) }
{ bumblebee, humblebee, bee,@ genus_Bombus,#m (robust hairy social bee of temperate regions) }
{ Psithyrus, genus_Psithyrus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Apidae,#m (a large bee that resembles the bumblebee but lacks pollen-collecting apparatus and a worker caste) }
{ cuckoo-bumblebee, bee,@ genus_Psithyrus,#m (a bee that is parasitic in the nests of bumblebees) }
{ Andrenidae, family_Andrenidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Apoidea,#m (a large family of solitary short-tongued bees most of which burrow in the ground) }
{ genus_Andrena, arthropod_genus,@ family_Andrenidae,#m (a solitary burrowing short-tongued bee) }
{ andrena, andrenid, mining_bee, bee,@ genus_Andrena,#m (a bee that is a member of the genus Andrena) }
{ nomia, genus_Nomia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Halictidae,#m (a genus of bee; some are important pollinators of legumes) }
{ Halictidae, family_Halictidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Apoidea,#m (a family of small solitary bees; many are valuable pollinators for agriculture) }
{ Nomia_melanderi, alkali_bee, bee,@ genus_Nomia,#m (a common solitary bee important for pollinating alfalfa in the western United States) }
{ Megachilidae, family_Megachilidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Apoidea,#m (leaf-cutting and mason bees) }
{ Megachile, genus_Megachile, arthropod_genus,@ family_Megachilidae,#m (type genus of the Megachilidae: leaf-cutting bees) }
{ leaf-cutting_bee, leaf-cutter, leaf-cutter_bee, bee,@ genus_Megachile,#m (bee that cuts rounded pieces from leaves and flowers to line its nest) }
{ mason_bee, bee,@ family_Megachilidae,#m (any of numerous solitary bees that build nests of hardened mud and sand) }
{ Anthidium, genus_Anthidium, arthropod_genus,@ family_Megachilidae,#m (potter bees) }
{ potter_bee, bee,@ genus_Anthidium,#m (solitary bee that builds nests of mud or pebbles cemented together and attached to a plant) }

{ wasp, hymenopterous_insect,@ (social or solitary hymenopterans typically having a slender body with the abdomen attached by a narrow stalk and having a formidable sting) }
{ Vespidae, family_Vespidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Hymenoptera,#m (an arthropod family of the order Hymenoptera including: yellow jackets; hornets; mason wasps) }
{ vespid, vespid_wasp, wasp,@ family_Vespidae,#m (mostly social nest-building wasps) }
{ Vespa, genus_Vespa, arthropod_genus,@ family_Vespidae,#m (type genus of the Vespidae: various hornets and yellow jackets) }
{ paper_wasp, vespid_wasp,@ (any of several social wasps that construct nests of a substance like paper) }
{ hornet, vespid_wasp,@ (large stinging paper wasp) }
{ giant_hornet, Vespa_crabro, hornet,@ (European hornet introduced into the United States) }
{ Vespula, genus_Vespula, arthropod_genus,@ family_Vespidae,#m (sometimes considered a subgenus of Vespa: social wasps) }
{ common_wasp, Vespula_vulgaris, vespid_wasp,@ genus_Vespula,#m (a variety of vespid wasp) }
{ bald-faced_hornet, white-faced_hornet, Vespula_maculata, hornet,@ (North American hornet) }
{ yellow_jacket, yellow_hornet, Vespula_maculifrons, hornet,@ genus_Vespula,#m (small yellow-marked social wasp commonly nesting in the ground) }
{ Polistes, genus_Polistes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Vespidae,#m (a genus of Vespidae) }
{ Polistes_annularis, paper_wasp,@ genus_Polistes,#m (a variety of paper wasp) }
{ Eumenes, genus_Eumenes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Vespidae,#m (mason wasps) }
{ mason_wasp1, vespid_wasp,@ genus_Eumenes,#m (any of various solitary wasps that construct nests of hardened mud for their young) }
{ potter_wasp, vespid_wasp,@ genus_Eumenes,#m (any of various solitary wasps that construct vase-shaped cells of mud for their eggs) }
{ Mutillidae, family_Mutillidae, hymenopterous_insect,@ (a family of wasps) }
{ velvet_ant, wasp,@ Mutillidae,#m (a solitary wasp of the family Mutillidae; the body has a coat of brightly colored velvety hair and the females are wingless) }
{ Sphecoidea, superfamily_Sphecoidea, arthropod_family,@ order_Hymenoptera,#m (families Sphecidae and Stizidae) }
{ sphecoid_wasp, sphecoid, wasp,@ superfamily_Sphecoidea,#m (any of various solitary wasps) }
{ Sphecidae, family_Sphecidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Sphecoidea,#m (mud daubers; some digger wasps) }
{ Sceliphron, genus_Sceliphron, arthropod_genus,@ family_Sphecidae,#m (mud daubers) }
{ mason_wasp2, sphecoid_wasp,@ genus_Sceliphron,#m (solitary wasp that constructs nests of hardened mud or clay for the young) }
{ digger_wasp, sphecoid_wasp,@ (solitary wasp that digs nests in the soil and stocks them with paralyzed insects for the larvae) }
{ Stizidae, family_Stizidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Sphecoidea,#m (cicada killers) }
{ Sphecius, genus_Sphecius, arthropod_genus,@ family_Stizidae,#m (large solitary wasps: cicada killer) }
{ cicada_killer, Sphecius_speciosis, digger_wasp,@ genus_Sphecius,#m (large black or rust-colored wasp that preys on cicadas) }
{ mud_dauber, sphecoid_wasp,@ family_Sphecidae,#m (wasp that constructs mud cells on a solid base in which females place eggs laid in paralyzed insect larvae) }
{ Cynipidae, family_Cynipidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Hymenoptera,#m (a family of Hymenoptera) }
{ gall_wasp, gallfly2, cynipid_wasp, cynipid_gall_wasp, wasp,@ family_Cynipidae,#m (small solitary wasp that produces galls on oaks and other plants) }
{ Cynips, genus_Cynips, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cynipidae,#m (type genus of the Cynipidae: gall wasps) }
{ Amphibolips, genus_Amphibolips, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cynipidae,#m (cynipid gall wasps, especially causing oak-apple galls) }
{ Andricus, genus_Andricus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cynipidae,#m (cynipid gall wasps, chiefly affecting oaks) }

{ Chalcididae, family_Chalcididae, Chalcidae, family_Chalcidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Hymenoptera,#m (an arthropod family including: chalcidflies) }
{ chalcid_fly, chalcidfly, chalcid, chalcid_wasp, hymenopterous_insect,@ family_Chalcididae,#m (any of various tiny insects whose larvae are parasites on eggs and larvae of other insects; many are beneficial in destroying injurious insects) }
{ strawworm1, jointworm, larva,@ family_Chalcididae,#m (larva of chalcid flies injurious to the straw of wheat and other grains) }
{ Chalcis, genus_Chalcis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Chalcididae,#m (type genus of the Chalcididae) }
{ chalcis_fly, chalcid_fly,@ genus_Chalcis,#m (a variety of chalcid fly) }
{ Ichneumonidae, family_Ichneumonidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Hymenoptera,#m (ichneumon flies) }
{ ichneumon_fly, hymenopterous_insect,@ family_Ichneumonidae,#m (hymenopterous insect that resembles a wasp and whose larvae are parasitic on caterpillars and other insect larvae) }

{ Tenthredinidae, family_Tenthredinidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Hymenoptera,#m (sawflies) }
{ sawfly, hymenopterous_insect,@ family_Tenthredinidae,#m (insect whose female has a saw-like ovipositor for inserting eggs into the leaf or stem tissue of a host plant) }
{ Fenusa, genus-Fenusa, arthropod_genus,@ family_Tenthredinidae,#m (birch leaf miner) }
{ birch_leaf_miner, Fenusa_pusilla, sawfly,@ (small black sawfly native to Europe but established in eastern United States; larvae mine the leaves of birches causing serious defoliation) }

{ Formicidae, family_Formicidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Hymenoptera,#m (ants) }
{ ant, emmet, pismire, hymenopterous_insect,@ family_Formicidae,#m (social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers) }
{ Monomorium, genus_Monomorium, arthropod_genus,@ family_Formicidae,#m (a genus of Formicidae) }
{ pharaoh_ant, pharaoh's_ant, Monomorium_pharaonis, ant,@ genus_Monomorium,#m (small red ant of warm regions; a common household pest) }
{ little_black_ant, Monomorium_minimum, ant,@ genus_Monomorium,#m (tiny glossy black ant; nests outdoors but invades houses for food) }
{ Dorylinae, subfamily_Dorylinae, arthropod_family,@ family_Formicidae,#m (army ants) }
{ army_ant, driver_ant, legionary_ant, ant,@ subfamily_Dorylinae,#m (tropical nomadic ant that preys mainly on other insects) }
{ Camponotus, genus_Camponotus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Formicidae,#m (carpenter ants) }
{ carpenter_ant, ant,@ genus_Camponotus,#m (ant that nests in decaying wood in which it bores tunnels for depositing eggs) }
{ Solenopsis, genus_Solenopsis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Formicidae,#m (fire ants) }
{ fire_ant, ant,@ genus_Solenopsis,#m (omnivorous ant of tropical and subtropical America that can inflict a painful sting) }
{ Formica, genus_Formica, arthropod_genus,@ family_Formicidae,#m (type genus of the Formicidae) }
{ wood_ant, Formica_rufa, ant,@ genus_Formica,#m (reddish-brown European ant typically living in anthills in woodlands) }
{ slave_ant, ant,@ (any of various ants captured as larvae and enslaved by another species) }
{ Formica_fusca, slave_ant,@ genus_Formica,#m (an ant frequently enslaved) }
{ slave-making_ant, slave-maker, ant,@ (an ant that attacks colonies of other ant species and carries off the young to be reared as slave ants) }
{ sanguinary_ant, Formica_sanguinea, slave-making_ant,@ genus_Formica,#m (slave-making ant widely distributed over the northern hemisphere) }
{ Myrmecia, genus_Myrmecia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Formicidae,#m (bulldog ants) }
{ bulldog_ant, ant,@ genus_Myrmecia,#m (any of the large fierce Australian ants of the genus Myrmecia) }
{ Polyergus, genus_Polyergus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Formicidae,#m (Amazon ants) }
{ Amazon_ant, Polyergus_rufescens, slave-making_ant,@ genus_Polyergus,#m (small reddish slave-making ant species) }

{ Isoptera, order_Isoptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (order of social insects that live in colonies, including: termites; often placed in subclass Exopterygota) }
{ Termitidae, family_Termitidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Isoptera,#m (termites) }
{ Termes, genus_Termes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Termitidae,#m (type genus of the Termitidae) }
{ termite, white_ant, insect,@ order_Isoptera,#m (whitish soft-bodied ant-like social insect that feeds on wood) }
{ dry-wood_termite, termite,@ (any of various termites that live in and feed on dry wood that is not connected with the soil) }
{ Reticulitermes, genus_Reticulitermes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Termitidae,#m (includes species highly destructive to structures and living trees) }
{ Reticulitermes_flanipes, termite,@ genus_Reticulitermes,#m (destructive United States termite) }
{ Reticulitermes_lucifugus, termite,@ genus_Reticulitermes,#m (destructive European termite) }
{ Rhinotermitidae, family_Rhinotermitidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Isoptera,#m (large widely distributed family of termites of temperate to tropical regions) }
{ Mastotermitidae, family_Mastotermitidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Isoptera,#m (primitive termites) }
{ Mastotermes, genus_Mastotermes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Mastotermitidae,#m (primitive genus of termites; mostly extinct; sometimes considered the most primitive Isoptera) }
{ Mastotermes_darwiniensis, termite,@ genus_Mastotermes,#m (Australian termite; sole living species of Mastotermes; called a living fossil; apparent missing link between cockroaches and termites) }
{ Mastotermes_electromexicus, termite,@ genus_Mastotermes,#m (an extinct termite found in amber in southern Mexico) }
{ Mastotermes_electrodominicus, termite,@ genus_Mastotermes,#m (extinct termite found in amber in the Dominican Republic) }
{ Kalotermitidae, family_Kalotermitidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Isoptera,#m (primitive termites of warm regions) }
{ Kalotermes, genus_Kalotermes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Kalotermitidae,#m (type genus of Kalotermitidae; termites destructive of wood and living trees) }
{ Cryptotermes, genus_Cryptotermes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Kalotermitidae,#m (genus of dry wood termites; cosmopolitan in distribution; sometimes considered a subgenus of Kalotermes) }
{ powder-post_termite, Cryptotermes_brevis, dry-wood_termite,@ genus_Cryptotermes,#m (extremely destructive dry-wood termite of warm regions) }

{ Orthoptera, order_Orthoptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (grasshoppers and locusts; crickets) }
{ orthopterous_insect, orthopteron, orthopteran, insect,@ order_Orthoptera,#m (any of various insects having leathery forewings and membranous hind wings and chewing mouthparts) }

{ grasshopper, hopper, orthopterous_insect,@ (terrestrial plant-eating insect with hind legs adapted for leaping) }
{ Acrididae, family_Acrididae, Locustidae, family_Locustidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Orthoptera,#m (short-horned grasshoppers; true locusts) }

{ short-horned_grasshopper, acridid, grasshopper,@ family_Acrididae,#m (grasshopper with short antennae) }
{ locust, short-horned_grasshopper,@ (migratory grasshoppers of warm regions having short antennae) }
{ Locusta, genus_Locusta, arthropod_genus,@ family_Acrididae,#m (a genus of Acrididae) }
{ migratory_locust, Locusta_migratoria, locust,@ genus_Locusta,#m (Old World locust that travels in vast swarms stripping large areas of vegetation) }
{ Melanoplus, genus_Melanoplus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Acrididae,#m (New World migratory locusts and common American grasshoppers) }
{ migratory_grasshopper, locust,@ genus_Melanoplus,#m (serious pest of grain-growing and range areas of central and western United States) }

{ Tettigoniidae, family_Tettigoniidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Orthoptera,#m (long-horned grasshoppers; katydids) }
{ long-horned_grasshopper, tettigoniid, grasshopper,@ family_Tettigoniidae,#m (grasshoppers with long threadlike antennae and well-developed stridulating organs on the forewings of the male) }
{ Microcentrum, genus_Microcentrum, arthropod_genus,@ family_Tettigoniidae,#m (katydids) }
{ katydid, long-horned_grasshopper,@ genus_Microcentrum,#m (large green long-horned grasshopper of North America; males produce shrill sounds by rubbing together special organs on the forewings) }
{ Anabrus, genus_Anabrus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Tettigoniidae,#m (a genus of Tettigoniidae) }
{ mormon_cricket, Anabrus_simplex, katydid,@ genus_Anabrus,#m (large dark wingless cricket-like katydid of arid parts of western United States) }
{ Stenopelmatidae, family_Stenopelmatidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Orthoptera,#m (long-horned grasshoppers) }
{ Stenopelmatus, genus_Stenopelmatus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Stenopelmatidae,#m (sand crickets) }
{ sand_cricket, Jerusalem_cricket, Stenopelmatus_fuscus, long-horned_grasshopper,@ genus_Stenopelmatus,#m (large wingless nocturnal grasshopper that burrows in loose soil along the Pacific coast of the United States) }
{ Gryllidae, family_Gryllidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Orthoptera,#m (crickets) }
{ cricket, orthopterous_insect,@ family_Gryllidae,#m (leaping insect; male makes chirping noises by rubbing the forewings together) }
{ mole_cricket, cricket,@ (digs in moist soil and feeds on plant roots) }
{ Acheta, genus_Acheta, arthropod_genus,@ family_Gryllidae,#m (common house and field crickets) }
{ European_house_cricket, Acheta_domestica, cricket,@ genus_Acheta,#m (lives in human dwellings; naturalized in parts of America) }
{ field_cricket, Acheta_assimilis, cricket,@ genus_Acheta,#m (common American black cricket; attacks crops and also enters dwellings) }
{ Oecanthus, genus_Oecanthus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Gryllidae,#m (tree crickets) }
{ tree_cricket, cricket,@ genus_Oecanthus,#m (pale arboreal American cricket noted for loud stridulation) }
{ snowy_tree_cricket, Oecanthus_fultoni, tree_cricket,@ (pale yellowish tree cricket widely distributed in North America) }

{ Phasmida, order_Phasmida, Phasmatodea, order_Phasmatodea, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (in some classifications considered a suborder of Orthoptera: stick insects; leaf insects) }
{ phasmid, phasmid_insect, insect,@ order_Phasmida,#m (large cylindrical or flattened mostly tropical insects with long strong legs that feed on plants; walking sticks and leaf insects) }
{ Phasmidae, family_Phasmidae, Phasmatidae, family_Phasmatidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Phasmida,#m (stick insects) }
{ walking_stick, walkingstick, stick_insect, phasmid_insect,@ family_Phasmidae,#m (any of various mostly tropical insects having long twiglike bodies) }
{ genus_Diapheromera, arthropod_genus,@ family_Phasmidae,#m (a genus of Phasmidae) }
{ diapheromera, Diapheromera_femorata, walking_stick,@ genus_Diapheromera,#m (a variety of stick insect) }
{ Phyllidae, family_Phyllidae, Phillidae, family_Phillidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Phasmida,#m (leaf insects) }
{ Phyllium, genus_Phyllium, arthropod_genus,@ family_Phyllidae,#m (type genus of the Phyllidae) }
{ walking_leaf, leaf_insect, phasmid_insect,@ genus_Phyllium,#m (tropical insect having a flattened leaflike body; common in southern Asia and the East Indies) }

{ Exopterygota, subclass_Exopterygota, Hemimetabola, noun.group:class2,@ class_Insecta,#m (subclass of insects characterized by gradual and usually incomplete metamorphosis) }

{ Dictyoptera, order_Dictyoptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (in some classifications replaced by the orders (here suborders) Blattodea (cockroaches) and Manteodea (mantids); in former classifications often subsumed under a much broader order Orthoptera) }
{ dictyopterous_insect, insect,@ order_Dictyoptera,#m (cockroaches and mantids) }
{ Blattodea, suborder_Blattodea, Blattaria, suborder_Blattaria, animal_order,@ order_Dictyoptera,#m (cockroaches; in some classifications considered an order) }
{ cockroach, roach1, dictyopterous_insect,@ suborder_Blattodea,#m (any of numerous chiefly nocturnal insects; some are domestic pests) }
{ Blattidae, family_Blattidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Blattodea,#m (domestic cockroaches) }
{ Blatta, genus_Blatta, arthropod_genus,@ family_Blattidae,#m (type genus of the Blattidae: cockroaches infesting buildings worldwide) }
{ oriental_cockroach, oriental_roach, Asiatic_cockroach, blackbeetle, Blatta_orientalis, cockroach,@ genus_Blatta,#m (dark brown cockroach originally from orient now nearly cosmopolitan in distribution) }
{ Periplaneta, genus_Periplaneta, arthropod_genus,@ family_Blattidae,#m (cosmopolitan genus of large cockroaches) }
{ American_cockroach, Periplaneta_americana, cockroach,@ genus_Periplaneta,#m (large reddish brown free-flying cockroach originally from southern United States but now widely distributed) }
{ Australian_cockroach, Periplaneta_australasiae, cockroach,@ genus_Periplaneta,#m (widely distributed in warm countries) }
{ Blattella, genus_Blattella, arthropod_genus,@ family_Blattidae,#m (small cockroaches) }
{ German_cockroach, Croton_bug, crotonbug, water_bug2, Blattella_germanica, cockroach,@ genus_Blattella,#m (small light-brown cockroach brought to United States from Europe; a common household pest) }
{ Blaberus, genus_Blaberus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Blattidae,#m (giant cockroaches) }
{ giant_cockroach, cockroach,@ genus_Blaberus,#m (large tropical American cockroaches) }
{ Cryptocercidae, family_Cryptocercidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Blattodea,#m (a family of Blattodea) }
{ Cryptocercus, genus_Cryptocercus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cryptocercidae,#m (cockroaches) }
{ Manteodea, suborder_Manteodea, animal_order,@ order_Dictyoptera,#m (mantises; in former classifications considered a suborder of Orthoptera) }
{ Mantidae, family_Mantidae, Manteidae, family_Manteidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Manteodea,#m (mantises) }
{ genus_Mantis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Mantidae,#m (type genus of the Mantidae: mantises) }
{ mantis, mantid, dictyopterous_insect,@ genus_Mantis,#m (predacious long-bodied large-eyed insect of warm regions; rests with forelimbs raised as in prayer) }
{ praying_mantis, praying_mantid, Mantis_religioso, mantis,@ (the common mantis) }

{ [ bug2, adj.all:dirty1^buggy,+ ] insect,@ (general term for any insect or similar creeping or crawling invertebrate) }

{ Hemiptera, order_Hemiptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (plant bugs; bedbugs; some true bugs; also includes suborders Heteroptera (true bugs) and Homoptera (e.g., aphids, plant lice and cicadas)) }
{ hemipterous_insect, bug1, hemipteran, hemipteron, insect,@ order_Hemiptera,#m (insects with sucking mouthparts and forewings thickened and leathery at the base; usually show incomplete metamorphosis) }
{ Miridae, family_Miridae, Capsidae, family_Capsidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Hemiptera,#m (leaf bugs) }
{ leaf_bug, plant_bug, hemipterous_insect,@ (small bright-colored insect that feeds on plant juices) }
{ mirid_bug, mirid, capsid1, plant_bug,@ family_Miridae,#m (a variety of leaf bug) }
{ Poecilocapsus, genus_Poecilocapsus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Miridae,#m (a genus of Miridae) }
{ four-lined_plant_bug, four-lined_leaf_bug, Poecilocapsus_lineatus, mirid_bug,@ genus_Poecilocapsus,#m (yellow or orange leaf bug with four black stripes down the back; widespread in central and eastern North America) }
{ Lygus, genus_Lygus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Miridae,#m (plant-sucking bugs) }
{ lygus_bug, mirid_bug,@ genus_Lygus,#m (vector of viral plant diseases)}
{ tarnished_plant_bug, Lygus_lineolaris, lygus_bug,@ (widespread plant and fruit pest) }
{ Tingidae, family_Tingidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Hemiptera,#m (lace bugs) }
{ lace_bug, plant_bug,@ family_Tingidae,#m (small bug having body and wings covered with a lacy network of raised lines) }
{ Lygaeidae, family_Lygaeidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Hemiptera,#m (lygaeid bugs) }
{ lygaeid, lygaeid_bug, hemipterous_insect,@ family_Lygaeidae,#m (a true bug: usually bright-colored; pest of cultivated crops and some fruit trees) }
{ Blissus, genus_Blissus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lygaeidae,#m (chinch bugs) }
{ chinch_bug, Blissus_leucopterus, lygaeid_bug,@ genus_Blissus,#m (small black-and-white insect that feeds on cereal grasses) }
{ Coreidae, family_Coreidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Hemiptera,#m (squash bugs and leaf-footed bugs) }
{ coreid_bug, coreid, hemipterous_insect,@ family_Coreidae,#m (a true bug) }
{ Anasa, genus_Anasa, arthropod_genus,@ family_Coreidae,#m (squash bugs) }
{ squash_bug, Anasa_tristis, coreid_bug,@ genus_Anasa,#m (large black American bug that sucks sap of vines of the gourd family) }
{ Leptoglossus, genus_Leptoglossus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Coreidae,#m (leaf-footed bugs) }
{ leaf-footed_bug, leaf-foot_bug, coreid_bug,@ genus_Leptoglossus,#m (large sap-sucking bug with leaflike expansions on the legs) }
{ Cimicidae, family_Cimicidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Hemiptera,#m (wingless flat-bodied bloodsucking insects) }
{ Cimex, genus_Cimex, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cimicidae,#m (type genus of the Cimicidae: bedbugs) }
{ bedbug, bed_bug, chinch, Cimex_lectularius, hemipterous_insect,@ genus_Cimex,#m (bug of temperate regions that infests especially beds and feeds on human blood) }
{ Notonectidae, family_Notonectidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Hemiptera,#m (aquatic carnivorous insects) }
{ Notonecta, genus_Notonecta, arthropod_genus,@ family_Notonectidae,#m (type genus of the Notonectidae: backswimmers) }
{ backswimmer, Notonecta_undulata, hemipterous_insect,@ genus_Notonecta,#m (predaceous aquatic insect that swims on its back and may inflict painful bites) }

{ Heteroptera, suborder_Heteroptera, animal_order,@ order_Hemiptera,#m (true bugs) }
{ true_bug, hemipterous_insect,@ (any of various insects of the order Hemiptera and especially of the suborder Heteroptera) }
{ heteropterous_insect, insect,@ suborder_Heteroptera,#m (true bugs: insects whose forewings are membranous but have leathery tips) }
{ water_bug, heteropterous_insect,@ (a true bug: large aquatic bug adapted to living in or on the surface of water) }
{ Belostomatidae, family_Belostomatidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Heteroptera,#m (water bugs) }
{ giant_water_bug, water_bug,@ family_Belostomatidae,#m (large water bug with piercing and sucking mouthparts; feeds on young fishes) }
{ Nepidae, family_Nepidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Heteroptera,#m (water scorpions) }
{ water_scorpion, water_bug,@ family_Nepidae,#m (long-legged aquatic insect having the front legs fitted for seizing and holding prey and the abdomen extended by a long breathing tube) }
{ Nepa, genus_Nepa, arthropod_genus,@ family_Nepidae,#m (type genus of the Nepidae: typical elongate-oval water scorpions) }
{ Ranatra, genus_Ranatra, arthropod_genus,@ family_Nepidae,#m (elongate very slender water scorpions) }
{ Corixidae, family_Corixidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Heteroptera,#m (water bugs) }
{ Corixa, genus_Corixa, arthropod_genus,@ family_Corixidae,#m (type genus of the Corixidae: boat bugs) }
{ water_boatman, boat_bug1, water_bug,@ genus_Corixa,#m (carnivorous aquatic bug having paddle-like hind legs) }
{ Gerrididae, family_Gerrididae, Gerridae1, family_Gerridae1, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Heteroptera,#m (an arthropod family that includes water striders) }
{ water_strider, pond-skater, water_skater, water_bug,@ family_Gerrididae,#m (long-legged bug that skims about on the surface of water) }
{ Gerris, genus_Gerris, arthropod_genus,@ family_Gerrididae,#m (type genus of the Gerrididae) }
{ common_pond-skater, Gerris_lacustris, water_strider,@ genus_Gerris,#m (a variety of water strider) }
{ Reduviidae, family_Reduviidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Heteroptera,#m (assassin bugs) }
{ assassin_bug, reduviid, heteropterous_insect,@ family_Reduviidae,#m (a true bug: long-legged predacious bug living mostly on other insects; a few suck blood of mammals) }
{ Triatoma, genus_Triatoma, arthropod_genus,@ family_Reduviidae,#m (conenoses) }
{ conenose, cone-nosed_bug, conenose_bug, big_bedbug, kissing_bug, assassin_bug,@ genus_Triatoma,#m (large bloodsucking bug) }
{ Arilus, genus_Arilus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Reduviidae,#m (a genus of Reduviidae) }
{ wheel_bug, Arilus_cristatus, assassin_bug,@ genus_Arilus,#m (large predatory North American bug that sucks the blood of other insects) }
{ Pyrrhocoridae, family_Pyrrhocoridae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Heteroptera,#m (firebugs) }
{ firebug, heteropterous_insect,@ family_Pyrrhocoridae,#m (a true bug: brightly colored bug that can exude a stain) }
{ Dysdercus, genus_Dysdercus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pyrrhocoridae,#m (a genus of slender long-legged bugs that feed on the developing seeds of cotton and stain it) }
{ cotton_stainer, heteropterous_insect,@ genus_Dysdercus,#m (a true bug: bug that damages and stains the lint of developing cotton) }

{ Homoptera, suborder_Homoptera, animal_order,@ order_Hemiptera,#m (plant lice (aphids); whiteflies; cicadas; leafhoppers; plant hoppers; scale insects and mealybugs; spittle insects) }
{ homopterous_insect, homopteran, insect,@ suborder_Homoptera,#m (insects having membranous forewings and hind wings) }
{ Aleyrodidae, family_Aleyrodidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Homoptera,#m (whiteflies) }
{ Aleyrodes, genus_Aleyrodes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Aleyrodidae,#m (type genus of the Aleyrodidae) }
{ whitefly, homopterous_insect,@ family_Aleyrodidae,#m (minute insect that feeds on plant juices; related to scale insects) }
{ Dialeurodes, genus_Dialeurodes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Aleyrodidae,#m (a genus of Aleyrodidae) }
{ citrus_whitefly, Dialeurodes_citri, whitefly,@ genus_Aleyrodes,#m (whitefly that attacks citrus trees) }
{ Trialeurodes, genus_Trialeurodes, arthropod_genus,@ family_Aleyrodidae,#m (a genus of Aleyrodidae) }
{ greenhouse_whitefly, Trialeurodes_vaporariorum, whitefly,@ genus_Trialeurodes,#m (whitefly that inhabits greenhouses) }
{ Bemisia, genus_Bemisia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Aleyrodidae,#m (sweet-potato whitefly) }
{ sweet-potato_whitefly, whitefly,@ genus_Bemisia,#m (a variety of whitefly) }
{ superbug1, Bemisia_tabaci, poinsettia_strain, sweet-potato_whitefly,@ genus_Bemisia,#m (a strain of pest accidentally imported into Florida from the Middle East then spread to California where it is a very serious pest feeding on almost all vegetable crops and poinsettias) }
{ superbug, bacteria,@ (a strain of bacteria that is resistant to all antibiotics) }
{ cotton_strain, sweet-potato_whitefly,@ (feeds primarily on cotton) }
{ Coccoidea, superfamily_Coccoidea, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Homoptera,#m (scale insects and mealybugs) }
{ coccid_insect, homopterous_insect,@ superfamily_Coccoidea,#m (scale insects and mealybugs) }
{ scale_insect, coccid_insect,@ (small homopterous insect that usually lives and feeds on plants and secretes a protective waxy covering) }
{ Coccidae, family_Coccidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Coccoidea,#m (scale insects) }
{ soft_scale, scale_insect,@ family_Coccidae,#m (an insect active in all stages) }
{ genus_Coccus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Coccidae,#m (type genus of the Coccidae) }
{ brown_soft_scale, Coccus_hesperidum, soft_scale,@ genus_Coccus,#m (pest on citrus trees) }
{ wax_insect, scale_insect,@ (any of various insects that secrete a waxy substance) }
{ Diaspididae, family_Diaspididae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Coccoidea,#m (armored scales) }
{ armored_scale, scale_insect,@ family_Diaspididae,#m (insect having a firm covering of wax especially in the female) }
{ Aspidiotus, genus_Aspidiotus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Diaspididae,#m (a genus of Diaspididae) }
{ San_Jose_scale, Aspidiotus_perniciosus, armored_scale,@ genus_Aspidiotus,#m (small east Asian insect naturalized in the United States that damages fruit trees) }
{ Dactylopiidae, family_Dactylopiidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Coccoidea,#m (cochineal insects) }
{ Dactylopius, genus_Dactylopius, arthropod_genus,@ family_Dactylopiidae,#m (type genus of the Dactylopiidae) }
{ cochineal_insect, cochineal, Dactylopius_coccus, scale_insect,@ genus_Dactylopius,#m (Mexican red scale insect that feeds on cacti; the source of a red dye) }
{ Pseudococcidae, family_Pseudococcidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Coccoidea,#m (scalelike insects: mealybugs) }
{ Pseudococcus, genus_Pseudococcus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pseudococcidae,#m (type genus of the Pseudococcidae) }
{ mealybug, mealy_bug, coccid_insect,@ family_Pseudococcidae,#m (scalelike plant-eating insect coated with a powdery waxy secretion; destructive especially of fruit trees) }
{ citrophilous_mealybug, citrophilus_mealybug, Pseudococcus_fragilis, mealybug,@ genus_Pseudococcus,#m (destructive especially to citrus) }
{ Comstock_mealybug, Comstock's_mealybug, Pseudococcus_comstocki, mealybug,@ genus_Pseudococcus,#m (Asiatic insect introduced accidentally into United States; pest on citrus and apple trees) }
{ Planococcus, genus_Planococcus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pseudococcidae,#m (a genus of Pseudococcidae) }
{ citrus_mealybug, Planococcus_citri, mealybug,@ genus_Planococcus,#m (feeds on a wide variety of cultivated plants but especially destructive to citrus) }

{ plant_louse, [ louse2, adj.all:dirty1^lousy,+ ] homopterous_insect,@ (any of several small insects especially aphids that feed by sucking the juices from plants) }
{ Aphidoidea, superfamily_Aphidoidea, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Homoptera,#m (plant lice) }
{ aphid, plant_louse,@ superfamily_Aphidoidea,#m (any of various small plant-sucking insects) }
{ Aphididae, family_Aphididae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Aphidoidea,#m (small soft-bodied plant lice) }
{ Aphis, genus_Aphis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Aphididae,#m (type genus of the Aphididae: injurious to fruit trees and vegetables) }
{ apple_aphid, green_apple_aphid, Aphis_pomi, aphid,@ genus_Aphis,#m (bright green aphid; feeds on and causes curling of apple leaves) }
{ blackfly2, bean_aphid, Aphis_fabae, aphid,@ genus_Aphis,#m (blackish aphid that infests e.g. beans and sugar beets) }
{ greenfly, aphid,@ (greenish aphid; pest on garden and crop plants) }
{ green_peach_aphid, greenfly,@ (yellowish green aphid that is especially destructive to peaches) }
{ pale_chrysanthemum_aphid, greenfly,@ (important pest of chrysanthemums) }
{ ant_cow, aphid,@ (excretes a honeylike substance eaten by ants) }
{ Eriosoma, genus_Eriosoma, arthropod_genus,@ family_Aphididae,#m (woolly aphids) }
{ woolly_aphid, woolly_plant_louse, aphid,@ (secretes a waxy substance like a mass of fine curly white cotton or woolly threads) }
{ woolly_apple_aphid, American_blight, Eriosoma_lanigerum, woolly_aphid,@ genus_Eriosoma,#m (primarily a bark feeder on aerial parts and roots of apple and other trees) }
{ Prociphilus, genus_Prociphilus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Aphididae,#m (a genus of Aphididae) }
{ woolly_alder_aphid, Prociphilus_tessellatus, woolly_aphid,@ genus_Prociphilus,#m (attacks alders) }
{ Adelgidae, family_Adelgidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Aphidoidea,#m (plant lice) }
{ Adelges, genus_Adelges, arthropod_genus,@ family_Adelgidae,#m (type genus of the Adelgidae: plant lice) }
{ adelgid, plant_louse,@ family_Adelgidae,#m (any of various insects that feed and form galls on conifers) }
{ balsam_woolly_aphid, Adelges_piceae, adelgid,@ genus_Adelges,#m (a variety of adelgid) }
{ spruce_gall_aphid, Adelges_abietis, adelgid,@ genus_Adelges,#m (a variety of adelgid) }
{ Pineus, genus_Pineus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Adelgidae,#m (a genus of Adelgidae) }
{ pine_leaf_aphid, Pineus_pinifoliae, adelgid,@ genus_Pineus,#m (a variety of adelgid) }
{ woolly_adelgid, adelgid,@ (an insect that feeds on hemlocks; its egg sacs are small fuzzy white balls like artificial snow on a Christmas tree) }
{ Phylloxeridae, family_Phylloxeridae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Aphidoidea,#m (plant lice) }
{ Phylloxera, genus_Phylloxera, arthropod_genus,@ family_Phylloxeridae,#m (type genus of the Phylloxeridae: plant lice) }
{ grape_louse, grape_phylloxera, Phylloxera_vitifoleae, plant_louse,@ genus_Phylloxera,#m (destructive to various grape plants) }
{ Psyllidae, family_Psyllidae, Chermidae, family_Chermidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Homoptera,#m (jumping plant lice) }
{ jumping_plant_louse, psylla, psyllid, plant_louse,@ family_Psyllidae,#m (small active cicada-like insect with hind legs adapted for leaping; feeds on plant juices) }
{ Cicadidae, family_Cicadidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Homoptera,#m (cicadas) }
{ genus_Cicada, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cicadidae,#m (type genus of the Cicadidae: cicadas) }
{ cicada, cicala, homopterous_insect,@ family_Cicadidae,#m (stout-bodied insect with large membranous wings; male has drum-like organs for producing a high-pitched drone) }
{ Tibicen, genus_Tibicen, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cicadidae,#m (harvest flies) }
{ dog-day_cicada, harvest_fly, cicada,@ genus_Tibicen,#m (its distinctive song is heard during July and August) }
{ Magicicada, genus_Magicicada, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cicadidae,#m (seventeen-year locust) }
{ seventeen-year_locust, periodical_cicada, Magicicada_septendecim, cicada,@ genus_Magicicada,#m (North American cicada; appears in great numbers at infrequent intervals because the nymphs take 13 to 17 years to mature) }
{ Cercopidae, family_Cercopidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Homoptera,#m (froghoppers or spittlebugs) }
{ spittle_insect, spittlebug, homopterous_insect,@ family_Cercopidae,#m (small leaping herbivorous insect that lives in a mass of protective froth which it and its larvae secrete) }
{ froghopper, spittle_insect,@ (a variety of spittlebug) }
{ Philaenus, genus_Philaenus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cercopidae,#m (a genus of Cercopidae) }
{ meadow_spittlebug, Philaenus_spumarius, spittle_insect,@ genus_Philaenus,#m (North American insect that severely damages grasses) }
{ Aphrophora, genus_Aphrophora, arthropod_genus,@ family_Cercopidae,#m (a genus of Cercopidae) }
{ pine_spittlebug, spittle_insect,@ genus_Aphrophora,#m (North American insect that attacks pines) }
{ Saratoga_spittlebug, Aphrophora_saratogensis, spittle_insect,@ genus_Aphrophora,#m (feeds on pines in northern United States) }
{ Cicadellidae, family_Cicadellidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Homoptera,#m (leafhoppers) }
{ Jassidae, family_Jassidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Homoptera,#m (family of small leafhoppers coextensive with the Cicadellidae and not distinguished from it in some classifications) }
{ jassid, leafhopper,@ (a variety of leafhopper) }
{ leafhopper, homopterous_insect,@ family_Cicadellidae,#m family_Jassidae,#m (small leaping insect that sucks the juices of plants) }
{ plant_hopper, planthopper, homopterous_insect,@ (related to the leafhoppers and spittlebugs but rarely damages cultivated plants) }
{ Membracidae, family_Membracidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Homoptera,#m (plant hoppers: treehoppers) }
{ treehopper, plant_hopper,@ family_Membracidae,#m (small leaping insect that sucks juices of branches and twigs) }
{ Fulgoridae, family_Fulgoridae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Homoptera,#m (plant hoppers: lantern flies) }
{ lantern_fly, lantern-fly, plant_hopper,@ family_Fulgoridae,#m (large brightly marked tropical insect with a process like a snout that was formerly thought to emit light) }

{ Psocoptera, order_Psocoptera, Corrodentia, order_Corrodentia, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (an order of insects: includes booklice and bark-lice) }
{ psocopterous_insect, insect,@ order_Psocoptera,#m (small soft-bodied insect with chewing mouthparts and either no wings or two pairs) }
{ Psocidae, family_Psocidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Psocoptera,#m (a family of small soft-bodied insects that feed on decaying vegetation; related to booklice) }
{ psocid, psocopterous_insect,@ family_Psocidae,#m (small winged insect living on the bark and leaves of trees and feeding on e.g. fungi and decaying plant matter) }
{ bark-louse, bark_louse, psocid,@ (any of several insects living on the bark of plants) }
{ Atropidae, family_Atropidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Psocoptera,#m (booklice) }
{ Liposcelis, genus_Liposcelis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Psocidae,#m (a genus of Psocidae) }
{ booklouse, book_louse, deathwatch2, Liposcelis_divinatorius, psocopterous_insect,@ genus_Liposcelis,#m (minute wingless psocopterous insects injurious to books and papers) }
{ Trogium, genus_Trogium, arthropod_genus,@ family_Psocidae,#m (a genus of Psocidae) }
{ common_booklouse, Trogium_pulsatorium, booklouse,@ genus_Trogium,#m (a variety of booklouse) }

{ Ephemeroptera, order_Ephemeroptera, Ephemerida, order_Ephemerida, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (mayflies) }
{ Plectophera, ephemerid,@ (in some former classifications: name for the Ephemeroptera) }
{ ephemerid, ephemeropteran, insect,@ order_Ephemeroptera,#m (short-lived insect) }
{ Ephemeridae, family_Ephemeridae, arthropod_family,@ order_Ephemeroptera,#m (mayflies) }
{ mayfly, dayfly, shadfly, ephemerid,@ family_Ephemeridae,#m (slender insect with delicate membranous wings having an aquatic larval stage and terrestrial adult stage usually lasting less than two days) }
{ Plecoptera, order_Plecoptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (stoneflies) }
{ stonefly, stone_fly, plecopteran, insect,@ order_Plecoptera,#m (primitive winged insect with a flattened body; used as bait by fishermen; aquatic gilled larvae are carnivorous and live beneath stones) }

{ Neuroptera, order_Neuroptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (an order of insects including: lacewings; antlions; dobsonflies; alderflies; fish flies; mantispids; spongeflies) }
{ neuropteron, neuropteran, neuropterous_insect, insect,@ order_Neuroptera,#m (insect having biting mouthparts and four large membranous wings with netlike veins) }
{ Myrmeleontidae, family_Myrmeleontidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Neuroptera,#m (antlions) }
{ Myrmeleon, genus_Myrmeleon, arthropod_genus,@ family_Myrmeleontidae,#m (type genus of the Myrmeleontidae: antlions) }
{ ant_lion, antlion, antlion_fly, neuropterous_insect,@ genus_Myrmeleon,#m (winged insect resembling a dragonfly; the larvae (doodlebugs) dig conical pits where they wait to catch e.g. ants) }
{ doodlebug, ant_lion1, antlion1, larva,@ genus_Myrmeleon,#m (the larva of any of several insects) }
{ lacewing, lacewing_fly, neuropterous_insect,@ (any of two families of insects with gauzy wings (Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae); larvae feed on insect pests such as aphids) }
{ aphid_lion, aphis_lion, larva,@ family_Chrysopidae,#m family_Hemerobiidae,#m (carnivorous larva of lacewing flies) }
{ Chrysopidae, family_Chrysopidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Neuroptera,#m (green lacewings) }
{ green_lacewing, chrysopid, stink_fly, lacewing,@ family_Chrysopidae,#m (pale green unpleasant-smelling lacewing fly having carnivorous larvae) }
{ goldeneye2, golden-eyed_fly, green_lacewing,@ (a variety of green lacewing) }
{ Hemerobiidae, family_Hemerobiidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Neuroptera,#m (brown lacewings) }
{ brown_lacewing, hemerobiid, hemerobiid_fly, lacewing,@ family_Hemerobiidae,#m (small dark-colored lacewing fly) }
{ Megaloptera, suborder_Megaloptera, animal_order,@ order_Neuroptera,#m (in some classifications considered a separate order: alderflies; dobsonflies; snake flies) }
{ Corydalidae, family_Corydalidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Megaloptera,#m (dobsons) }
{ Corydalus, genus_Corydalus, Corydalis, genus_Corydalis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Corydalidae,#m (type genus of the Corydalidae) }
{ dobson1, dobsonfly, dobson_fly, Corydalus_cornutus, neuropterous_insect,@ genus_Corydalis,#m (large soft-bodied insect having long slender mandibles in the male; aquatic larvae often used as bait) }
{ hellgrammiate, dobson2, larva,@ genus_Corydalus,#m (large brown aquatic larva of the dobsonfly; used as fishing bait) }
{ fish_fly, fish-fly, neuropterous_insect,@ family_Corydalidae,#m (similar to but smaller than the dobsonfly; larvae are used as fishing bait) }
{ Sialidae, family_Sialidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Megaloptera,#m (an arthropod family including: alderflies) }
{ Sialis, genus_Sialis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Sialidae,#m (type genus of the Sialidae) }
{ alderfly, alder_fly, Sialis_lutaria, neuropterous_insect,@ genus_Sialis,#m (dark-colored insect having predaceous aquatic larvae) }
{ Raphidiidae, family_Raphidiidae, arthropod_family,@ suborder_Megaloptera,#m (a family of arthropods of the suborder Megaloptera, including snakeflies) }
{ snakefly, neuropterous_insect,@ family_Raphidiidae,#m (predatory insect of western North America having a long necklike prothorax) }
{ Mantispidae, family_Mantispidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Neuroptera,#m (mantispids) }
{ mantispid, neuropterous_insect,@ family_Mantispidae,#m (insect that resembles a mantis; larvae are parasites in the nests of spiders and wasps) }
{ Sisyridae, family_Sisyridae, arthropod_family,@ order_Neuroptera,#m (an arthropod family of the order Neuroptera that includes spongeflies) }
{ spongefly, spongillafly, neuropterous_insect,@ family_Sisyridae,#m (hairy-bodied insect whose larvae feed on freshwater sponges) }

{ Odonata, order_Odonata, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (dragonflies and damselflies) }
{ odonate, insect,@ order_Odonata,#m (large primitive predatory aquatic insect having two pairs of membranous wings) }
{ Anisoptera, suborder_Anisoptera, animal_order,@ order_Odonata,#m (dragonflies) }
{ dragonfly, darning_needle, devil's_darning_needle, sewing_needle, snake_feeder, snake_doctor, mosquito_hawk, skeeter_hawk, odonate,@ (slender-bodied non-stinging insect having iridescent wings that are outspread at rest; adults and nymphs feed on mosquitoes etc.) }
{ Zygoptera, suborder_Zygoptera, animal_order,@ order_Odonata,#m (damselflies) }
{ damselfly, odonate,@ (slender non-stinging insect similar to but smaller than the dragonfly but having wings folded when at rest) }

{ Trichoptera, order_Trichoptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (an order of insects consisting of caddis flies) }
{ trichopterous_insect, trichopteran, trichopteron, insect,@ order_Trichoptera,#m (caddis fly) }
{ caddis_fly, caddis-fly, caddice_fly, caddice-fly, trichopterous_insect,@ (small moth-like insect having two pairs of hairy membranous wings and aquatic larvae) }
{ caseworm, larva,@ (insect larva that constructs a protective case around its body) }
{ caddisworm, strawworm2, caseworm,@ order_Trichoptera,#m (larva of the caddis fly; constructs a case of silk covered with sand or plant debris) }

{ Thysanura, order_Thysanura, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (firebrats; silverfish; machilids) }
{ thysanuran_insect, thysanuron, insect,@ order_Thysanura,#m (primitive wingless insects: bristletail) }
{ bristletail, thysanuran_insect,@ (small wingless insect with a long bristlelike tail) }
{ Lepismatidae, family_Lepismatidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Thysanura,#m (firebrats) }
{ Lepisma, genus_Lepisma, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lepismatidae,#m (type genus of the Lepismatidae: silverfish) }
{ silverfish2, Lepisma_saccharina, thysanuran_insect,@ genus_Lepisma,#m (silver-grey wingless insect found in houses feeding on book bindings and starched clothing) }
{ Thermobia, genus_Thermobia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lepismatidae,#m (a genus of Lepismatidae) }
{ firebrat, Thermobia_domestica, bristletail,@ genus_Thermobia,#m (lives in warm moist areas e.g. around furnaces) }
{ Machilidae, family_Machilidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Thysanura,#m (jumping bristletails) }
{ jumping_bristletail, machilid, thysanuran_insect,@ family_Machilidae,#m (wingless insect living in dark moist places as under dead tree trunks; they make erratic leaps when disturbed) }

{ Thysanoptera, order_Thysanoptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (thrips) }
{ thysanopter, thysanopteron, thysanopterous_insect, insect,@ order_Thysanoptera,#m (an insect of the order Thysanoptera) }
{ Thripidae, family_Thripidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Thysanoptera,#m (thrips) }
{ thrips, thrip, thripid, thysanopterous_insect,@ family_Thripidae,#m (any of various small to minute sucking insects with narrow feathery wings if any; they feed on plant sap and many are destructive) }
{ Frankliniella, genus_Frankliniella, arthropod_genus,@ family_Thripidae,#m (tobacco thrips) }
{ tobacco_thrips, Frankliniella_fusca, thrips,@ genus_Frankliniella,#m (injurious to growing tobacco and peanuts) }
{ genus_Thrips, arthropod_genus,@ family_Thripidae,#m (type genus of the Thripidae) }
{ onion_thrips, onion_louse, Thrips_tobaci, thrips,@ genus_Thrips,#m (injurious to onion plants and sometimes tobacco) }
{ Dermaptera, order_Dermaptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (earwigs and a few related forms) }
{ earwig, insect,@ order_Dermaptera,#m (any of numerous insects of the order Dermaptera having elongate bodies and slender many-jointed antennae and a pair of large pincers at the rear of the abdomen) }
{ Forficulidae, family_Forficulidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Dermaptera,#m (typical earwigs) }
{ Forficula, genus_Forficula, arthropod_genus,@ family_Forficulidae,#m (type genus of Forficulidae) }
{ common_European_earwig, Forficula_auricularia, earwig,@ genus_Forficula,#m (sometimes destructive to cultivated bulbs) }

{ Lepidoptera, order_Lepidoptera, animal_order,@ class_Insecta,#m (moths and butterflies) }
{ lepidopterous_insect, lepidopteron, lepidopteran, insect,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (insect that in the adult state has four wings more or less covered with tiny scales) }

{ butterfly, lepidopterous_insect,@ (diurnal insect typically having a slender body with knobbed antennae and broad colorful wings) }
{ Nymphalidae, family_Nymphalidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (large beautifully colored butterflies) }
{ nymphalid, nymphalid_butterfly, brush-footed_butterfly, four-footed_butterfly, butterfly,@ family_Nymphalidae,#m (medium to large butterflies found worldwide typically having brightly colored wings and much-reduced nonfunctional forelegs carried folded on the breast) }
{ Nymphalis, genus_Nymphalis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Nymphalidae,#m (type genus of the Nymphalidae: mourning cloak butterflies) }
{ mourning_cloak, mourning_cloak_butterfly, Camberwell_beauty, Nymphalis_antiopa, nymphalid_butterfly,@ genus_Nymphalis,#m (of temperate regions; having dark purple wings with yellow borders) }
{ tortoiseshell2, tortoiseshell_butterfly, nymphalid_butterfly,@ genus_Nymphalis,#m (brilliantly colored; larvae feed on nettles) }
{ Vanessa, genus_Vanessa, arthropod_genus,@ family_Nymphalidae,#m (painted beauty and red admiral) }
{ painted_beauty, Vanessa_virginiensis, nymphalid_butterfly,@ genus_Vanessa,#m (American butterfly having dark brown wings with white and golden orange spots) }
{ admiral, nymphalid_butterfly,@ (any of several brightly colored butterflies) }
{ red_admiral, Vanessa_atalanta, nymphalid_butterfly,@ genus_Vanessa,#m (of temperate Europe and Asia; having black wings with red and white markings) }
{ Limenitis, genus_Limenitis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Nymphalidae,#m (mainly dark northern butterflies with white wing bars) }
{ white_admiral1, Limenitis_camilla, nymphalid_butterfly,@ genus_Limenitis,#m (Eurasian butterfly with brown wings and white markings) }
{ banded_purple, white_admiral2, Limenitis_arthemis, nymphalid_butterfly,@ genus_Limenitis,#m (North American butterfly with blue-black wings crossed by a broad white band) }
{ red-spotted_purple, Limenitis_astyanax, nymphalid_butterfly,@ genus_Limenitis,#m (similar to the banded purple but with red spots on underwing surfaces) }
{ viceroy, Limenitis_archippus, nymphalid_butterfly,@ genus_Limenitis,#m (showy American butterfly resembling the monarch but smaller) }
{ anglewing, nymphalid_butterfly,@ (nymphalid butterfly having angular notches on the outer edges of the forewings) }
{ Satyridae, family_Satyridae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (a widely distributed family of butterflies common near the edges of woods) }
{ ringlet, ringlet_butterfly, butterfly,@ family_Satyridae,#m (any of various butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae) }
{ Polygonia, genus_Polygonia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Nymphalidae,#m (comma butterflies) }
{ comma, comma_butterfly, Polygonia_comma, nymphalid_butterfly,@ genus_Polygonia,#m (anglewing butterfly with a comma-shaped mark on the underside of each hind wing) }
{ fritillary, nymphalid_butterfly,@ (butterfly with brownish wings marked with black and silver) }
{ Spyeria, genus_Spyeria, arthropod_genus,@ family_Nymphalidae,#m (fritillaries) }
{ silverspot, fritillary,@ genus_Spyeria,#m (butterfly with silver spots on the underside of the hind wings) }
{ Argynnis, genus_Argynnis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Nymphalidae,#m (fritillaries) }
{ Apatura, genus_Apatura, arthropod_genus,@ family_Nymphalidae,#m (large Old World butterflies) }
{ emperor_butterfly, emperor1, nymphalid_butterfly,@ genus_Apatura,#m (large richly colored butterfly) }
{ purple_emperor, Apatura_iris, emperor_butterfly,@ (large European butterfly the male of which has wings shaded with purple) }
{ Inachis, genus_Inachis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Nymphalidae,#m (a genus of Nymphalidae) }
{ peacock2, peacock_butterfly, Inachis_io, nymphalid_butterfly,@ genus_Inachis,#m (European butterfly having reddish-brown wings each marked with a purple eyespot) }
{ Danaidae, family_Danaidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (small family of usually tropical butterflies: monarch butterflies) }
{ danaid, danaid_butterfly, butterfly,@ family_Danaidae,#m (large tropical butterfly with degenerate forelegs and an unpleasant taste) }
{ Danaus, genus_Danaus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Danaidae,#m (type genus of the Danaidae: monarch butterflies) }
{ monarch, monarch_butterfly, milkweed_butterfly, Danaus_plexippus, danaid_butterfly,@ genus_Danaus,#m (large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed) }
{ Pieridae, family_Pieridae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (arthropod family including cabbage butterflies; sulphur butterflies) }
{ pierid, pierid_butterfly, butterfly,@ family_Pieridae,#m (any of numerous pale-colored butterflies having three pairs of well-developed legs) }
{ cabbage_butterfly, pierid_butterfly,@ family_Pieridae,#m (white butterfly whose larvae (cabbageworms) feed on cabbage) }
{ Pieris, genus_Pieris, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pieridae,#m (type genus of the Pieridae) }
{ small_white, Pieris_rapae1, cabbage_butterfly,@ genus_Pieris,#m (small widely distributed form) }
{ large_white, Pieris_brassicae, cabbage_butterfly,@ genus_Pieris,#m (Old World form of cabbage butterfly) }
{ southern_cabbage_butterfly, Pieris_protodice, cabbage_butterfly,@ (common North American form of cabbage butterfly) }
{ sulphur_butterfly, sulfur_butterfly, butterfly,@ family_Pieridae,#m (any of numerous yellow or orange butterflies) }
{ Lycaenidae, family_Lycaenidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (family of small usually brilliantly colored butterflies; males have short forelegs) }
{ lycaenid, lycaenid_butterfly, butterfly,@ family_Lycaenidae,#m (any of various butterflies of the family Lycaenidae) }
{ Lycaena, genus_Lycaena, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lycaenidae,#m (type genus of the Lycaenidae; small slender butterflies with upper surface of wings usually metallic blue or green or copper) }
{ blue, lycaenid_butterfly,@ genus_Lycaena,#m (any of numerous small butterflies of the family Lycaenidae) }
{ copper, lycaenid_butterfly,@ genus_Lycaena,#m (any of various small butterflies of the family Lycaenidae having coppery wings) }
{ American_copper, Lycaena_hypophlaeas, copper,@ genus_Lycaena,#m (common copper butterfly of central and eastern North America) }
{ Strymon, genus_Strymon, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lycaenidae,#m (large and widely distributed genus of hairstreak butterflies) }
{ hairstreak, hairstreak_butterfly, lycaenid_butterfly,@ genus_Strymon,#m (small butterflies having striped markings under the wings) }
{ Strymon_melinus, hairstreak_butterfly,@ genus_Strymon,#m (larvae are pests of various economic plants) }

{ [ moth, adj.all:troubled^mothy,+ ] lepidopterous_insect,@ (typically crepuscular or nocturnal insect having a stout body and feathery or hairlike antennae) }
{ moth_miller, miller, moth,@ (any of various moths that have powdery wings) }
{ Tortricidae, family_Tortricidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (leaf rollers and codling moths) }
{ tortricid, tortricid_moth, moth,@ family_Tortricidae,#m (any of numerous small moths having lightly fringed wings; larvae are leaf rollers or live in fruits and galls) }
{ leaf_roller, leaf-roller, tortricid_moth,@ (moth whose larvae form nests by rolling and tying leaves with spun silk) }
{ genus_Tortrix, arthropod_genus,@ family_Tortricidae,#m (type genus of the Tortricidae) }
{ Homona, genus_Homona, arthropod_genus,@ family_Tortricidae,#m (tea tortrix) }
{ tea_tortrix, tortrix1, Homona_coffearia, tortricid_moth,@ genus_Tortrix,#m (small Indian moth infesting e.g. tea and coffee plants) }
{ Argyrotaenia, genus_Argyrotaenia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Tortricidae,#m (orange tortrix) }
{ orange_tortrix, tortrix2, Argyrotaenia_citrana, tortricid_moth,@ genus_Tortrix,#m (California moth whose larvae live in especially oranges) }
{ Carpocapsa, genus_Carpocapsa, arthropod_genus,@ family_Tortricidae,#m (codling moths) }
{ codling_moth, codlin_moth, Carpocapsa_pomonella, tortricid_moth,@ genus_Carpocapsa,#m (a small grey moth whose larvae live in apples and English walnuts) }

{ Lymantriidae, family_Lymantriidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (tussock moths) }
{ lymantriid, tussock_moth, moth,@ family_Lymantriidae,#m (dull-colored moth whose larvae have tufts of hair on the body and feed on the leaves of many deciduous trees) }
{ tussock_caterpillar, caterpillar,@ family_Lymantriidae,#m (larva of a tussock moth) }
{ Lymantria, genus_Lymantria, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lymantriidae,#m (type genus of the Lymantriidae; a pest (Lymantria means `destroyer')) }
{ gypsy_moth, gipsy_moth, Lymantria_dispar, tussock_moth,@ genus_Lymantria,#m (European moth introduced into North America; a serious pest of shade trees) }
{ Euproctis, genus_Euproctis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lymantriidae,#m (a genus of Lymantriidae) }
{ browntail, brown-tail_moth, Euproctis_phaeorrhoea, tussock_moth,@ genus_Euproctis,#m (small brown and white European moth introduced into eastern United States; pest of various shade and fruit trees) }
{ gold-tail_moth, Euproctis_chrysorrhoea, tussock_moth,@ genus_Euproctis,#m (white furry-bodied European moth with a yellow tail tuft) }

{ Geometridae, family_Geometridae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (measuring worms) }
{ geometrid, geometrid_moth, moth,@ family_Geometridae,#m (slender-bodied broad-winged moth whose larvae are called measuring worms) }
{ Paleacrita, genus_Paleacrita, arthropod_genus,@ family_Geometridae,#m (geometrid moths) }
{ Paleacrita_vernata, geometrid_moth,@ genus_Paleacrita,#m (moth whose larvae are spring cankerworms) }
{ Alsophila, genus_Alsophila, arthropod_genus,@ family_Geometridae,#m (geometrid moths) }
{ Alsophila_pometaria, geometrid_moth,@ genus_Alsophila,#m (North American moth with grey-winged males and wingless females; larvae are fall cankerworms) }
{ cankerworm, caterpillar,@ family_Geometridae,#m (green caterpillar of a geometrid moth; pest of various fruit and shade trees) }
{ spring_cankerworm2, cankerworm,@ genus_Paleacrita,#m (variably colored looper; larva of Paleacrita vernata) }
{ fall_cankerworm2, cankerworm,@ genus_Alsophila,#m (green or brown white-striped looper; larva of Alsophila pometaria) }
{ measuring_worm, inchworm, looper, caterpillar,@ (small hairless caterpillar having legs on only its front and rear segments; mostly larvae of moths of the family Geometridae) }

{ Pyralidae, family_Pyralidae, Pyralididae, family_Pyralididae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (bee moths; corn borers; flour moths) }
{ pyralid, pyralid_moth, moth,@ family_Pyralidae,#m (usually tropical slender-bodied long-legged moth whose larvae are crop pests) }
{ Pyralis, genus_Pyralis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pyralidae,#m (type genus of the Pyralidae) }
{ Galleria, genus_Galleria, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pyralidae,#m (a genus of Pyralidae) }
{ bee_moth, wax_moth, Galleria_mellonella, pyralid_moth,@ genus_Galleria,#m (moth whose larvae live in and feed on bee honeycombs) }
{ Pyrausta, genus_Pyrausta, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pyralidae,#m (moths whose larvae are corn borers) }
{ corn_borer1, European_corn_borer_moth, corn_borer_moth, Pyrausta_nubilalis1, pyralid_moth,@ genus_Pyrausta,#m (native to Europe; in America the larvae bore into the stem and crown of corn and other plants) }
{ Anagasta, genus_Anagasta, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pyralidae,#m (moth whose larvae are flour moths) }
{ Mediterranean_flour_moth, Anagasta_kuehniella, pyralid_moth,@ genus_Anagasta,#m (small moth whose larvae damage stored grain and flour) }
{ Ephestia, genus_Ephestia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pyralidae,#m (small moths whose larvae spin silken tunnels and feed on stored food products) }
{ tobacco_moth, cacao_moth, Ephestia_elutella, pyralid_moth,@ genus_Ephestia,#m (small moth whose larvae feed on tobacco and other dried plant products) }
{ Cadra, genus_Cadra, arthropod_genus,@ family_Pyralidae,#m (a genus of Pyralidae) }
{ almond_moth, fig_moth, Cadra_cautella, pyralid_moth,@ genus_Cadra,#m (a moth whose larvae feed on and mat together with webbing various stored products of vegetable origin) }
{ raisin_moth, Cadra_figulilella, pyralid_moth,@ genus_Cadra,#m (moth whose larvae attack dried fruits and cereal products) }

{ Tineoidea, superfamily_Tineoidea, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (clothes moths; carpet moths; leaf miners) }
{ tineoid, tineoid_moth, moth,@ superfamily_Tineoidea,#m (small dull-colored moth with chewing mouthparts) }
{ Tineidae, family_Tineidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Tineoidea,#m (clothes moths) }
{ tineid, tineid_moth, tineoid_moth,@ family_Tineidae,#m (small yellowish moths whose larvae feed on wool or fur) }
{ clothes_moth, tineid_moth,@ (any of several small yellowish or buff-colored moths whose larvae eat organic matter e.g. woolens) }
{ Tinea, genus_Tinea, arthropod_genus,@ family_Tineidae,#m (type genus of the Tineidae: clothes moths) }
{ casemaking_clothes_moth, Tinea_pellionella, clothes_moth,@ genus_Tinea,#m (the larvae live in tubes of its food material fastened with silk that it spins) }
{ Tineola, genus_Tineola, arthropod_genus,@ family_Tineidae,#m (webbing clothes moths) }
{ webbing_clothes_moth, webbing_moth, Tineola_bisselliella, clothes_moth,@ genus_Tineola,#m (moth that forms a web in which it lives) }
{ Trichophaga, genus_Trichophaga, arthropod_genus,@ family_Tineidae,#m (carpet moths) }
{ carpet_moth, tapestry_moth, Trichophaga_tapetzella, tineid_moth,@ genus_Trichophaga,#m (larvae feed on carpets and other woolens) }
{ Gracilariidae, Gracillariidae, family_Gracilariidae, arthropod_family,@ superfamily_Tineoidea,#m (leaf miners) }
{ gracilariid, gracilariid_moth, tineoid_moth,@ (small dull or metallic-colored tineoid moths whose larvae mine in plant leaves) }
{ Gelechiidae, family_Gelechiidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (important economic pests) }
{ gelechiid, gelechiid_moth, moth,@ family_Gelechiidae,#m (small slender-winged moths whose larvae are agricultural pests) }

{ Gelechia, genus_Gelechia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Gelechiidae,#m (type genus of the Gelechiidae: pink bollworms) }
{ Gelechia_gossypiella1, gelechiid_moth,@ genus_Gelechia,#m (small brown moth whose larvae bore into flowers and bolls of cotton) }
{ grain_moth, gelechiid_moth,@ (moth whose larvae feed on grain) }
{ Sitotroga, genus_Sitotroga, arthropod_genus,@ family_Gelechiidae,#m (grain moths) }
{ angoumois_moth, angoumois_grain_moth, Sitotroga_cerealella, grain_moth,@ genus_Sitotroga,#m (small moth whose larvae feed on kernels of stored grains) }
{ Phthorimaea, genus_Phthorimaea, arthropod_genus,@ family_Gelechiidae,#m (potato moths) }
{ potato_moth, potato_tuber_moth, splitworm, Phthorimaea_operculella1, gelechiid_moth,@ (greyish-brown moth whose larva is the potato tuberworm) }
{ potato_tuberworm, Phthorimaea_operculella2, caterpillar,@ genus_Phthorimaea,#m (larva of potato moth; mines in leaves and stems of e.g. potatoes and tobacco) }

{ Noctuidae, family_Noctuidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (cutworms; armyworms) }
{ noctuid_moth, noctuid, owlet_moth, moth,@ family_Noctuidae,#m (usually dull-colored medium-sized nocturnal moth; the usually smooth-bodied larvae are destructive agricultural pests) }
{ cutworm, caterpillar,@ family_Noctuidae,#m (North American moth whose larvae feed on young plant stems cutting them off at the ground) }
{ Noctua, genus_Noctua, arthropod_genus,@ family_Noctuidae,#m (type genus of the Noctuidae: moths whose larvae are cutworms) }
{ Catacala, genus_Catacala, arthropod_genus,@ family_Noctuidae,#m (moths whose larvae are cutworms: underwings) }
{ underwing, noctuid_moth,@ genus_Catacala,#m (moth having dull forewings and brightly colored hind wings) }
{ red_underwing, Catocala_nupta, underwing,@ (moth having dull forewings and red-marked hind wings) }
{ Cerapteryx, genus_Cerapteryx, arthropod_genus,@ family_Noctuidae,#m (antler moths) }
{ antler_moth, Cerapteryx_graminis, noctuid_moth,@ genus_Cerapteryx,#m (European moth with white antler-like markings on the forewings; the larvae damage pastures and grasslands) }
{ Heliothis, genus_Heliothis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Noctuidae,#m (a genus of Noctuidae) }
{ heliothis_moth, Heliothis_zia1, noctuid_moth,@ genus_Heliothis,#m (medium-sized moth whose larvae are corn earworms) }
{ Chorizagrotis, genus_Chorizagrotis, arthropod_genus,@ family_Noctuidae,#m (moths whose larvae are army cutworms) }
{ army_cutworm, Chorizagrotis_auxiliaris2, cutworm,@ genus_Chorizagrotis,#m (larvae (of a noctuid moth) that travel in large groups and destroy grains and alfalfa in the midwestern states) }
{ Pseudaletia, genus_Pseudaletia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Noctuidae,#m (moths whose larvae are armyworms) }
{ armyworm1, Pseudaletia_unipuncta1, noctuid_moth,@ genus_Pseudaletia,#m (moth whose destructive larvae travel in multitudes) }
{ armyworm2, army_worm, Pseudaletia_unipuncta2, caterpillar,@ genus_Pseudaletia,#m (noctuid moth larvae that travel in multitudes destroying especially grass and grain) }
{ Spodoptera, genus_Spodoptera, arthropod_genus,@ family_Noctuidae,#m (moths whose larvae are armyworms) }
{ Spodoptera_exigua1, noctuid_moth,@ genus_Spodoptera,#m (moth whose larvae are beet armyworms) }
{ beet_armyworm, Spodoptera_exigua2, caterpillar,@ genus_Spodoptera,#m (moth larva that eats foliage of beets and other vegetables) }
{ Spodoptera_frugiperda1, noctuid_moth,@ genus_Spodoptera,#m (moth whose larvae are fall armyworms) }
{ fall_armyworm, Spodoptera_frugiperda, caterpillar,@ (larva of a migratory American noctuid moth; destroys grasses and small grains) }

{ Sphingidae, family_Sphingidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (hawkmoths) }
{ hawkmoth, hawk_moth, sphingid, sphinx_moth, hummingbird_moth, moth,@ family_Sphingidae,#m (any of various moths with long narrow forewings capable of powerful flight and hovering over flowers to feed) }
{ Manduca, genus_Manduca, arthropod_genus,@ family_Sphingidae,#m (moths whose larvae are tobacco hornworms or tomato hornworms) }
{ Manduca_sexta1, hawkmoth,@ genus_Manduca,#m (moth whose larvae are tobacco hornworms) }
{ tobacco_hornworm, tomato_worm, Manduca_sexta2, caterpillar,@ genus_Manduca,#m (large green white-striped hawkmoth larva that feeds on tobacco and related plants; similar to tomato hornworm) }
{ Manduca_quinquemaculata1, hawkmoth,@ genus_Manduca,#m (moth whose larvae are tomato hornworms) }
{ tomato_hornworm, potato_worm, Manduca_quinquemaculata2, caterpillar,@ (large green white-striped hawkmoth larva that feeds on tomato and potato plants; similar to tobacco hornworm) }
{ Acherontia, genus_Acherontia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Sphingidae,#m (death's-head moth) }
{ death's-head_moth, Acherontia_atropos, hawkmoth,@ genus_Acherontia,#m (European hawkmoth with markings on the back resembling a human skull) }

{ Bombycidae, family_Bombycidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (Chinese silkworm moth) }
{ bombycid, bombycid_moth, silkworm_moth1, moth,@ family_Bombycidae,#m (moderate-sized Asiatic moth whose larvae feed on mulberry leaves and produce silk) }
{ Bombyx, genus_Bombyx, arthropod_genus,@ family_Bombycidae,#m (type genus of the Bombycidae: Chinese silkworm moth) }
{ domestic_silkworm_moth, domesticated_silkworm_moth, Bombyx_mori, silkworm_moth1,@ genus_Bombyx,#m (stocky creamy-white Asiatic moth found almost entirely under human care; the source of most of the silk commerce) }
{ silkworm1, caterpillar,@ genus_Bombyx,#m (the commercially bred hairless white caterpillar of the domestic silkworm moth which spins a cocoon that can be processed to yield silk fiber; the principal source of commercial silk) }

{ Saturniidae, family_Saturniidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (important and widely distributed family of moths including some of the largest insects known) }
{ saturniid, saturniid_moth, moth,@ family_Saturniidae,#m (large brightly colored and usually tropical moth; larvae spin silken cocoons) }
{ Saturnia, genus_Saturnia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Saturniidae,#m (type genus of the Saturniidae: emperor moth) }
{ emperor2, emperor_moth, Saturnia_pavonia, saturniid_moth,@ genus_Saturnia,#m (large moth of temperate forests of Eurasia having heavily scaled transparent wings) }
{ Eacles, genus_Eacles, arthropod_genus,@ family_Saturniidae,#m (imperial moths) }
{ imperial_moth, Eacles_imperialis, saturniid_moth,@ genus_Eacles,#m (large American moth having yellow wings with purplish or brownish markings; larvae feed on e.g. maple and pine trees) }
{ giant_silkworm_moth, silkworm_moth2, saturniid_moth,@ (any silkworm moth of the family Saturniidae) }
{ silkworm2, giant_silkworm, wild_wilkworm, caterpillar,@ family_Saturniidae,#m (larva of a saturniid moth; spins a large amount of strong silk in constructing its cocoon) }
{ Actias, genus_Actias, arthropod_genus,@ family_Saturniidae,#m (luna moths) }
{ luna_moth, Actias_luna, saturniid_moth,@ genus_Actias,#m (large pale-green American moth with long-tailed hind wings and a yellow crescent-shaped mark on each forewing) }
{ Hyalophora, genus_Hyalophora, arthropod_genus,@ family_Saturniidae,#m (American silkworm moth) }
{ cecropia, cecropia_moth, Hyalophora_cecropia, saturniid_moth,@ (North American silkworm moth; larvae feed on the leaves of forest trees) }
{ Samia, genus_Samia, arthropod_genus,@ family_Saturniidae,#m (silkworm moths) }
{ cynthia_moth, Samia_cynthia1, Samia_walkeri, silkworm_moth2,@ genus_Samia,#m (large Asiatic moth introduced into the United States; larvae feed on the ailanthus) }
{ ailanthus_silkworm, Samia_cynthia2, silkworm2,@ genus_Samia,#m (large green silkworm of the cynthia moth) }
{ Automeris, genus_Automeris, arthropod_genus,@ family_Saturniidae,#m (io moth) }
{ io_moth, Automeris_io, saturniid_moth,@ genus_Automeris,#m (large yellow American moth having a large eyelike spot on each hind wing; the larvae have stinging spines) }
{ Antheraea, genus_Antheraea, arthropod_genus,@ family_Saturniidae,#m (large moths whose larvae produce silk of high quality) }
{ polyphemus_moth, Antheraea_polyphemus, saturniid_moth,@ genus_Antheraea,#m (very large yellowish-brown American silkworm moth with large eyespots on hind wings; larvae feed on fruit and shade trees) }
{ pernyi_moth, Antheraea_pernyi, saturniid_moth,@ genus_Antheraea,#m (a Chinese moth that produces a brownish silk) }
{ tussah, tusseh, tussur, tussore, tusser, Antheraea_mylitta, saturniid_moth,@ genus_Antheraea,#m (oriental moth that produces brownish silk) }
{ Atticus, genus_Atticus, arthropod_genus,@ family_Saturniidae,#m (atlas moth) }
{ atlas_moth, Atticus_atlas, giant_silkworm_moth,@ genus_Atticus,#m (giant saturniid moth widespread in Asia; sometimes cultured for silk) }

{ Arctiidae, family_Arctiidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (tiger moths) }
{ arctiid, arctiid_moth, moth,@ family_Arctiidae,#m (stout-bodied broad-winged moth with conspicuously striped or spotted wings; larvae are hairy caterpillars) }
{ tiger_moth, arctiid_moth,@ (medium-sized moth with long richly colored and intricately patterned wings; larvae are called woolly bears) }
{ Callimorpha, genus_Callimorpha, arthropod_genus,@ family_Arctiidae,#m (cinnabar moths) }
{ cinnabar, cinnabar_moth, Callimorpha_jacobeae, arctiid_moth,@ genus_Callimorpha,#m (large red-and-black European moth; larvae feed on leaves of ragwort; introduced into United States to control ragwort) }

{ Lasiocampidae, family_Lasiocampidae, arthropod_family,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (tent caterpillars; eggars; lappet moths) }
{ lasiocampid, lasiocampid_moth, moth,@ family_Lasiocampidae,#m (medium-sized stout-bodied neutral-colored moths with comb-like antennae) }
{ Lasiocampa, genus_Lasiocampa, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lasiocampidae,#m (type genus of the Lasiocampidae: eggars) }
{ eggar, egger, lasiocampid_moth,@ genus_Lasiocampa,#m (moth having nonfunctional mouthparts as adults; larvae feed on tree foliage and spin egg-shaped cocoons) }
{ Malacosoma, genus_Malacosoma, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lasiocampidae,#m (tent caterpillars) }
{ tent-caterpillar_moth1, Malacosoma_americana, moth,@ genus_Malacosoma,#m (moth whose larvae are tent caterpillars) }
{ tent_caterpillar, caterpillar,@ genus_Malacosoma,#m (the larvae of moths that build and live in communal silken webs in orchard and shade trees) }
{ tent-caterpillar_moth2, Malacosoma_disstria1, lasiocampid_moth,@ genus_Malacosoma,#m (moth whose gregarious larvae spin webs resembling carpets) }
{ forest_tent_caterpillar, Malacosoma_disstria2, tent_caterpillar,@ (larvae of a gregarious North American moth that spins a web resembling a carpet rather than a tent; serious defoliator of deciduous trees) }
{ lappet, lappet_moth, lasiocampid_moth,@ (medium-sized hairy moths; larvae are lappet caterpillars) }
{ lappet_caterpillar, caterpillar,@ family_Lasiocampidae,#m (larva of a lappet moth) }
{ webworm, caterpillar,@ family_Lasiocampidae,#m (several gregarious moth larvae that spin webs over foliage on which they feed) }
{ Hyphantria, genus_Hyphantria, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lasiocampidae,#m (fall webworms) }
{ webworm_moth, lasiocampid_moth,@ (a variety of moth that spins a web in which it lives) }
{ Hyphantria_cunea1, webworm_moth,@ genus_Hyphantria,#m (moth whose larvae are fall webworms) }
{ fall_webworm, Hyphantria_cunea2, webworm,@ genus_Hyphantria,#m (a variety of webworm) }
{ Loxostege, genus_Loxostege, arthropod_genus,@ family_Lasiocampidae,#m (garden webworms) }
{ Loxostege_similalis1, webworm_moth,@ genus_Loxostege,#m (moth whose larvae are garden webworms) }
{ garden_webworm, Loxostege_similalis2, webworm,@ genus_Loxostege,#m (a variety of webworm) }

{ instar, arthropod,@ (an insect or other arthropod between molts) }
{ caterpillar, larva,@ order_Lepidoptera,#m (a wormlike and often brightly colored and hairy or spiny larva of a butterfly or moth) }
{ corn_borer2, Pyrausta_nubilalis2, caterpillar,@ family_Pyralidae,#m (larva of the European corn borer moth; a serious pest of maize) }
{ bollworm, caterpillar,@ (any of various moth caterpillars that destroy cotton bolls) }
{ pink_bollworm, Gelechia_gossypiella2, bollworm,@ family_Gelechiidae,#m (larvae of a gelechiid moth introduced from Asia; feeds on the seeds of cotton bolls) }
{ corn_earworm, cotton_bollworm, tomato_fruitworm, tobacco_budworm, vetchworm, Heliothis_zia2, bollworm,@ family_Noctuidae,#m (larva of a noctuid moth; highly destructive to especially corn and cotton and tomato crops) }
{ cabbageworm, Pieris_rapae2, caterpillar,@ genus_Pieris,#m (toxic green larva of a cabbage butterfly) }
{ woolly_bear, woolly_bear_caterpillar, caterpillar,@ (caterpillar of numerous moths characterized by a dense coat of woolly hairs; feed on plants and some are destructive pests) }
{ woolly_bear_moth, woolly_bear,@ family_Arctiidae,#m (larva of moth of the family Arctiidae) }
{ [ larva, adj.all:immature1^larval,+ adj.pert:larval,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (the immature free-living form of most invertebrates and amphibians and fish which at hatching from the egg is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose) }
{ nymph, larva,@ (a larva of an insect with incomplete metamorphosis (as the dragonfly or mayfly)) }
{ leptocephalus, larva,@ subclass_Teleostei,#m (slender transparent larva of eels and certain fishes) }
{ bot, larva,@ (botfly larva; typically develops inside the body of a horse or sheep or human) }
{ [ grub, adj.pert:grubby,+ ] larva,@ (a soft thick wormlike larva of certain beetles and other insects) }
{ [ maggot, adj.all:stale^maggoty,+ ] grub,@ (the larva of the housefly and blowfly commonly found in decaying organic matter) }
{ leatherjacket3, grub,@ (tough-skinned larva of certain crane flies) }
{ [ pupa, adj.all:immature1^pupal,+ verb.body:pupate,+ ] insect,@ (an insect in the inactive stage of development (when it is not feeding) intermediate between larva and adult) }
{ chrysalis, pupa,@ (pupa of a moth or butterfly enclosed in a cocoon) }
{ [ cocoon, verb.contact:cocoon,+ ] noun.Tops:natural_object,@ (silky envelope spun by the larvae of many insects to protect pupas and by spiders to protect eggs) }
{ imago, insect,@ (an adult insect produced after metamorphosis) }
{ queen1, insect,@ (the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs) }

{ Phoronida, Phoronidea, phylum_Phoronida, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (small phylum of wormlike marine animals) }
{ phoronid, invertebrate,@ phylum_Phoronida,#m (hermaphrodite wormlike animal living in mud of the sea bottom) }

{ Bryozoa, phylum_Bryozoa, polyzoa, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (marine or freshwater animals that form colonies of zooids) }
{ bryozoan, polyzoan, sea_mat, sea_moss, moss_animal, invertebrate,@ phylum_Bryozoa,#m (sessile aquatic animal forming mossy colonies of small polyps each having a curved or circular ridge bearing tentacles; attach to stones or seaweed and reproduce by budding) }

{ Ectoprocta, phylum_Ectoprocta, noun.group:phylum,@ phylum_Bryozoa,#m (coextensive with or a subphylum of Bryozoa) }
{ ectoproct, invertebrate,@ phylum_Ectoprocta,#m (sessile mossy aquatic animal having the anus of the polyp outside the crown of tentacles) }

{ Entoprocta, phylum_Entoprocta, Endoprocta, noun.group:phylum,@ phylum_Bryozoa,#m (sometimes considered a subphylum of Bryozoa) }
{ entoproct, invertebrate,@ phylum_Entoprocta,#m (any of various moss-like aquatic animals usually forming branching colonies; each polyp having a both mouth and anus within a closed ring of tentacles) }

{ Cycliophora, phylum_Cycliophora, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (tiny marine organisms each the size of a period found in great numbers on lobsters' lips; identified tentatively in 1995 as a new phylum or as possible link between Entoprocta and Ectoprocta) }
{ Symbion_pandora, invertebrate,@ phylum_Cycliophora,#m (only known species of Cycliophora; lives symbiotically attached to a lobster's lip by an adhesive disk and feeding by means of a hairy mouth ring; its complex life cycle includes asexual and sexual phases) }

{ [ Brachiopoda, adj.pert:brachiopodous,+ ] phylum_Brachiopoda, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (marine invertebrates that resemble mollusks) }
{ brachiopod, lamp_shell, lampshell, invertebrate,@ phylum_Brachiopoda,#m (marine animal with bivalve shell having a pair of arms bearing tentacles for capturing food; found worldwide) }

{ Sipuncula, phylum_Sipuncula, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (peanut worms) }
{ peanut_worm, sipunculid, invertebrate,@ phylum_Sipuncula,#m (small unsegmented marine worm that when disturbed retracts its anterior portion into the body giving the appearance of a peanut) }

{ echinoderm_family, noun.group:family3,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (a family of echinoderms) }
{ echinoderm_genus, noun.group:genus,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (a genus of echinoderms) }
{ Echinodermata, phylum_Echinodermata, noun.group:phylum,@ kingdom_Animalia,#m (radially symmetrical marine invertebrates including e.g. starfish and sea urchins and sea cucumbers) }
{ echinoderm, invertebrate,@ phylum_Echinodermata,#m (marine invertebrates with tube feet and five-part radially symmetrical bodies) }
{ [ ambulacrum, adj.pert:ambulacral,+ ] noun.body:body_part,@ echinoderm,#p (one of the five areas on the undersurface of an echinoderm on which the tube feet are located) }
{ Asteroidea, class_Asteroidea, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Echinodermata,#m (sea stars) }
{ starfish, sea_star, echinoderm,@ class_Asteroidea,#m (echinoderms characterized by five arms extending from a central disk) }
{ Ophiuroidea, class_Ophiuroidea, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Echinodermata,#m (brittle stars and basket stars) }
{ Ophiurida, subclass_Ophiurida, noun.group:class2,@ class_Ophiuroidea,#m (brittle stars) }
{ brittle_star, brittle-star, serpent_star, echinoderm,@ subclass_Ophiurida,#m (an animal resembling a starfish with fragile whiplike arms radiating from a small central disc) }
{ Euryalida, subclass_Euryalida, noun.group:class2,@ class_Ophiuroidea,#m (basket stars) }
{ basket_star, basket_fish, echinoderm,@ subclass_Euryalida,#m (any starfish-like animal of the genera Euryale or Astrophyton or Gorgonocephalus having slender complexly branched interlacing arms radiating from a central disc) }
{ Euryale, genus_Euryale, echinoderm_genus,@ subclass_Euryalida,#m (basket stars) }
{ Astrophyton, genus_Astrophyton, echinoderm_genus,@ subclass_Euryalida,#m (includes many of the basket stars) }
{ Astrophyton_muricatum, basket_star,@ genus_Astrophyton,#m (a variety of basket star) }
{ Gorgonocephalus, genus_Gorgonocephalus, echinoderm_genus,@ subclass_Euryalida,#m (basket stars) }
{ Echinoidea, class_Echinoidea, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Echinodermata,#m (sea urchins and sand dollars) }
{ sea_urchin, echinoderm,@ class_Echinoidea,#m (shallow-water echinoderms having soft bodies enclosed in thin spiny globular shells) }
{ edible_sea_urchin, Echinus_esculentus, sea_urchin,@ (a sea urchin that can be eaten) }
{ Exocycloida, order_Exocycloida, animal_order,@ class_Echinoidea,#m (flat sea urchins) }
{ sand_dollar, sea_urchin,@ order_Exocycloida,#m (flattened disklike sea urchins that live on sandy bottoms) }
{ Spatangoida, order_Spatangoida, animal_order,@ class_Echinoidea,#m (heart-shaped sea urchins) }
{ heart_urchin, sea_urchin,@ order_Spatangoida,#m (sea urchin having a heart-shaped body in a rigid spiny shell) }
{ Crinoidea, class_Crinoidea, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Echinodermata,#m (sea lilies) }
{ [ crinoid, adj.pert:crinoid,+ ] echinoderm,@ class_Crinoidea,#m (primitive echinoderms having five or more feathery arms radiating from a central disk) }
{ Ptilocrinus, genus_Ptilocrinus, echinoderm_genus,@ class_Crinoidea,#m (sea lilies) }
{ sea_lily, crinoid,@ genus_Ptilocrinus,#m (crinoid with delicate radiating arms and a stalked body attached to a hard surface) }
{ Antedonidae, family_Antedonidae, echinoderm_family,@ class_Crinoidea,#m (feather stars) }
{ Comatulidae, family_Comatulidae, Antedonidae,@ (former usage synonymous with Antedonidae) }
{ Antedon, genus_Antedon, echinoderm_genus,@ family_Antedonidae,#m (a genus of echinoderms of the family Antedonidae) }
{ Comatula, genus_Comatula, Antedon,@ (former usage synonymous with Antedon) }
{ feather_star, comatulid, crinoid,@ genus_Antedon,#m (free-swimming stalkless crinoid with ten feathery arms; found on muddy sea bottoms) }
{ Holothuroidea, class_Holothuroidea, noun.group:class2,@ phylum_Echinodermata,#m (class of echinoderms including the sea cucumbers) }
{ sea_cucumber, holothurian, echinoderm,@ class_Holothuroidea,#m (echinoderm having a flexible sausage-shaped body, tentacles surrounding the mouth and tube feet; free-living mud feeders) }
{ Holothuridae, family_Holothuridae, echinoderm_family,@ class_Holothuroidea,#m (a family of Holothuroidea) }
{ Holothuria, genus_Holothuria, echinoderm_genus,@ family_Holothuridae,#m (type genus of the Holothuridae) }
{ trepang, Holothuria_edulis, holothurian,@ genus_Holothuria,#m (of warm coasts from Australia to Asia; used as food especially by Chinese) }

{ foot, invertebrate_foot, noun.body:organ,@ invertebrate,#p (any of various organs of locomotion or attachment in invertebrates) }
{ tube_foot, foot,@ echinoderm,#p (tentacular tubular process of most echinoderms (starfish and sea urchins and holothurians) having a sucker at the end and used for e.g. locomotion and respiration) }
{ roe, egg,@ fish,#p (eggs of female fish) }
{ milt, noun.body:semen,@ fish,#p (seminal fluid produced by male fish) }
{ splint_bone, noun.body:bone,@ (a rudimentary metacarpal or metatarsal bone on either side of the cannon bone in the leg of a horse or related animal) }

{ Duplicidentata, lagomorph,@ order_Lagomorpha,#m (in former classifications considered a suborder of Rodentia coextensive with the order Lagomorpha: gnawing animals) }
{ Lagomorpha, order_Lagomorpha, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (rabbits; hares; pikas; formerly considered the suborder Duplicidentata of the order Rodentia) }
{ lagomorph, gnawing_mammal2, placental_mammal,@ order_Lagomorpha,#m (relative large gnawing animals; distinguished from rodents by having two pairs of upper incisors specialized for gnawing) }
{ Leporidae, family_Leporidae, mammal_family,@ order_Lagomorpha,#m (hares and rabbits) }
{ leporid, leporid_mammal, lagomorph,@ family_Leporidae,#m (rabbits and hares) }
{ [ rabbit, verb.competition:rabbit,+ ] coney1, cony1, leporid,@ noun.group:warren,#m (any of various burrowing animals of the family Leporidae having long ears and short tails; some domesticated and raised for pets or food) }
{ rabbit_ears, rabbit,@ (the long ears of a rabbit) }
{ lapin, rabbit,@ (castrated male rabbit) }
{ bunny, bunny_rabbit, rabbit,@ noun.communication:colloquialism,;u ((usually informal) especially a young rabbit) }
{ Oryctolagus, genus_Oryctolagus, mammal_genus,@ family_Leporidae,#m (Old World rabbits) }
{ European_rabbit, Old_World_rabbit, Oryctolagus_cuniculus, rabbit,@ genus_Oryctolagus,#m (common greyish-brown burrowing animal native to southern Europe and northern Africa but introduced elsewhere; widely domesticated and developed in various colors and for various needs; young are born naked and helpless) }
{ Sylvilagus, genus_Sylvilagus, mammal_genus,@ family_Leporidae,#m (North American rabbits) }
{ wood_rabbit, cottontail, cottontail_rabbit, rabbit,@ genus_Sylvilagus,#m (common small rabbit of North America having greyish or brownish fur and a tail with a white underside; a host for Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis (Lyme disease ticks)) }
{ eastern_cottontail, Sylvilagus_floridanus, wood_rabbit,@ (widely distributed in United States except northwest and far west regions) }
{ swamp_rabbit1, canecutter, swamp_hare, Sylvilagus_aquaticus, wood_rabbit,@ genus_Sylvilagus,#m (a wood rabbit of southeastern United States swamps and lowlands) }
{ marsh_hare, swamp_rabbit2, Sylvilagus_palustris, wood_rabbit,@ (a wood rabbit of marshy coastal areas from North Carolina to Florida) }
{ Lepus, genus_Lepus, mammal_genus,@ family_Leporidae,#m (type genus of the Leporidae: hares) }
{ [ hare, verb.motion:hare,+ ] leporid,@ genus_Lepus,#m (swift timid long-eared mammal larger than a rabbit having a divided upper lip and long hind legs; young born furred and with open eyes) }
{ leveret, hare,@ (a young hare especially one in its first year) }
{ European_hare, Lepus_europaeus, hare,@ genus_Lepus,#m (large hare introduced in North America; does not turn white in winter) }
{ jackrabbit, hare,@ genus_Lepus,#m (large hare of western North America) }
{ white-tailed_jackrabbit, whitetail_jackrabbit, Lepus_townsendi, jackrabbit,@ (largest hare of northern plains and western mountains of United States; brownish-grey in summer and pale grey in winter; tail nearly always all white) }
{ blacktail_jackrabbit, Lepus_californicus, jackrabbit,@ (the common jackrabbit of grasslands and open areas of western United States; has large black-tipped ears and black streak on the tail) }
{ polar_hare, Arctic_hare, Lepus_arcticus, hare,@ genus_Lepus,#m (a large hare of northern North America; it is almost completely white in winter) }
{ snowshoe_hare, snowshoe_rabbit, varying_hare, Lepus_americanus, hare,@ (large large-footed North American hare; white in winter) }
{ Belgian_hare, leporide, rabbit,@ (red breed of domestic rabbits; hybrid between Old World rabbit and hare) }
{ Angora2, Angora_rabbit, rabbit,@ (domestic breed of rabbit with long white silky hair) }
{ Ochotonidae, family_Ochotonidae, mammal_family,@ order_Lagomorpha,#m (pikas and extinct forms) }
{ pika, mouse_hare, rock_rabbit1, coney2, cony2, lagomorph,@ family_Ochotonidae,#m (small short-eared burrowing mammal of rocky uplands of Asia and western North America) }
{ Ochotona, genus_Ochotona, mammal_genus,@ family_Ochotonidae,#m (type genus of the Ochotonidae) }
{ little_chief_hare, Ochotona_princeps, pika,@ genus_Ochotona,#m (North American pika) }
{ collared_pika, Ochotona_collaris, pika,@ genus_Ochotona,#m (similar to little chief hare and may be same species) }

{ Rodentia, order_Rodentia, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (small gnawing animals: porcupines; rats; mice; squirrels; marmots; beavers; gophers; voles; hamsters; guinea pigs; agoutis) }
{ rodent, [ gnawer, verb.contact:gnaw,+ ] placental_mammal,@ order_Rodentia,#m (relatively small placental mammals having a single pair of constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing) }
{ [ mouse, adj.pert:mousy,+ adj.pert:mousey,+ ] rodent,@ (any of numerous small rodents typically resembling diminutive rats having pointed snouts and small ears on elongated bodies with slender usually hairless tails) }

{ Myomorpha, suborder_Myomorpha, animal_order,@ order_Rodentia,#m (true rats and mice and related rodents) }
{ Muroidea, superfamily_Muroidea, mammal_family,@ suborder_Myomorpha,#m (a superfamily of rodents essentially equal to the suborder Myomorpha but with the Dipodidae excluded) }
{ [ rat, adj.all:dirty1^ratty,+ verb.contact:rat,+ ] rodent,@ (any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse) }
{ pocket_rat, rat,@ (any of various rodents with cheek pouches) }
{ Muridae, family_Muridae, mammal_family,@ superfamily_Muroidea,#m (originally Old World rats now distributed worldwide; distinguished from the Cricetidae by typically lacking cheek pouches) }
{ [ murine, adj.pert:murine,+ ] rodent,@ (a rodent that is a member of the family Muridae) }
{ Mus, genus_Mus, mammal_genus,@ family_Muridae,#m (type genus of the Muridae: common house mice; the tips of the upper incisors have a square notch) }
{ house_mouse, Mus_musculus, mouse,@ genus_Mus,#m (brownish-grey Old World mouse now a common household pest worldwide) }
{ Micromyx, genus_Micromyx, mammal_genus,@ family_Muridae,#m (Old World harvest mice) }
{ harvest_mouse1, Micromyx_minutus, mouse,@ genus_Micromyx,#m (small reddish-brown Eurasian mouse inhabiting e.g. cornfields) }
{ Apodemus, genus_Apodemus, mammal_genus,@ family_Muridae,#m (Old World field mice) }
{ field_mouse2, fieldmouse, mouse,@ genus_Apodemus,#m (any nocturnal Old World mouse of the genus Apodemus inhabiting woods and fields and gardens) }
{ nude_mouse, mouse,@ (a mouse with a genetic defect that prevents them from growing hair and also prevents them from immunologically rejecting human cells and tissues; widely used in preclinical trials) }
{ European_wood_mouse, Apodemus_sylvaticus, field_mouse2,@ genus_Apodemus,#m (nocturnal yellowish-brown mouse inhabiting woods and fields and gardens) }
{ Rattus, genus_Rattus, mammal_genus,@ family_Muridae,#m (common house rats; upper incisors have a beveled edge) }
{ brown_rat, Norway_rat, Rattus_norvegicus, rat,@ genus_Rattus,#m (common domestic rat; serious pest worldwide) }
{ wharf_rat, brown_rat,@ (brown rat that infests wharves) }
{ sewer_rat, brown_rat,@ (brown rat commonly found in sewers) }
{ black_rat, roof_rat, Rattus_rattus, rat,@ genus_Rattus,#m (common household pest originally from Asia that has spread worldwide) }
{ Nesokia, genus_Nesokia, mammal_genus,@ family_Muridae,#m (bandicoot rats) }
{ bandicoot_rat, mole_rat2, rat,@ genus_Nesokia,#m (burrowing scaly-tailed rat of India and Ceylon) }
{ Conilurus, genus_Conilurus, mammal_genus,@ family_Muridae,#m (jerboa rats) }
{ jerboa_rat, rat,@ genus_Conilurus,#m (large Australian rat with hind legs adapted for leaping) }
{ Notomys, genus_Notomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Muridae,#m (jerboa rats) }
{ kangaroo_mouse1, jerboa_rat,@ genus_Notomys,#m (leaping rodent of Australian desert areas) }
{ Hydromyinae, subfamily_Hydromyinae, mammal_family,@ family_Muridae,#m (water rats of Australia and New Guinea) }
{ Hydromys, genus_Hydromys, mammal_genus,@ subfamily_Hydromyinae,#m (water rats) }
{ water_rat, rodent,@ (any of various amphibious rats) }
{ beaver_rat, water_rat,@ genus_Hydromys,#m (amphibious rat of Australia and New Guinea) }

{ Cricetidae, family_Cricetidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Myomorpha,#m (mostly small New World rodents including New World mice and lemmings and voles and hamsters) }
{ New_World_mouse, rodent,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (a variety of rodent) }
{ Reithrodontomys, genus_Reithrodontomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (New World harvest mice) }
{ American_harvest_mouse, harvest_mouse2, New_World_mouse,@ genus_Reithrodontomys,#m (any of several small greyish New World mice inhabiting e.g. grain fields) }
{ Peromyscus, genus_Peromyscus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (New World wood mice) }
{ wood_mouse, mouse,@ (any of various New World woodland mice) }
{ white-footed_mouse, vesper_mouse, Peromyscus_leucopus, wood_mouse,@ genus_Peromyscus,#m (American woodland mouse with white feet and underparts) }
{ deer_mouse, Peromyscus_maniculatus, wood_mouse,@ genus_Peromyscus,#m (brownish New World mouse; most widely distributed member of the genus) }
{ cactus_mouse, Peromyscus_eremicus, wood_mouse,@ genus_Peromyscus,#m (burrowing mouse of desert areas of southwestern United States) }
{ cotton_mouse, Peromyscus_gossypinus, wood_mouse,@ genus_Peromyscus,#m (large dark mouse of southeastern United States) }
{ Baiomys, genus_Baiomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (pygmy mice) }
{ pygmy_mouse, Baiomys_taylori, wood_mouse,@ genus_Baiomys,#m (very small dark greyish brown mouse resembling a house mouse; of Texas and Mexico) }
{ Onychomys, genus_Onychomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (grasshopper mice) }
{ grasshopper_mouse, field_mouse1,@ genus_Onychomys,#m (insectivorous mouse of western North America) }
{ Ondatra, genus_Ondatra, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (muskrats) }
{ muskrat, musquash, Ondatra_zibethica, rodent,@ genus_Ondatra,#m (beaver-like aquatic rodent of North America with dark glossy brown fur) }
{ Neofiber, genus_Neofiber, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (round-tailed muskrat) }
{ round-tailed_muskrat, Florida_water_rat, Neofiber_alleni, rodent,@ genus_Neofiber,#m (of Florida wetlands)}
{ Sigmodon, genus_Sigmodon, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (American cotton rats) }
{ cotton_rat, Sigmodon_hispidus, rodent,@ genus_Sigmodon,#m (destructive long-haired burrowing rat of southern North America and Central America) }
{ wood_rat, wood-rat, rodent,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (any of various small short-tailed rodents of the northern hemisphere having soft fur grey above and white below with furred tails and large ears; some are hosts for Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis (Lyme disease ticks)) }
{ dusky-footed_wood_rat, wood_rat,@ (a wood rat with dusky feet) }
{ vole, field_mouse1, wood_rat,@ (any of various small mouselike rodents of the family Cricetidae (especially of genus Microtus) having a stout short-tailed body and inconspicuous ears and inhabiting fields or meadows) }
{ Neotoma, genus_Neotoma, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (packrats) }
{ packrat, pack_rat, trade_rat, bushytail_woodrat, Neotoma_cinerea, wood_rat,@ genus_Neotoma,#m (any of several bushy-tailed rodents of the genus Neotoma of western North America; hoards food and other objects) }
{ dusky-footed_woodrat, Neotoma_fuscipes, pack_rat,@ genus_Neotoma,#m (host to Lyme disease tick (Ixodes pacificus) in northern California) }
{ eastern_woodrat, Neotoma_floridana, wood_rat,@ genus_Neotoma,#m (large greyish-brown wood rat of the southeastern United States) }
{ Oryzomys, genus_Oryzomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (rice rats) }
{ rice_rat, Oryzomys_palustris, rat,@ genus_Oryzomys,#m (hardy agile rat of grassy marshes of Mexico and the southeastern United States) }
{ Pitymys, genus_Pitymys, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (pine mice) }
{ pine_vole, pine_mouse, Pitymys_pinetorum, vole,@ genus_Pitymys,#m (short-tailed glossy-furred burrowing vole of the eastern United States) }
{ Microtus, genus_Microtus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (voles of the northern hemisphere) }
{ meadow_vole, meadow_mouse, Microtus_pennsylvaticus, vole,@ genus_Microtus,#m (widely distributed in grasslands of northern United States and Canada) }
{ water_vole2, Richardson_vole, Microtus_richardsoni, vole,@ genus_Microtus,#m (of western North America) }
{ prairie_vole, Microtus_ochrogaster, vole,@ genus_Microtus,#m (typical vole of the extended prairie region of central United States and southern Canada) }
{ Arvicola, genus_Arvicola, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (in some classifications considered synonymous with Microtus) }
{ water_vole1, water_rat2, Arvicola_amphibius, vole,@ genus_Arvicola,#m (common large Eurasian vole) }
{ Clethrionomys, genus_Clethrionomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (a genus of Cricetidae) }
{ red-backed_mouse, redback_vole, vole,@ genus_Clethrionomys,#m (any of several voles of mountainous regions of Eurasia and America) }
{ genus_Phenacomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (North American voles) }
{ phenacomys, vole,@ genus_Phenacomys,#m (any of several vole-like terrestrial or arboreal rodents of cold forested regions of Canada and western United States) }

{ Cricetus, genus_Cricetus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (type genus of the Cricetidae: Old World hamsters) }
{ hamster, rodent,@ genus_Cricetus,#m (short-tailed Old World burrowing rodent with large cheek pouches) }
{ Eurasian_hamster, Cricetus_cricetus, hamster,@ (a variety of hamster common to Europe and Asia) }
{ Mesocricetus, genus_Mesocricetus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (golden hamsters) }
{ golden_hamster, Syrian_hamster, Mesocricetus_auratus, hamster,@ genus_Mesocricetus,#m (small light-colored hamster often kept as a pet) }
{ Gerbillinae, subfamily_Gerbillinae, mammal_family,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (gerbils) }
{ Gerbillus, genus_Gerbillus, mammal_genus,@ subfamily_Gerbillinae,#m (type genus of the Gerbillinae: typical gerbils) }
{ gerbil, gerbille, rodent,@ subfamily_Gerbillinae,#m (small Old World burrowing desert rodent with long soft pale fur and hind legs adapted for leaping) }
{ Meriones, genus_Meriones, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (a genus of Cricetidae) }
{ jird, gerbil,@ genus_Meriones,#m (gerbil of northern Africa) }
{ tamarisk_gerbil, Meriones_unguiculatus, gerbil,@ genus_Meriones,#m (a gerbil that is popular as a pet) }
{ sand_rat1, Meriones_longifrons, gerbil,@ genus_Meriones,#m (southern European gerbil) }

{ lemming, rodent,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (any of various short-tailed furry-footed rodents of circumpolar distribution) }
{ Lemmus, genus_lemmus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (lemmings) }
{ European_lemming, Lemmus_lemmus, lemming,@ genus_Lemmus,#m (notable for mass migrations even into the sea where many drown) }
{ brown_lemming, Lemmus_trimucronatus, lemming,@ genus_Lemmus,#m (of northwestern Canada and Alaska) }
{ Myopus, genus_Myopus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (a genus of Cricetidae) }
{ grey_lemming, gray_lemming, red-backed_lemming, lemming,@ genus_Myopus,#m (Old World lemming) }
{ Dicrostonyx, genus_Dicrostonyx, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (pied lemmings) }
{ pied_lemming, lemming,@ genus_Dicrostonyx,#m (North American lemming having a white winter coat and some claws much enlarged) }
{ Hudson_bay_collared_lemming, Dicrostonyx_hudsonius, pied_lemming,@ (of northern Canada) }
{ Synaptomys, genus_Synaptomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Cricetidae,#m (bog lemmings) }
{ southern_bog_lemming, Synaptomys_cooperi, lemming,@ (of low bogs and meadows of northeastern and central United States and southern Canada) }
{ northern_bog_lemming, Synaptomys_borealis, lemming,@ (of wet alpine and subalpine meadows of Canada and Alaska) }

{ Hystricomorpha, suborder_Hystricomorpha, animal_order,@ order_Rodentia,#m (an order of rodents including: porcupines; guinea pigs; chinchillas; etc.) }
{ porcupine, hedgehog2, rodent,@ (relatively large rodents with sharp erectile bristles mingled with the fur) }
{ Hystricidae, family_Hystricidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Hystricomorpha,#m (Old World porcupines) }
{ Old_World_porcupine, porcupine,@ family_Hystricidae,#m (terrestrial porcupine) }
{ Atherurus, genus_Atherurus, mammal_genus,@ family_Hystricidae,#m (a genus of Hystricidae) }
{ brush-tailed_porcupine, brush-tail_porcupine, Old_World_porcupine,@ genus_Atherurus,#m (porcupine with a tuft of large beaded bristles on the tail) }
{ Trichys, genus_Trichys, mammal_genus,@ family_Hystricidae,#m (a genus of Hystricidae) }
{ long-tailed_porcupine, Trichys_lipura, Old_World_porcupine,@ genus_Trichys,#m (porcupine of Borneo and Sumatra having short spines and a long tail) }
{ New_World_porcupine, porcupine,@ family_Erethizontidae,#m (arboreal porcupine) }
{ Erethizontidae, family_Erethizontidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Hystricomorpha,#m (New World arboreal porcupines) }
{ Erethizon, genus_Erethizon, mammal_genus,@ family_Erethizontidae,#m (a genus of Erethizontidae) }
{ Canada_porcupine, Erethizon_dorsatum, New_World_porcupine,@ genus_Erethizon,#m (porcupine of northeastern North America with barbed spines concealed in the coarse fur; often gnaws buildings for salt and grease) }

{ Heteromyidae, family_Heteromyidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Sciuromorpha,#m (small New World burrowing mouselike rodents with fur-lined cheek pouches and hind limbs and tail adapted to leaping; adapted to desert conditions: pocket mice; kangaroo mice; kangaroo rats) }
{ pocket_mouse, pocket_rat,@ family_Heteromyidae,#m (any of various small nocturnal burrowing desert rodents with cheek pouches and long hind legs and tail) }
{ Perognathus, genus_Perognathus, mammal_genus,@ family_Heteromyidae,#m (pocket mice) }
{ silky_pocket_mouse, Perognathus_flavus, pocket_mouse,@ genus_Perognathus,#m (small pale yellowish soft-furred rodent of southwestern United States and Mexico) }
{ plains_pocket_mouse, Perognathus_flavescens, pocket_mouse,@ genus_Perognathus,#m (small rodent of open areas of United States plains states) }
{ hispid_pocket_mouse, Perognathus_hispidus, pocket_mouse,@ genus_Perognathus,#m (large stiff-haired rodent of shortgrass prairies of United States) }
{ Liomys, genus_Liomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Heteromyidae,#m (pocket mice) }
{ Mexican_pocket_mouse, Liomys_irroratus, pocket_mouse,@ genus_Liomys,#m (large pocket mouse of Mexico) }
{ Dipodomys, genus_Dipodomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Heteromyidae,#m (kangaroo rats) }
{ kangaroo_rat1, desert_rat, Dipodomys_phillipsii, pocket_rat,@ genus_Dipodomys,#m (any of various leaping rodents of desert regions of North America and Mexico; largest members of the family Heteromyidae) }
{ Ord_kangaroo_rat, Dipodomys_ordi, kangaroo_rat1,@ (most widely distributed kangaroo rat: plains and mountain areas of central and western United States) }
{ Microdipodops, genus_Microdipodops, mammal_genus,@ family_Heteromyidae,#m (kangaroo mice) }
{ kangaroo_mouse, dwarf_pocket_rat, pocket_rat,@ genus_Microdipodops,#m (small silky-haired pouched rodent; similar to but smaller than kangaroo rats) }

{ Zapodidae, family_Zapodidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Myomorpha,#m (jumping mice) }
{ jumping_mouse, rodent,@ family_Zapodidae,#m (any of several primitive mouselike rodents with long hind legs and no cheek pouches; of woodlands of Eurasia and North America) }
{ Zapus, genus_Zapus, mammal_genus,@ family_Zapodidae,#m (type genus of the Zapodidae) }
{ meadow_jumping_mouse, Zapus_hudsonius, jumping_mouse,@ genus_Zapus,#m (widely distributed in northeastern and central United States and Canada) }

{ Dipodidae, family_Dipodidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Myomorpha,#m (Old World jerboas) }
{ Dipus, genus_Dipus, mammal_genus,@ family_Dipodidae,#m (type genus of the Dipodidae; typical jerboas having three toes on each hind foot) }
{ jerboa, rodent,@ family_Dipodidae,#m (mouselike jumping rodent) }
{ typical_jerboa, jerboa,@ genus_Dipus,#m (small nocturnal jumping rodent with long hind legs; of arid parts of Asia and northern Africa) }
{ Jaculus, genus_Jaculus, mammal_genus,@ family_Dipodidae,#m (jerboas) }
{ Jaculus_jaculus, jerboa,@ genus_Jaculus,#m (a variety of jerboa) }

{ Gliridae, family_Gliridae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Myomorpha,#m (dormice and other Old World forms) }
{ dormouse, rodent,@ family_Gliridae,#m (small furry-tailed squirrel-like Old World rodent that becomes torpid in cold weather) }
{ Glis, genus_Glis, mammal_genus,@ family_Gliridae,#m (type genus of the Gliridae) }
{ loir, Glis_glis, dormouse,@ genus_Glis,#m (large European dormouse) }
{ Muscardinus, genus_Muscardinus, mammal_genus,@ family_Gliridae,#m (a genus of Gliridae) }
{ hazel_mouse, Muscardinus_avellanarius, dormouse,@ genus_Muscardinus,#m (a variety of dormouse) }
{ Eliomys, genus_Eliomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Gliridae,#m (lerots) }
{ lerot, dormouse,@ genus_Eliomys,#m (dormouse of southern Europe and northern Africa) }

{ Geomyidae, family_Geomyidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Sciuromorpha,#m (North American pocket gophers) }
{ Geomys, genus_Geomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Geomyidae,#m (type genus of the Geomyidae) }
{ gopher1, pocket_gopher, pouched_rat1, pocket_rat,@ family_Geomyidae,#m (burrowing rodent of the family Geomyidae having large external cheek pouches; of Central America and southwestern North America) }
{ plains_pocket_gopher, Geomys_bursarius, pocket_gopher,@ genus_Geomys,#m (gopher of chiefly grasslands of central North America) }
{ southeastern_pocket_gopher, Geomys_pinetis, pocket_gopher,@ genus_Geomys,#m (gopher of Alabama and Georgia and Florida) }
{ Thomomys, genus_Thomomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Geomyidae,#m (western pocket gophers) }
{ valley_pocket_gopher, Thomomys_bottae, pocket_gopher,@ genus_Thomomys,#m (of valleys and mountain meadows of western United States) }
{ northern_pocket_gopher, Thomomys_talpoides, pocket_gopher,@ genus_Thomomys,#m (greyish to brown gopher of western and central United States) }

{ Sciuromorpha, suborder_Sciuromorpha, animal_order,@ order_Rodentia,#m (large more or less primitive rodents: squirrels; marmots; gophers; beavers; etc.) }
{ squirrel, rodent,@ family_Sciuridae,#m (a kind of arboreal rodent having a long bushy tail) }
{ tree_squirrel, squirrel,@ genus_Sciurus,#m (any typical arboreal squirrel) }
{ Sciuridae, family_Sciuridae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Sciuromorpha,#m (a mammal family of true squirrels including: ground squirrels; marmots; chipmunks; flying squirrels; spermophiles) }
{ Sciurus, genus_Sciurus, mammal_genus,@ family_Sciuridae,#m (type genus of the Sciuridae; typical moderate-sized arboreal squirrels) }
{ eastern_grey_squirrel, eastern_gray_squirrel, cat_squirrel1, Sciurus_carolinensis, tree_squirrel,@ genus_Sciurus,#m (common medium-large squirrel of eastern North America; now introduced into England) }
{ western_grey_squirrel, western_gray_squirrel, Sciurus_griseus, tree_squirrel,@ genus_Sciurus,#m (large grey squirrel of far western areas of United States) }
{ fox_squirrel, eastern_fox_squirrel, Sciurus_niger, tree_squirrel,@ genus_Sciurus,#m (exceptionally large arboreal squirrel of eastern United States) }
{ black_squirrel, tree_squirrel,@ genus_Sciurus,#m (fox squirrel or grey squirrel in the black color phase) }
{ red_squirrel1, cat_squirrel2, Sciurus_vulgaris, tree_squirrel,@ genus_Sciurus,#m (common reddish-brown squirrel of Europe and parts of Asia) }
{ Tamiasciurus, genus_Tamiasciurus, mammal_genus,@ family_Sciuridae,#m (American red squirrels) }
{ American_red_squirrel, spruce_squirrel, red_squirrel2, Sciurus_hudsonicus, Tamiasciurus_hudsonicus, tree_squirrel,@ (of northern United States and Canada) }
{ chickeree, Douglas_squirrel, Tamiasciurus_douglasi, tree_squirrel,@ (far western United States counterpart of the red squirrel) }
{ Citellus, genus_Citellus, Spermophilus, genus_Spermophilus, mammal_genus,@ family_Sciuridae,#m (typical ground squirrels) }
{ antelope_squirrel, whitetail_antelope_squirrel, antelope_chipmunk, Citellus_leucurus, ground_squirrel,@ (small ground squirrel of western United States) }
{ ground_squirrel, gopher3, spermophile, squirrel,@ genus_Citellus,#m (any of various terrestrial burrowing rodents of Old and New Worlds; often destroy crops) }
{ mantled_ground_squirrel, Citellus_lateralis, ground_squirrel,@ (common black-striped reddish-brown ground squirrel of western North America; resembles a large chipmunk) }
{ suslik, souslik, Citellus_citellus, ground_squirrel,@ (rather large central Eurasian ground squirrel) }
{ flickertail, Richardson_ground_squirrel, Citellus_richardsoni, ground_squirrel,@ (of sagebrush and grassland areas of western United States and Canada) }
{ rock_squirrel, Citellus_variegatus, ground_squirrel,@ (large grey ground squirrel of rocky areas of the southwestern United States) }
{ Arctic_ground_squirrel, parka_squirrel, Citellus_parryi, ground_squirrel,@ (large ground squirrel of the North American far north) }
{ Cynomys, genus_Cynomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Sciuridae,#m (prairie dogs) }
{ prairie_dog, prairie_marmot, rodent,@ genus_Cynomys,#m (any of several rodents of North American prairies living in large complex burrows having a barking cry) }
{ blacktail_prairie_dog, Cynomys_ludovicianus, prairie_dog,@ (tail is black tipped)}
{ whitetail_prairie_dog, Cynomys_gunnisoni, prairie_dog,@ (tail is white tipped) }
{ Tamias, genus_Tamias, mammal_genus,@ family_Sciuridae,#m (chipmunks of eastern North America) }
{ eastern_chipmunk, hackee, striped_squirrel, ground_squirrel2, Tamias_striatus, squirrel,@ genus_Tamias,#m (small striped semiterrestrial eastern American squirrel with cheek pouches) }
{ Eutamias, genus_Eutamias, mammal_genus,@ family_Sciuridae,#m (chipmunks of western America and Asia) }
{ chipmunk2, squirrel,@ genus_Eutamias,#m (a burrowing ground squirrel of western America and Asia; has cheek pouches and a light and dark stripe running down the body) }
{ baronduki, baranduki, barunduki, burunduki, Eutamius_asiaticus, Eutamius_sibiricus, squirrel,@ (terrestrial Siberian squirrel) }
{ Glaucomys, genus_Glaucomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Sciuridae,#m (New World flying squirrels) }
{ American_flying_squirrel, squirrel,@ genus_Glaucomys,#m (New World flying squirrels) }
{ southern_flying_squirrel, Glaucomys_volans, American_flying_squirrel,@ (small large-eyed nocturnal flying squirrel of eastern United States) }
{ northern_flying_squirrel, Glaucomys_sabrinus, American_flying_squirrel,@ (large flying squirrel; chiefly of Canada) }
{ Marmota, genus_Marmota, mammal_genus,@ family_Sciuridae,#m (marmots) }
{ marmot, rodent,@ genus_Marmota,#m (stocky coarse-furred burrowing rodent with a short bushy tail found throughout the northern hemisphere; hibernates in winter) }
{ groundhog, woodchuck, Marmota_monax, marmot,@ (reddish brown North American marmot) }
{ hoary_marmot, whistler3, whistling_marmot, Marmota_caligata, marmot,@ (large North American mountain marmot) }
{ yellowbelly_marmot, rockchuck, Marmota_flaviventris, marmot,@ (heavy-bodied yellowish-brown marmot of rocky areas of western North America) }
{ Petauristidae, subfamily_Petauristidae, mammal_family,@ family_Sciuridae,#m (Old World flying squirrels) }
{ Asiatic_flying_squirrel, squirrel,@ subfamily_Petauristidae,#m (nocturnal rodent of Asia having furry folds of skin between forelegs and hind legs enabling it to move by gliding leaps) }
{ Petaurista, genus_Petaurista, mammal_genus,@ subfamily_Petauristidae,#m (very large Asiatic flying squirrels) }
{ taguan, flying_marmot, flying_cat1, Petaurista_petaurista, Asiatic_flying_squirrel,@ genus_Petaurista,#m (East Indian flying squirrel) }

{ Castoridae, family_Castoridae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Sciuromorpha,#m (beavers) }
{ Castor, genus_Castor, mammal_genus,@ family_Castoridae,#m (type genus of the Castoridae: beavers) }
{ [ beaver, verb.social:beaver,+ ] rodent,@ genus_Castor,#m (large semiaquatic rodent with webbed hind feet and a broad flat tail; construct complex dams and underwater lodges) }
{ Old_World_beaver, Castor_fiber, beaver,@ (a European variety of beaver) }
{ New_World_beaver, Castor_canadensis, beaver,@ (a variety of beaver found in almost all areas of North America except Florida) }
{ Castoroides, genus_Castoroides, mammal_genus,@ family_Castoridae,#m (extinct beavers of the Pleistocene; of eastern and southern United States) }

{ Aplodontiidae, family_Aplodontiidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Sciuromorpha,#m (mountain beavers) }
{ Aplodontia, genus_Aplodontia, mammal_genus,@ family_Aplodontiidae,#m (type genus of the Aplodontiidae: comprising the mountain beavers) }
{ mountain_beaver, sewellel, Aplodontia_rufa, rodent,@ genus_Aplodontia,#m (bulky nocturnal burrowing rodent of uplands of the Pacific coast of North America; the most primitive living rodent) }

{ Caviidae, family_Caviidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Hystricomorpha,#m (a family of Hystricomorpha) }
{ Cavia, genus_Cavia, mammal_genus,@ family_Caviidae,#m (type genus of the Caviidae: guinea pigs) }
{ cavy, rodent,@ genus_Cavia,#m (short-tailed rough-haired South American rodent) }
{ guinea_pig, Cavia_cobaya, cavy,@ (stout-bodied nearly tailless domesticated cavy; often kept as a pet and widely used in research) }
{ aperea, wild_cavy, Cavia_porcellus, cavy,@ (South American cavy; possibly ancestral to the domestic guinea pig) }
{ Dolichotis, genus_Dolichotis, mammal_genus,@ family_Caviidae,#m (maras) }
{ mara, Dolichotis_patagonum, rodent,@ genus_Dolichotis,#m (hare-like rodent of the pampas of Argentina) }

{ Hydrochoeridae, family_Hydrochoeridae, mammal_family,@ (capybara) }
{ Hydrochoerus, genus_Hydrochoerus, mammal_genus,@ family_Hydrochoeridae,#m (a genus of Hydrochoeridae) }
{ capybara, capibara, Hydrochoerus_hydrochaeris, rodent,@ (pig-sized tailless South American amphibious rodent with partly webbed feet; largest living rodent) }

{ Dasyproctidae, family_Dasyproctidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Hystricomorpha,#m (agoutis and pacas) }
{ Dasyprocta, genus_Dasyprocta, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasyproctidae,#m (type genus of the Dasyproctidae: agoutis) }
{ agouti, Dasyprocta_aguti, rodent,@ genus_Dasyprocta,#m (agile long-legged rabbit-sized rodent of Central America and South America and the West Indies; valued as food) }
{ Cuniculus, genus_Cuniculus, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasyproctidae,#m (pacas) }
{ paca, Cuniculus_paca, rodent,@ (large burrowing rodent of South America and Central America; highly esteemed as food) }
{ Stictomys, genus_Stictomys, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasyproctidae,#m (mountain pacas) }
{ mountain_paca, rodent,@ genus_Stictomys,#m (rodent of mountains of western South America) }

{ Capromyidae, family_Capromyidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Hystricomorpha,#m (coypus) }
{ Myocastor, genus_Myocastor, mammal_genus,@ family_Capromyidae,#m (a genus of Capromyidae) }
{ coypu, nutria, Myocastor_coypus, rodent,@ genus_Myocastor,#m (aquatic South American rodent resembling a small beaver; bred for its fur) }

{ Chinchillidae, family_Chinchillidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Hystricomorpha,#m (small bushy-tailed South American burrowing rodents) }
{ genus_Chinchilla, mammal_genus,@ family_Chinchillidae,#m (type genus of the Chinchillidae) }
{ chinchilla, Chinchilla_laniger, rodent,@ genus_Chinchilla,#m (small rodent with soft pearly grey fur; native to the Andes but bred in captivity for fur) }
{ Lagidium, genus_Lagidium, mammal_genus,@ family_Chinchillidae,#m (a genus of Chinchillidae) }
{ mountain_chinchilla, mountain_viscacha, rodent,@ genus_Lagidium,#m (a rodent native to the mountains of Chile and Peru and now bred in captivity) }
{ Lagostomus, genus_Lagostomus, mammal_genus,@ family_Chinchillidae,#m (viscachas) }
{ viscacha, chinchillon, Lagostomus_maximus, rodent,@ genus_Lagostomus,#m (gregarious burrowing rodent larger than the chinchillas) }
{ Abrocoma, genus_Abrocoma, mammal_genus,@ family_Chinchillidae,#m (abrocomes) }
{ abrocome, chinchilla_rat, rat_chinchilla, rodent,@ genus_Abrocoma,#m (ratlike rodent with soft fur and large ears of the Andes) }

{ Spalacidae, family_Spalacidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Myomorpha,#m (mole rats) }
{ Spalax, genus_Spalax, mammal_genus,@ family_Spalacidae,#m (type genus of the Spalacidae) }
{ mole_rat3, rodent,@ genus_Spalax,#m (furry short-limbed tailless rodent resembling a true mole in habits and appearance; of eastern Europe and Middle East) }

{ Bathyergidae, family_Bathyergidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Hystricomorpha,#m (mole rats; sand rats) }
{ Bathyergus, genus_Bathyergus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bathyergidae,#m (mole rats) }
{ mole_rat1, rodent,@ genus_Bathyergus,#m (African rodent resembling a mole in habits and appearance) }
{ Heterocephalus, genus_Heterocephalus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bathyergidae,#m (sand rats) }
{ sand_rat2, rodent,@ genus_Heterocephalus,#m (small nearly naked African mole rat of desert areas) }

{ naked_mole_rat, fossorial_mammal,@ order_Rodentia,#m (fetal-looking colonial rodent of East Africa; neither mole nor rat; they feed on tubers and have a social structure similar to that of honeybees and termites) }
{ queen2, queen_mole_rat, naked_mole_rat,@ (an especially large mole rat and the only member of a colony of naked mole rats to bear offspring which are sired by only a few males) }
{ Damaraland_mole_rat, fossorial_mammal,@ (colonial mole rat of western Africa; similar to naked mole rat) }

{ dug, noun.body: mamma,@ female_mammal,#p (an udder or breast or teat) }
{ udder, bag, noun.body:mamma,@ cow1,#p ewe,#p nanny,#p (mammary gland of bovids (cows and sheep and goats)) }

{ Ungulata, placental_mammal,@ class_Mammalia,#m (in former classifications a major division of Mammalia comprising all hoofed mammals; now divided into the orders Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) and Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)) }
{ [ ungulate, adj.all:ungulate,+ ] hoofed_mammal, placental_mammal,@ (any of a number of mammals with hooves that are superficially similar but not necessarily closely related taxonomically) }
{ Unguiculata, placental_mammal,@ class_Mammalia,#m (in former classifications a major division of Mammalia comprising mammals with nails or claws; distinguished from hoofed mammals and cetaceans) }
{ [ unguiculate, adj.all:unguiculate,+ ] unguiculate_mammal, placental_mammal,@ (a mammal having nails or claws) }

{ Dinocerata, order_Dinocerata, animal_order,@ Ungulata,#m (small order of primitive ungulates of the Paleocene and Eocene) }
{ Uintatheriidae, family_Uintatheriidae, mammal_family,@ order_Dinocerata,#m (an extinct family of Dinocerata) }
{ Uintatherium, genus_Uintatherium, mammal_genus,@ family_Uintatheriidae,#m (type genus of the Uintatheriidae; extinct large herbivorous ungulates somewhat resembling elephants; from the Eocene in Wyoming) }
{ dinocerate, ungulate,@ (an extinct ungulate) }
{ dinoceras, uintathere, dinocerate,@ genus_Uintatherium,#m (a variety of dinocerate) }

{ Hyracoidea, order_Hyracoidea, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (hyraxes and some extinct animals) }
{ Procaviidae, family_Procaviidae, mammal_family,@ order_Hyracoidea,#m (includes all recent members of the order Hyracoidea) }
{ hyrax, coney3, cony3, dassie, das, placental_mammal,@ family_Procaviidae,#m (any of several small ungulate mammals of Africa and Asia with rodent-like incisors and feet with hooflike toes) }
{ Procavia, genus_Procavia, mammal_genus,@ family_Procaviidae,#m (type genus of the Procaviidae) }
{ rock_hyrax, rock_rabbit2, Procavia_capensis, hyrax,@ genus_Procavia,#m (hyrax that lives in rocky areas) }

{ Perissodactyla, order_Perissodactyla, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (nonruminant ungulates: horses; tapirs; rhinoceros; extinct forms) }
{ [odd-toed_ungulate, even-toed_ungulate,!] perissodactyl, perissodactyl_mammal, ungulate,@ order_Perissodactyla,#m (placental mammals having hooves with an odd number of toes on each foot) }

{ Equidae, family_Equidae, mammal_family,@ order_Perissodactyla,#m (horses; asses; zebras; extinct animals) }
{ Equus, genus_Equus, mammal_genus,@ family_Equidae,#m (type genus of the Equidae: only surviving genus of the family Equidae) }
{ [ equine, adj.pert:equine1,+ ] equid, odd-toed_ungulate,@ family_Equidae,#m (hoofed mammals having slender legs and a flat coat with a narrow mane along the back of the neck) }
{ [ horse, verb.consumption:horse,+ ] Equus_caballus, equine,@ genus_Equus,#m (solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times) }
{ [ roan, adj.all:colored^roan,+ ] horse,@ (a horse having a brownish coat thickly sprinkled with white or gray) }
{ stablemate, stable_companion, horse,@ (a horse stabled with another or one of several horses owned by the same person) }
{ Hyracotherium, genus_Hyracotherium, mammal_genus,@ family_Equidae,#m (extinct horse genus; formerly called eohippus) }
{ gee-gee, horse,@ (a word for horse used by children or in adult slang) }
{ eohippus, dawn_horse, horse,@ genus_Hyracotherium,#m (earliest horse; extinct primitive dog-sized four-toed Eocene animal) }
{ genus_Mesohippus, mammal_genus,@ family_Equidae,#m (a genus of Equidae) }
{ mesohippus, horse,@ genus_Mesohippus,#m (North American three-toed Oligocene animal; probably not directly ancestral to modern horses) }
{ genus_Protohippus, mammal_genus,@ family_Equidae,#m (a genus of Equidae) }
{ protohippus, horse,@ genus_Protohippus,#m (Pliocene horse approaching donkeys in size) }
{ [ foal, verb.body:foal,+ ] young_mammal,@ Equus_caballus,#m (a young horse) }
{ filly, foal,@ female,@ (a young female horse under the age of four) }
{ colt2, foal,@ male,@ (a young male horse under the age of four) }
{ male_horse, horse,@ male,@ (the male of species Equus caballus) }
{ ridgeling, ridgling, ridgel, ridgil, colt2,@ (a colt with undescended testicles) }
{ stallion, entire, male_horse,@ (uncastrated adult male horse) }
{ stud, studhorse, stallion,@ (adult male horse kept for breeding) }
{ [ gelding, verb.body:geld,+ ] male_horse,@ (castrated male horse) }
{ mare, female_horse, horse,@ family_Equidae,#m (female equine animal) }
{ broodmare, stud_mare, mare,@ (a female horse used for breeding) }
{ saddle_horse, riding_horse, [ mount, verb.motion:mount1,+ ] horse,@ (a lightweight horse kept for riding only) }
{ [ remount, verb.consumption:remount,+ ] mount,@ (a fresh horse especially (formerly) to replace one killed or injured in battle) }
{ palfrey, saddle_horse,@ noun.communication:archaism,;u (especially a light saddle horse for a woman) }
{ warhorse, saddle_horse,@ (horse used in war) }
{ cavalry_horse, warhorse,@ (horse trained for battle) }
{ [ charger, verb.competition:charge,+ ] courser1, warhorse,@ (formerly a strong swift horse ridden into battle) }
{ steed, warhorse,@ noun.communication:literature,;c ((literary) a spirited horse for state of war) }
{ [ prancer, verb.motion:prance,+ ] saddle_horse,@ (a mettlesome or fiery horse) }
{ hack3, saddle_horse,@ (a saddle horse used for transportation rather than sport etc.) }
{ cow_pony, saddle_horse,@ (a light saddle horse trained for herding cattle) }
{ quarter_horse, saddle_horse,@ (a small powerful horse originally bred for sprinting in quarter-mile races in Virginia) }
{ Morgan, saddle_horse,@ (an American breed of small compact saddle horses) }
{ Tennessee_walker, Tennessee_walking_horse, Walking_horse, Plantation_walking_horse, saddle_horse,@ (a horse marked by stamina and trained to move at a fast running walk) }
{ American_saddle_horse, saddle_horse,@ (a high-stepping horse originating in Kentucky) }
{ Appaloosa, saddle_horse,@ (a hardy breed of saddle horse developed in western North America and characteristically having a spotted rump) }
{ [ Arabian, adj.pert:arabian,+ ] Arab, saddle_horse,@ (a spirited graceful and intelligent riding horse native to Arabia) }
{ Lippizan, Lipizzan, Lippizaner, saddle_horse,@ (a compact and sturdy saddle horse that is bred and trained in Vienna; smart and docile and excellent for dressage; "a Lippizan is black or brown when born but turns white by the time it is five years old") }
{ pony2, horse,@ (a range horse of the western United States) }
{ polo_pony, horse,@ (a small agile horse specially bred and trained for playing polo) }
{ mustang, pony2,@ (small hardy range horse of the western plains descended from horses brought by the Spanish) }
{ bronco, bronc, broncho, mustang,@ (an unbroken or imperfectly broken mustang) }
{ bucking_bronco, bronco,@ (a wild horse that is vicious and difficult or impossible to break in) }
{ buckskin, saddle_horse,@ (horse of a light yellowish dun color with dark mane and tail) }
{ crowbait, crow-bait, saddle_horse,@ (an emaciated horse likely soon to become carrion and so attractive to crows) }
{ [ dun, verb.change:dun,+ ] saddle_horse,@ (horse of a dull brownish grey color) }
{ grey, gray, saddle_horse,@ (horse of a light gray or whitish color) }
{ wild_horse, horse,@ (undomesticated or feral domestic horse) }
{ tarpan, Equus_caballus_gomelini, wild_horse,@ (European wild horse extinct since the early 20th century) }
{ warrigal2, warragal2, wild_horse,@ (Australian wild horse) }
{ Przewalski's_horse, Przevalski's_horse, Equus_caballus_przewalskii, Equus_caballus_przevalskii, wild_horse,@ (wild horse of central Asia that resembles an ass; now endangered) }
{ cayuse, Indian_pony, pony2,@ (a small native range horse) }
{ hack1, horse,@ (a horse kept for hire) }
{ hack2, [ jade, verb.body:jade1,+ verb.body:jade,+ ] nag, plug, horse,@ (an old or over-worked horse) }
{ plow_horse, plough_horse, workhorse,@ (a horse used to pull a plow) }
{ pony1, horse,@ (any of various breeds of small gentle horses usually less than five feet high at the shoulder) }
{ Shetland_pony, pony1,@ (breed of very small pony with long shaggy mane and tail) }
{ Welsh_pony, pony1,@ (breed of small ponies originally from Wales) }
{ Exmoor2, pony1,@ (stocky breed of pony with a fawn-colored nose) }
{ racehorse, race_horse, bangtail, horse,@ (a horse bred for racing) }
{ thoroughbred1, racehorse,@ (a racehorse belonging to a breed that originated from a cross between Arabian stallions and English mares) }
{ Sir_Barton, thoroughbred1,@i (thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1919) }
{ Gallant_Fox, thoroughbred1,@i (thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1930) }
{ Omaha, thoroughbred1,@i (thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1935) }
{ War_Admiral, thoroughbred1,@i (thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1937) }
{ Whirlaway, thoroughbred1,@i (thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1941) }
{ Count_Fleet, thoroughbred1,@i (thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1943) }
{ Assault, thoroughbred1,@i (thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1946) }
{ Citation, thoroughbred1,@i (thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1948) }
{ Secretariat, thoroughbred1,@i (thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1973) }
{ Seattle_Slew, thoroughbred1,@i (thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1977) }
{ Affirmed, thoroughbred1,@i (thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1978) }
{ steeplechaser, horse,@ racer,@ (a horse trained to run in steeplechases) }
{ [ racer, verb.competition:race,+ ] noun.Tops:animal,@ (an animal that races) }
{ finisher, racer,@ (an animal that wins in a contest of speed) }
{ pony3, racehorse,@ (an informal term for a racehorse; "he liked to bet on the ponies") }
{ yearling2, racehorse,@ (a racehorse considered one year old until the second Jan. 1 following its birth) }
{ two-year-old_horse, two_year_old, racehorse,@ (a racehorse that is two years old) }
{ three-year-old_horse, three_year_old, racehorse,@ (a racehorse that is three years old) }
{ dark_horse, racehorse,@ (a racehorse about which little is known) }
{ mudder, racehorse,@ (a racehorse that runs well on a muddy racetrack) }
{ nonstarter, racehorse,@ (a horse that fails to run in a race for which it has been entered) }
{ stalking-horse, horse,@ (a horse behind which a hunter hides while stalking game) }
{ harness_horse, horse,@ (horse used for pulling vehicles) }
{ cob2, harness_horse,@ (stocky short-legged harness horse) }
{ hackney, harness_horse,@ (a compact breed of harness horse) }
{ workhorse, horse,@ (a horse used for plowing and hauling and other heavy labor) }
{ draft_horse, draught_horse, dray_horse, workhorse,@ (horse adapted for drawing heavy loads) }
{ packhorse, workhorse,@ pack_animal,@ (a workhorse used as a pack animal) }
{ carthorse, cart_horse, drayhorse, draft_horse,@ (draft horse kept for pulling carts) }
{ Clydesdale, draft_horse,@ (heavy feathered-legged breed of draft horse originally from Scotland) }
{ Percheron, draft_horse,@ (one of a breed of grey or black draft horses originally used in France to draw heavy coaches or artillery) }
{ farm_horse, dobbin, workhorse,@ (a quiet plodding workhorse) }
{ shire, shire_horse, draft_horse,@ (British breed of large heavy draft horse) }
{ pole_horse, poler, draft_horse,@ (a draft horse harnessed alongside the shaft or pole of a vehicle) }
{ wheel_horse, wheeler, draft_horse,@ (a draft horse harnessed behind others and nearest the wheels of a vehicle) }
{ post_horse, post-horse, poster, horse,@ (a horse kept at an inn or post house for use by mail carriers or for rent to travelers) }
{ coach_horse, draft_horse,@ (strong draft horse for drawing coaches) }
{ [ pacer1, verb.motion:pace1,+ ] horse,@ (a horse trained to a special gait in which both feet on one side leave the ground together) }
{ [ pacer2, verb.cognition:pace,+ ] pacemaker, pacesetter, racehorse,@ (a horse used to set the pace in racing) }
{ trotting_horse, [ trotter, verb.motion:trot,+ ] racehorse,@ (a horse trained to trot; especially a horse trained for harness racing) }
{ pole_horse1, trotting_horse,@ (the horse having a starting position next to the inside rail in a harness race) }
{ stepper, high_stepper, horse,@ (a horse trained to lift its feet high off the ground while walking or trotting) }
{ chestnut, horse,@ (a dark golden-brown or reddish-brown horse) }
{ liver_chestnut, horse,@ (a solid dark brown horse) }
{ [ bay, adj.all:colored^bay,+ ] horse,@ (a horse of a moderate reddish-brown color) }
{ sorrel, horse,@ (a horse of a brownish orange to light brown color) }
{ palomino, horse,@ (a horse of light tan or golden color with cream-colored or white mane and tail) }
{ pinto, horse,@ (a spotted or calico horse or pony) }
{ ass, equine,@ genus_Equus,#m (hardy and sure-footed animal smaller and with longer ears than the horse) }
{ domestic_ass, donkey, Equus_asinus1, ass,@ genus_Equus,#m (domestic beast of burden descended from the African wild ass; patient but stubborn) }
{ burro, donkey,@ (small donkey used as a pack animal) }
{ moke, donkey,@ (British informal for donkey) }
{ jack1, jackass, ass,@ (male donkey) }
{ jennet, jenny, jenny_ass, ass,@ (female donkey) }
{ [ mule, noun.person:muleteer,+ ] equine,@ genus_Equus,#m (hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile) }
{ hinny, equine,@ genus_Equus,#m (hybrid offspring of a male horse and a female donkey or ass; usually sterile; "a hinny has a gentler disposition than a mule") }
{ wild_ass, ass,@ genus_Equus,#m (any of several equine mammals of Asia and northeast Africa) }
{ African_wild_ass, Equus_asinus2, wild_ass,@ (a wild ass of Africa) }
{ kiang, Equus_kiang, wild_ass,@ (wild ass of Tibet and Mongolia) }
{ onager, Equus_hemionus, wild_ass,@ (Asiatic wild ass) }
{ chigetai, dziggetai, Equus_hemionus_hemionus, onager,@ (Mongolian wild ass) }
{ zebra, equine,@ genus_Equus,#m (any of several fleet black-and-white striped African equines) }
{ common_zebra, Burchell's_zebra, Equus_Burchelli, zebra,@ (of the plains of central and eastern Africa) }
{ mountain_zebra, Equus_zebra_zebra, zebra,@ (narrow-striped nearly extinct zebra of southern Africa) }
{ grevy's_zebra, Equus_grevyi, zebra,@ (zebra with less continuous stripes) }
{ quagga, Equus_quagga, equine,@ genus_Equus,#m (mammal of South Africa that resembled a zebra; extinct since late 19th century) }

{ Rhinocerotidae, family_Rhinocerotidae, rhinoceros_family, mammal_family,@ order_Perissodactyla,#m (rhinoceroses) }
{ rhinoceros, rhino, odd-toed_ungulate,@ family_Rhinocerotidae,#m (massive powerful herbivorous odd-toed ungulate of southeast Asia and Africa having very thick skin and one or two horns on the snout) }
{ genus_Rhinoceros, mammal_genus,@ family_Rhinocerotidae,#m (type genus of the Rhinocerotidae) }
{ Indian_rhinoceros, Rhinoceros_unicornis, rhinoceros,@ genus_Rhinoceros,#m (having one horn) }
{ woolly_rhinoceros, Rhinoceros_antiquitatis, rhinoceros,@ genus_Rhinoceros,#m (extinct thick-haired species of Arctic regions) }
{ Ceratotherium, genus_Ceratotherium, mammal_genus,@ family_Rhinocerotidae,#m (African genus) }
{ white_rhinoceros, Ceratotherium_simum, Diceros_simus, rhinoceros,@ (large light-grey African rhinoceros having two horns; endangered; sometimes placed in genus Diceros) }
{ Diceros, genus_Diceros, mammal_genus,@ family_Rhinocerotidae,#m (most common species in Africa) }
{ black_rhinoceros, Diceros_bicornis, rhinoceros,@ genus_Diceros,#m (African rhino; in danger of extinction) }
{ Tapiridae, family_Tapiridae, mammal_family,@ order_Perissodactyla,#m (tapirs and extinct related forms) }
{ Tapirus, genus_Tapirus, mammal_genus,@ family_Tapiridae,#m (type genus of the Tapiridae) }
{ tapir, odd-toed_ungulate,@ genus_Tapirus,#m (large inoffensive chiefly nocturnal ungulate of tropical America and southeast Asia having a heavy body and fleshy snout) }
{ New_World_tapir, Tapirus_terrestris, tapir,@ (a tapir found in South America and Central America) }
{ Malayan_tapir, Indian_tapir, Tapirus_indicus, tapir,@ (a tapir found in Malaya and Sumatra) }

{ [ Artiodactyla, adj.pert:artiodactylous,+ ] order_Artiodactyla, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (an order of hooved mammals of the subclass Eutheria (including pigs and peccaries and hippopotami and members of the suborder Ruminantia) having an even number of functional toes) }
{ [ even-toed_ungulate, odd-toed_ungulate,!] artiodactyl, artiodactyl_mammal, ungulate,@ order_Artiodactyla,#m (placental mammal having hooves with an even number of functional toes on each foot) }
{ Suidae, family_Suidae, mammal_family,@ order_Artiodactyla,#m (pigs; hogs; boars) }
{ swine, even-toed_ungulate,@ family_Suidae,#m (stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous animals) }
{ Sus, genus_Sus, mammal_genus,@ family_Suidae,#m (type genus of the Suidae) }
{ hog, [ pig, noun.animal:piglet,+ verb.body:pig,+ verb.stative:pig,+ ] [ grunter, verb.communication:grunt,+ ] [ squealer, verb.communication:squeal1,+ ] Sus_scrofa2, swine,@ genus_Sus,#m (domestic swine) }
{ [ piglet, noun.animal:pig,+ ] [ piggy, adj.all:gluttonous^piggy,+ ] shoat, shote, young_mammal,@ genus_Sus,#m (a young pig) }
{ sucking_pig, piglet,@ (an unweaned piglet) }
{ porker, hog,@ (a pig fattened to provide meat) }
{ boar1, swine,@ (an uncastrated male hog) }
{ sow, swine,@ (an adult female hog) }
{ [ razorback1, adj.all:backed^razorback,+ ] razorback_hog, razorbacked_hog, swine,@ (a mongrel hog with a thin body and long legs and a ridged back; a wild or semi-wild descendant of improved breeds; found chiefly in the southeastern United States) }
{ wild_boar, boar2, Sus_scrofa1, swine,@ genus_Sus,#m (Old World wild swine having a narrow body and prominent tusks from which most domestic swine come; introduced in United States) }
{ Babyrousa, genus_Babyrousa, mammal_genus,@ family_Suidae,#m (a genus of Suidae) }
{ babirusa, babiroussa, babirussa, Babyrousa_Babyrussa, swine,@ genus_Babyrousa,#m (Indonesian wild pig with enormous curved canine teeth) }
{ Phacochoerus, genus_Phacochoerus, mammal_genus,@ family_Suidae,#m (warthogs) }
{ warthog, swine,@ genus_Phacochoerus,#m (African wild swine with warty protuberances on the face and large protruding tusks) }
{ Tayassuidae, family_Tayassuidae, mammal_family,@ order_Artiodactyla,#m (peccaries) }
{ Tayassu, genus_Tayassu, genus_Pecari, mammal_genus,@ family_Tayassuidae,#m (type genus of the Tayassuidae) }
{ peccary, musk_hog, even-toed_ungulate,@ genus_Tayassu,#m (nocturnal gregarious pig-like wild animals of North America and South America) }
{ collared_peccary, javelina, Tayassu_angulatus, Tayassu_tajacu, Peccari_angulatus, peccary,@ (dark grey peccary with an indistinct white collar; of semi desert areas of Mexico and southwestern United States) }
{ white-lipped_peccary, Tayassu_pecari, peccary,@ (blackish peccary with whitish cheeks; larger than the collared peccary) }
{ Chiacoan_peccary, peccary,@ (a recently discovered large wild pig of Paraguay) }
{ Hippopotamidae, family_Hippopotamidae, mammal_family,@ order_Artiodactyla,#m (hippopotami) }
{ genus_Hippopotamus, mammal_genus,@ family_Hippopotamidae,#m (type genus of the Hippopotamidae) }
{ hippopotamus, hippo, river_horse, Hippopotamus_amphibius, even-toed_ungulate,@ genus_Hippopotamus,#m (massive thick-skinned herbivorous animal living in or around rivers of tropical Africa) }

{ Ruminantia, suborder_Ruminantia, animal_order,@ order_Artiodactyla,#m (cattle; bison; sheep; goats; antelopes; deer; chevrotains; giraffes; camels) }
{ [ ruminant, verb.consumption:ruminate,+ ] even-toed_ungulate,@ suborder_Ruminantia,#m (any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals having a stomach divided into four (occasionally three) compartments) }
{ [ rumen, verb.consumption:ruminate,+ ] first_stomach, noun.body:stomach,@ ruminant,#p (the first compartment of the stomach of a ruminant; here food is collected and returned to the mouth as cud for chewing) }
{ reticulum, second_stomach, noun.body:stomach,@ ruminant,#p (the second compartment of the stomach of a ruminant) }
{ psalterium, omasum, third_stomach, noun.body:stomach,@ ruminant,#p (the third compartment of the stomach of a ruminant) }
{ [ abomasum, adj.pert:abomasal,+ ] fourth_stomach, noun.body:stomach,@ ruminant,#p (the fourth compartment of the stomach of a ruminant; the one where digestion takes place) }

{ Bovidae, family_Bovidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Ruminantia,#m (true antelopes; cattle; oxen; sheep; goats) }
{ bovid, ruminant,@ family_Bovidae,#m (hollow-horned ruminants) }
{ Bovinae, subfamily_Bovinae, mammal_family,@ family_Bovidae,#m (term not used technically; essentially coextensive with genus Bos: cattle; buffalo; and sometimes includes kudu) }
{ Bovini, tribe_Bovini, noun.group:tribe3,@ family_Bovidae,#m (term not used technically; essentially coextensive with genus Bos) }
{ Bos, genus_Bos, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (wild and domestic cattle; in some classifications placed in the subfamily Bovinae or tribe Bovini) }
{ bovine, bovid,@ genus_Bos,#m (any of various members of the genus Bos) }
{ ox, wild_ox, bovine,@ genus_Bos,#m genus_Bibos,#m (any of various wild bovines especially of the genera Bos or closely related Bibos) }
{ [ cattle, noun.artifact:cattleship,+ ] cows, kine, oxen, Bos_taurus, bovine,@ genus_Bos,#m noun.group:herd,#m (domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age; "so many head of cattle"; "wait till the cows come home"; "seven thin and ill-favored kine"- Bible; "a team of oxen") }
{ ox2, cattle,@ genus_Bos,#m (an adult castrated bull of the genus Bos; especially Bos taurus) }
{ stirk, cattle,@ (yearling heifer or bullock) }
{ bullock1, steer, cattle,@ male,@ (castrated bull) }
{ bull1, cattle,@ (uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle) }
{ cow1, moo-cow, cattle,@ (female of domestic cattle: "`moo-cow' is a child's term") }
{ springer, springing_cow, cow1,@ (a cow about to give birth) }
{ heifer, cow1,@ young_mammal,@ (young cow) }
{ [ bullock2, adj.all:strong^bullocky,+ ] bull1,@ young_mammal,@ (young bull) }
{ dogie, dogy, leppy, calf,@ (motherless calf in a range herd of cattle) }
{ maverick, calf,@ (an unbranded range animal (especially a stray calf); belongs to the first person who puts a brand on it) }
{ beef, beef_cattle, cattle,@ (cattle that are reared for their meat) }
{ longhorn, Texas_longhorn, beef_cattle,@ (long-horned beef cattle formerly common in southwestern United States) }
{ Brahman, Brahma, Brahmin, Bos_indicus, bovine,@ genus_Bos,#m (any of several breeds of Indian cattle; especially a large American heat and tick resistant greyish humped breed evolved in the Gulf States by interbreeding Indian cattle and now used chiefly for crossbreeding) }
{ zebu, Brahman,@ genus_Bos,#m (domesticated ox having a humped back and long horns and a large dewlap; used chiefly as a draft animal in India and east Asia) }
{ aurochs1, urus, Bos_primigenius, wild_ox,@ genus_Bos,#m (large recently extinct long-horned European wild ox; considered one of the ancestors of domestic cattle) }
{ yak, Bos_grunniens, wild_ox,@ genus_Bos,#m (large long-haired wild ox of Tibet often domesticated) }
{ banteng, banting, tsine, Bos_banteng, wild_ox,@ genus_Bos,#m (wild ox of the Malay Archipelago) }
{ Welsh, Welsh_Black, cattle,@ (a breed of dual-purpose cattle developed in Wales) }
{ red_poll, cattle,@ (hornless short-haired breed of beef and dairy cattle) }
{ Santa_Gertrudis, beef_cattle,@ (Brahman and shorthorn crossbreed of red cattle; hardy in hot regions) }
{ Aberdeen_Angus, Angus, black_Angus, beef_cattle,@ (black hornless breed from Scotland) }
{ Africander, cattle,@ (tall large-horned humped cattle of South Africa; used for meat or draft) }
{ dairy_cattle, dairy_cow, milch_cow, milk_cow, milcher, milker, cattle,@ (cattle that are reared for their milk) }
{ Ayrshire, dairy_cattle,@ (hardy breed of dairy cattle from Ayr, Scotland) }
{ Brown_Swiss, dairy_cattle,@ (large hardy brown breed of dairy cattle from Switzerland) }
{ Charolais, beef_cattle,@ (large white or cream-colored breed from France) }
{ Jersey, dairy_cattle,@ (a breed of diary cattle developed on the island of Jersey) }
{ Devon, cattle,@ (red dual-purpose cattle of English origin) }
{ grade, cattle,@ (a variety of cattle produced by crossbreeding with a superior breed) }
{ Durham, shorthorn, beef_cattle,@ (English breed of short-horned cattle) }
{ milking_shorthorn, dairy_cattle,@ (breed evolved from shorthorn beef cattle) }
{ Galloway, beef_cattle,@ (breed of hardy black chiefly beef cattle native to Scotland) }
{ Friesian, Holstein, Holstein-Friesian, dairy_cattle,@ (a breed of dairy cattle from northern Holland) }
{ Guernsey, dairy_cattle,@ (breed of dairy cattle from the island of Guernsey) }
{ Hereford, whiteface, beef_cattle,@ (hardy English breed of cattle raised extensively in United States) }
{ cattalo, beefalo, beef_cattle,@ (hardy breed of cattle resulting from crossing domestic cattle with the American buffalo; yields leaner beef than conventional breeds) }
{ Old_World_buffalo, buffalo1, bovid,@ family_Bovidae,#m (any of several Old World animals resembling oxen including, e.g., water buffalo; Cape buffalo) }
{ Bubalus, genus_Bubalus, tribe_Bubalus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (in some classification systems included in genus Bos; water buffaloes) }
{ water_buffalo, water_ox, Asiatic_buffalo, Bubalus_bubalis, buffalo1,@ genus_Bubalus,#m (an Asian buffalo that is often domesticated for use as a draft animal) }
{ Indian_buffalo, water_buffalo,@ (upland buffalo of eastern Asia where true water buffaloes do not thrive; used for draft and milk) }
{ carabao, water_buffalo,@ (water buffalo of the Philippines) }
{ genus_Anoa, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (a genus of mammals of the family Bovidae) }
{ anoa, dwarf_buffalo, Anoa_depressicornis, buffalo1,@ genus_Anoa,#m (small buffalo of the Celebes having small straight horns) }
{ tamarau, tamarao, Bubalus_mindorensis, Anoa_mindorensis, buffalo1,@ genus_Bubalus,#m (small buffalo of Mindoro in the Philippines) }
{ Synercus, genus_Synercus, tribe_synercus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (Cape buffalo) }
{ Cape_buffalo, Synercus_caffer, buffalo1,@ genus_Synercus,#m (large often savage buffalo of southern Africa having upward-curving horns; mostly in game reserves) }
{ Bibos, genus_Bibos, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (wild ox) }
{ Asian_wild_ox, wild_ox,@ genus_Bibos,#m (genus of Asiatic wild oxen) }
{ gaur, Bibos_gaurus, Asian_wild_ox,@ genus_Bibos,#m (wild ox of mountainous areas of eastern India) }
{ gayal, mithan, Bibos_frontalis, Asian_wild_ox,@ genus_Bibos,#m (ox of southeast Asia sometimes considered a domesticated breed of the gaur) }
{ genus_Bison, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (sometimes considered a subgenus of genus Bos: American buffalo) }
{ bison, bovid,@ genus_Bison,#m (any of several large humped bovids having shaggy manes and large heads and short horns) }
{ American_bison, American_buffalo, buffalo2, Bison_bison, bison,@ genus_Bison,#m (large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains) }
{ wisent, aurochs2, Bison_bonasus, bison,@ genus_Bison,#m (European bison having a smaller and higher head than the North American bison) }
{ Ovibos, genus_Ovibos, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (consisting of the musk-ox) }
{ musk_ox, musk_sheep, Ovibos_moschatus, bovid,@ genus_Ovibos,#m (large shaggy-coated bovid mammal of Canada and Greenland; intermediate in size and anatomy between an ox and a sheep) }

{ Ovis, genus_Ovis, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (sheep) }
{ sheep, bovid,@ genus_Ovis,#m noun.group:herd,#m noun.group:flock1,#m (woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat) }
{ ewe, sheep,@ (female sheep) }
{ ram, tup, sheep,@ (uncastrated adult male sheep; "a British term is `tup'") }
{ wether, sheep,@ genus_Ovis,#m (male sheep especially a castrated one) }
{ bellwether, wether,@ (sheep that leads the herd often wearing a bell) }
{ [ lamb, verb.body:lamb,+ ] young_mammal,@ genus_Ovis,#m (young sheep) }
{ lambkin, lamb,@ (a very young lamb) }
{ baa-lamb, lamb,@ (child's word for a sheep or lamb) }
{ hog2, hogget, hogg, lamb,@ (a sheep up to the age of one year; one yet to be sheared) }
{ teg, lamb,@ (two-year-old sheep) }
{ Persian_lamb, lamb,@ (a karakul lamb) }
{ black_sheep, sheep,@ (sheep with a black coat) }
{ domestic_sheep, Ovis_aries, sheep,@ genus_Ovis,#m (any of various breeds raised for wool or edible meat or skin) }
{ Cotswold, domestic_sheep,@ (sheep with long wool originating in the Cotswold Hills) }
{ Hampshire, Hampshire_down, domestic_sheep,@ (British breed of hornless dark-faced domestic sheep) }
{ Lincoln, domestic_sheep,@ (long-wooled mutton sheep originally from Lincolnshire) }
{ Exmoor1, domestic_sheep,@ (horned sheep of Devon; valued for mutton) }
{ Cheviot, domestic_sheep,@ (hardy hornless sheep of the Cheviot Hills noted for its short thick wool) }
{ broadtail, caracul, karakul, domestic_sheep,@ (hardy coarse-haired sheep of central Asia; lambs are valued for their soft curly black fur) }
{ longwool, domestic_sheep,@ (a domestic long-wool sheep) }
{ merino, merino_sheep, domestic_sheep,@ (white sheep originating in Spain and producing a heavy fleece of exceptional quality) }
{ Rambouillet, domestic_sheep,@ (hardy sheep developed from the merino producing both good mutton and fine wool) }
{ wild_sheep, bovid,@ (undomesticated sheep) }
{ argali, argal, Ovis_ammon, wild_sheep,@ genus_Ovis,#m (wild sheep of semidesert regions in central Asia) }
{ Marco_Polo_sheep, Marco_Polo's_sheep, Ovis_poli, wild_sheep,@ genus_Ovis,#m (Asiatic wild sheep with exceptionally large horns; sometimes considered a variety of the argali (or Ovis ammon)) }
{ urial, Ovis_vignei, wild_sheep,@ genus_Ovis,#m (bearded reddish sheep of southern Asia) }
{ Dall_sheep, Dall's_sheep, white_sheep, Ovis_montana_dalli, wild_sheep,@ genus_Ovis,#m (large white wild sheep of northwestern Canada and Alaska) }
{ mountain_sheep, wild_sheep,@ (any wild sheep inhabiting mountainous regions)}
{ bighorn, bighorn_sheep, cimarron, Rocky_Mountain_bighorn, Rocky_Mountain_sheep, Ovis_canadensis, mountain_sheep,@ genus_Ovis,#m (wild sheep of mountainous regions of western North America having massive curled horns) }
{ mouflon, moufflon, Ovis_musimon, mountain_sheep,@ genus_Ovis,#m (wild mountain sheep of Corsica and Sardinia) }
{ Ammotragus, genus_Ammotragus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (genus of wild sheep) }
{ aoudad, arui, audad, Barbary_sheep, maned_sheep, Ammotragus_lervia, wild_sheep,@ genus_Ammotragus,#m (wild sheep of northern Africa) }

{ [ beard1, verb.stative:beard,+ ] noun.body:hair,@ goat,#p (hairy growth on or near the face of certain mammals) }

{ Capra, genus_Capra, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (goats) }
{ goat, caprine_animal, bovid,@ genus_Capra,#m (any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns) }
{ kid, goat,@ (young goat) }
{ billy, billy_goat, he-goat, goat,@ (male goat) }
{ nanny, nanny-goat, she-goat, goat,@ (female goat) }
{ domestic_goat, Capra_hircus, goat,@ (any of various breeds of goat raised for milk or meat or wool) }
{ Cashmere_goat, Kashmir_goat, domestic_goat,@ (Himalayan goat having a silky undercoat highly prized as cashmere wool) }
{ Angora1, Angora_goat, domestic_goat,@ (a domestic breed of goat raised for its long silky hair which is the true mohair) }
{ wild_goat, goat,@ (undomesticated goat) }
{ bezoar_goat, pasang1, Capra_aegagrus, wild_goat,@ (wild goat of Iran and adjacent regions) }
{ markhor, markhoor, Capra_falconeri, wild_goat,@ (large Himalayan goat with large spiraled horns) }
{ ibex, Capra_ibex, wild_goat,@ (wild goat of mountain areas of Eurasia and northern Africa having large recurved horns) }

{ goat_antelope, bovid,@ family_Bovidae,#m (bovid related to goats but having antelope-like features: mountain goats; gorals; serows; chamois; gnu goats) }
{ Oreamnos, genus_Oreamnos, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (mountain goats) }
{ mountain_goat, Rocky_Mountain_goat, Oreamnos_americanus, goat_antelope,@ genus_Oreamnos,#m (sure-footed mammal of mountainous northwestern North America) }
{ Naemorhedus, genus_Naemorhedus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (gorals) }
{ goral, Naemorhedus_goral, goat_antelope,@ genus_Naemorhedus,#m (small goat antelope with small conical horns; of southern Asian mountains) }
{ Capricornis, genus_Capricornis, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (serows) }
{ serow, goat_antelope,@ genus_Capricornis,#m (short-horned dark-coated goat antelope of mountain areas of southern and southeastern Asia) }
{ Rupicapra, genus_Rupicapra, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (chamois) }
{ chamois, Rupicapra_rupicapra, goat_antelope,@ genus_Rupicapra,#m (hoofed mammal of mountains of Eurasia having upright horns with backward-hooked tips) }
{ Budorcas, genus_Budorcas, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (gnu goats) }
{ takin, gnu_goat, Budorcas_taxicolor, goat_antelope,@ genus_Budorcas,#m (large heavily built goat antelope of eastern Himalayan area) }

{ antelope, bovid,@ (graceful Old World ruminant with long legs and horns directed upward and backward; includes gazelles; springboks; impalas; addax; gerenuks; blackbucks; dik-diks) }
{ Antilope, genus_Antilope, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (blackbucks) }
{ blackbuck, black_buck, Antilope_cervicapra, antelope,@ genus_Antilope,#m (common Indian antelope with a dark back and spiral horns) }
{ Litocranius, genus_Litocranius, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (antelopes of eastern Africa: gerenuks) }
{ gerenuk, Litocranius_walleri, antelope,@ genus_Litocranius,#m (slender East African antelope with slim neck and backward-curving horns) }
{ genus_Addax, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (genus of antelopes of northern African deserts) }
{ addax, Addax_nasomaculatus, antelope,@ genus_Addax,#m (large antelope with lightly spiraled horns of desert regions of northern Africa) }
{ Connochaetes, genus_Connochaetes, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (African antelopes: gnus) }
{ gnu, wildebeest, antelope,@ genus_Connochaetes,#m (large African antelope having a head with horns like an ox and a long tufted tail) }
{ Madoqua, genus_Madoqua, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (genus comprising some small antelopes of eastern and northeastern Africa) }
{ dik-dik, antelope,@ genus_Madoqua,#m (any of several small antelopes of eastern Africa of the genus Madoqua; the size of a large rabbit) }
{ Alcelaphus, genus_Alcelaphus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (African antelopes: hartebeests) }
{ hartebeest, antelope,@ genus_Alcelaphus,#m (a large African antelope with lyre-shaped horns that curve backward) }
{ Damaliscus, genus_Damaliscus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (African antelopes: sassabies) }
{ sassaby, topi, Damaliscus_lunatus, antelope,@ genus_Damaliscus,#m (a large South African antelope; considered the swiftest hoofed mammal) }
{ Aepyceros, genus_Aepyceros, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (African antelopes: impalas) }
{ impala, Aepyceros_melampus, antelope,@ genus_Aepyceros,#m (African antelope with ridged curved horns; moves with enormous leaps) }
{ Gazella, genus_Gazella, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (typical gazelles) }
{ gazelle, antelope,@ genus_Gazella,#m (small swift graceful antelope of Africa and Asia having lustrous eyes) }
{ Thomson's_gazelle, Gazella_thomsoni, gazelle,@ genus_Gazella,#m (East African gazelle; the smallest gazelle) }
{ Gazella_subgutturosa, gazelle,@ genus_Gazella,#m (a kind of gazelle) }
{ Antidorcas, genus_Antidorcas, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (springboks) }
{ springbok, springbuck, Antidorcas_marsupialis, Antidorcas_euchore, gazelle,@ genus_Antidorcas,#m (a South African gazelle noted for springing lightly into the air) }
{ Tragelaphus, genus_Tragelaphus, Strepsiceros, genus_Strepsiceros, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (African antelopes: kudus; bongos; nyalas; bushbucks) }
{ bongo, Tragelaphus_eurycerus, Boocercus_eurycerus, antelope,@ genus_Tragelaphus,#m (large forest antelope of central Africa having a reddish-brown coat with white stripes and spiral horns) }
{ kudu, koodoo, koudou, antelope,@ genus_Tragelaphus,#m (either of two spiral-horned antelopes of the African bush) }
{ greater_kudu, Tragelaphus_strepsiceros, kudu,@ (a variety of kudu) }
{ lesser_kudu, Tragelaphus_imberbis, kudu,@ (a smaller variety of kudu) }
{ harnessed_antelope, antelope,@ genus_Tragelaphus,#m (any of several antelopes of the genus Tragelaphus having striped markings resembling a harness) }
{ nyala, Tragelaphus_angasi, harnessed_antelope,@ genus_Tragelaphus,#m (spiral-horned South African antelope with a fringe of white hairs along back and neck) }
{ mountain_nyala, Tragelaphus_buxtoni, antelope,@ genus_Tragelaphus,#m (shaggy antelope of mountains of Ethiopia) }
{ bushbuck, guib, Tragelaphus_scriptus, harnessed_antelope,@ genus_Tragelaphus,#m (antelope with white markings like a harness and twisted horns) }
{ Boselaphus, genus_Boselaphus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (Indian antelopes: nilgais) }
{ nilgai, nylghai, nylghau, blue_bull, Boselaphus_tragocamelus, antelope,@ genus_Boselaphus,#m (large Indian antelope; male is blue-grey with white markings; female is brownish with no horns) }
{ Hippotragus, genus_Hippotragus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (sable antelopes) }
{ sable_antelope, Hippotragus_niger, antelope,@ genus_Hippotragus,#m (large black East African antelope with sharp backward-curving horns) }
{ genus_Saiga, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (Eurasian antelopes: saigas) }
{ saiga, Saiga_tatarica, antelope,@ genus_Saiga,#m (goat-like antelope of central Eurasia having a stubby nose like a proboscis) }
{ Raphicerus, genus_Raphicerus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (African antelopes: steenboks) }
{ steenbok, steinbok, Raphicerus_campestris, antelope,@ genus_Raphicerus,#m (small plains antelope of southeastern Africa) }
{ Taurotragus, genus_Taurotragus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (African antelopes: elands) }
{ eland, antelope,@ genus_Taurotragus,#m (either of two large African antelopes of the genus Taurotragus having short spirally twisted horns in both sexes) }
{ common_eland, Taurotragus_oryx, eland,@ genus_Taurotragus,#m (dark fawn-colored eland of southern and eastern Africa) }
{ giant_eland, Taurotragus_derbianus, eland,@ genus_Taurotragus,#m (large dark striped eland of western equatorial Africa) }
{ Kobus, genus_Kobus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (African antelopes: waterbucks) }
{ kob, Kobus_kob, waterbuck,@ (an orange-brown antelope of southeast Africa) }
{ lechwe, Kobus_leche, waterbuck,@ (tawny-colored African antelope inhabiting wet grassy plains; a threatened species) }
{ waterbuck, antelope,@ genus_Kobus,#m (any of several large African antelopes of the genus Kobus having curved ridged horns and frequenting e.g. swamps and rivers) }
{ Adenota, genus_Adenota, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (African antelopes: puku) }
{ puku, Adenota_vardoni, antelope,@ genus_Adenota,#m (an African antelope closely related to the waterbuck) }
{ genus_Oryx, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (African antelopes: oryxes) }
{ oryx, pasang2, antelope,@ genus_Oryx,#m (large African antelope with long straight nearly upright horns) }
{ gemsbok, gemsbuck, Oryx_gazella, oryx,@ (large South African oryx with a broad black band along its flanks) }

{ Pseudoryx, genus_Pseudoryx, mammal_genus,@ family_Bovidae,#m (species of large cow-like mammals of Vietnam discovered by scientists in 1992) }
{ forest_goat, spindle_horn, Pseudoryx_nghetinhensis, bovid,@ genus_Pseudoryx,#m (cow-like creature with the glossy coat of a horse and the agility of a goat and the long horns of an antelope; characterized as a cow that lives the life of a goat) }

{ Antilocapridae, family_Antilocapridae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Ruminantia,#m (comprising only the pronghorns) }
{ Antilocapra, genus_Antilocapra, mammal_genus,@ family_Antilocapridae,#m (type and sole genus of the Antilocapridae comprising one species) }
{ pronghorn, prongbuck, pronghorn_antelope, American_antelope, Antilocapra_americana, ruminant,@ genus_Antilocapra,#m (fleet antelope-like ruminant of western North American plains with small branched horns) }

{ Cervidae, family_Cervidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Ruminantia,#m (deer: reindeer; moose or elks; muntjacs; roe deer) }
{ deer, cervid, ruminant,@ family_Cervidae,#m (distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers) }
{ stag, buck,@ (adult male deer) }
{ royal, royal_stag, stag,@ (stag with antlers of 12 or more branches) }
{ pricket, deer,@ (male deer in his second year) }
{ [ fawn, verb.body:fawn,+ ] deer,@ young_mammal,@ (a young deer) }
{ Cervus, genus_Cervus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cervidae,#m (the type genus of the Cervidae) }
{ red_deer, elk1, American_elk1, wapiti1, Cervus_elaphus, deer,@ genus_Cervus,#m (common deer of temperate Europe and Asia) }
{ hart, stag2, red_deer,@ (a male deer, especially an adult male red deer) }
{ hind, red_deer,@ (a female deer, especially an adult female red deer) }
{ brocket2, red_deer,@ (male red deer in its second year) }
{ sambar, sambur, Cervus_unicolor, deer,@ genus_Cervus,#m (a deer of southern Asia with antlers that have three tines) }
{ wapiti, elk2, American_elk, Cervus_elaphus_canadensis, deer,@ genus_Cervus,#m (large North American deer with large much-branched antlers in the male) }
{ Japanese_deer, sika, Cervus_nipon, Cervus_sika, deer,@ genus_Cervus,#m (small deer of Japan with slightly forked antlers) }
{ Odocoileus, genus_Odocoileus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cervidae,#m (North American deer) }
{ Virginia_deer, white_tail, whitetail, white-tailed_deer, whitetail_deer, Odocoileus_Virginianus, deer,@ genus_Odocoileus,#m (common North American deer; tail has a white underside) }
{ mule_deer, burro_deer, Odocoileus_hemionus, deer,@ genus_Odocoileus,#m (long-eared deer of western North America with two-pronged antlers) }
{ black-tailed_deer, blacktail_deer, blacktail, Odocoileus_hemionus_columbianus, mule_deer,@ (mule deer of western Rocky Mountains) }
{ Alces, genus_Alces, mammal_genus,@ family_Cervidae,#m (elk or moose) }
{ elk, moose, Alces_alces, deer,@ genus_Alces,#m (large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male; called `elk' in Europe and `moose' in North America) }
{ Dama, genus_Dama, mammal_genus,@ family_Cervidae,#m (fallow deer) }
{ fallow_deer, Dama_dama, deer,@ genus_Dama,#m (small Eurasian deer) }
{ Capreolus, genus_Capreolus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cervidae,#m (roe deer) }
{ roe_deer, Capreolus_capreolus, deer,@ genus_Capreolus,#m (small graceful deer of Eurasian woodlands having small forked antlers) }
{ roebuck, roe_deer,@ (male roe deer) }
{ Rangifer, genus_Rangifer, mammal_genus,@ family_Cervidae,#m (reindeer or caribou) }
{ caribou, reindeer, Greenland_caribou, Rangifer_tarandus, deer,@ genus_Rangifer,#m (Arctic deer with large antlers in both sexes; called `reindeer' in Eurasia and `caribou' in North America) }
{ woodland_caribou, Rangifer_caribou, caribou,@ (any of several large caribou living in coniferous forests of southern Canada; in some classifications included in the species Rangifer tarandus) }
{ barren_ground_caribou, Rangifer_arcticus, caribou,@ (of tundra of northern Canada; in some classifications included in the species Rangifer tarandus) }
{ Mazama, genus_Mazama, mammal_genus,@ family_Cervidae,#m (brockets) }
{ brocket1, deer,@ genus_Mazama,#m (small South American deer with unbranched antlers) }
{ Muntiacus, genus_Muntiacus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cervidae,#m (muntjacs) }
{ muntjac, barking_deer, deer,@ genus_Muntiacus,#m (small Asian deer with small antlers and a cry like a bark) }
{ Moschus, genus_Moschus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cervidae,#m (musk deer) }
{ musk_deer, Moschus_moschiferus, deer,@ genus_Moschus,#m (small heavy-limbed upland deer of central Asia; male secretes valued musk) }
{ Elaphurus, genus_Elaphurus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cervidae,#m (a genus of Cervidae) }
{ pere_david's_deer, elaphure, Elaphurus_davidianus, deer,@ genus_Elaphurus,#m (large Chinese deer surviving only in domesticated herds) }

{ Tragulidae, family_Tragulidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Ruminantia,#m (chevrotains) }
{ chevrotain, mouse_deer, ruminant,@ family_Tragulidae,#m (very small hornless deer-like ruminant of tropical Asia and west Africa) }
{ Tragulus, genus_Tragulus, mammal_genus,@ family_Tragulidae,#m (type genus of the Tragulidae) }
{ kanchil, Tragulus_kanchil, chevrotain,@ genus_Tragulus,#m (small chevrotain of southeastern Asia) }
{ napu, Tragulus_Javanicus, chevrotain,@ genus_Tragulus,#m (chevrotain somewhat larger than the kanchil; found in India and Malaya) }
{ Hyemoschus, genus_Hyemoschus, mammal_genus,@ family_Tragulidae,#m (water chevrotains) }
{ water_chevrotain, water_deer, Hyemoschus_aquaticus, chevrotain,@ genus_Hyemoschus,#m (largest chevrotain; of marshy areas of west Africa) }

{ Camelidae, family_Camelidae, mammal_family,@ order_Artiodactyla,#m (camels and llamas and vicunas) }
{ Camelus, genus_Camelus, mammal_genus,@ family_Camelidae,#m (type genus of the Camelidae: camels) }
{ camel, even-toed_ungulate,@ genus_Camelus,#m (cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions) }
{ Arabian_camel, dromedary, Camelus_dromedarius, camel,@ (one-humped camel of the hot deserts of northern Africa and southwestern Asia) }
{ Bactrian_camel, Camelus_bactrianus, camel,@ (two-humped camel of the cold deserts of central Asia) }
{ llama, even-toed_ungulate,@ (wild or domesticated South American cud-chewing animal related to camels but smaller and lacking a hump) }
{ Lama, genus_Lama, mammal_genus,@ family_Camelidae,#m (llamas) }
{ domestic_llama, Lama_peruana, llama,@ genus_Lama,#m (used in the Andes as a beast of burden and source of wool; considered a domesticated variety of the guanaco) }
{ guanaco, Lama_guanicoe, llama,@ genus_Lama,#m (wild llama) }
{ alpaca, Lama_pacos, llama,@ genus_Lama,#m (domesticated llama with long silky fleece; believed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco) }
{ Vicugna, genus_Vicugna, mammal_genus,@ family_Camelidae,#m (a genus of Camelidae) }
{ vicuna, Vicugna_vicugna, even-toed_ungulate,@ genus_Vicugna,#m (small wild cud-chewing Andean animal similar to the guanaco but smaller; valued for its fleecy undercoat) }

{ Giraffidae, family_Giraffidae, mammal_family,@ (giraffes) }
{ Giraffa, genus_Giraffa, mammal_genus,@ family_Giraffidae,#m (type genus of the Giraffidae) }
{ giraffe, camelopard, Giraffa_camelopardalis, ruminant,@ genus_Giraffa,#m (tallest living quadruped; having a spotted coat and small horns and very long neck and legs; of savannahs of tropical Africa) }
{ Okapia, genus_Okapia, mammal_genus,@ family_Giraffidae,#m (okapis) }
{ okapi, Okapia_johnstoni, giraffe,@ genus_Okapia,#m (similar to the giraffe but smaller with much shorter neck and stripe on the legs) }

{ [ trotter1, verb.motion:trot,+ ] animal_foot,@ hog,#p sheep,#p (foot of a pig or sheep especially one used as food) }
{ forefoot, animal_foot,@ quadruped,#p (a front foot of a quadruped) }
{ hindfoot, animal_foot,@ quadruped,#p (a rear foot of a quadruped) }
{ [ paw, verb.contact:paw1,+ ] animal_foot,@ canine,#p feline,#p (a clawed foot of an animal especially a quadruped) }
{ forepaw, paw,@ forelimb,#p (front paw; analogous to the human hand) }
{ hand1, forepaw,@ (terminal part of the forelimb in certain vertebrates (e.g. apes or kangaroos); "the kangaroo's forearms seem undeveloped but the powerful five-fingered hands are skilled at feinting and clouting"- Springfield (Mass.) Union) }
{ [ pad, verb.motion:pad,+ ] noun.body:structure,@ paw,#p noun.body:finger,#p (the fleshy cushion-like underside of an animal's foot or of a human's finger) }

{ Mustelidae, family_Mustelidae, mammal_family,@ order_Carnivora,#m (weasels; polecats; ferrets; minks; fishers; otters; badgers; skunks; wolverines; martens) }
{ musteline_mammal, mustelid, musteline, carnivore,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (fissiped fur-bearing carnivorous mammals) }
{ Mustela, genus_Mustela, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (type genus of the family Mustelidae: minks and weasels) }
{ weasel, musteline_mammal,@ genus_Mustela,#m (small carnivorous mammal with short legs and elongated body and neck) }
{ ermine, shorttail_weasel, Mustela_erminea, weasel,@ (mustelid of northern hemisphere in its white winter coat) }
{ stoat, ermine,@ (the ermine in its brown summer coat with black-tipped tail) }
{ New_World_least_weasel, Mustela_rixosa, weasel,@ (of Canada and northeastern United States) }
{ Old_World_least_weasel, Mustela_nivalis, weasel,@ (of Europe) }
{ longtail_weasel, long-tailed_weasel, Mustela_frenata, weasel,@ (the common American weasel distinguished by large size and black-tipped tail) }
{ mink, musteline_mammal,@ genus_Mustela,#m (slender-bodied semiaquatic mammal having partially webbed feet; valued for its fur) }
{ American_mink, Mustela_vison, mink,@ (usually rich dark brown) }
{ polecat1, fitch, foulmart, foumart, Mustela_putorius, musteline_Mammal,@ genus_Mustela,#m (dark brown mustelid of woodlands of Eurasia that gives off an unpleasant odor when threatened) }
{ ferret1, polecat1,@ (domesticated albino variety of the European polecat bred for hunting rats and rabbits) }
{ black-footed_ferret, [ ferret2, verb.competition:ferret,+ ] Mustela_nigripes, musteline_mammal,@ genus_Mustela,#m (musteline mammal of prairie regions of United States; nearly extinct) }
{ Poecilogale, genus_Poecilogale, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (muishonds) }
{ muishond, weasel,@ genus_Poecilogale,#m (southern African weasel) }
{ snake_muishond, Poecilogale_albinucha, muishond,@ (small slender burrowing muishond with white top of the head) }
{ Ictonyx, genus_Ictonyx, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (a genus of Mustelidae) }
{ striped_muishond, Ictonyx_striata, muishond,@ genus_Ictonyx,#m (ferret-sized muishond often tamed) }
{ zoril, Ictonyx_frenata, muishond,@ genus_Ictonyx,#m (muishond of northern Africa) }
{ Lutrinae, subfamily_Lutrinae, mammal_family,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (subdivision not used in some classifications: otters) }
{ Lutra, genus_Lutra, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (in some classifications considered a genus of the subfamily Lutrinae) }
{ otter, musteline_mammal,@ genus_Lutra,#m (freshwater carnivorous mammal having webbed and clawed feet and dark brown fur) }
{ river_otter, Lutra_canadensis, otter,@ (sociable aquatic animal widely distributed along streams and lake borders in North America) }
{ Eurasian_otter, Lutra_lutra, otter,@ (otter found in Europe and Asia) }
{ Enhydra, genus_Enhydra, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (sea otters) }
{ sea_otter, Enhydra_lutris, musteline_mammal,@ genus_Enhydra,#m (large marine otter of northern Pacific coasts having very thick dark brown fur) }
{ Mephitinae, subfamily_Mephitinae, mammal_family,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (subdivision not used in some classifications: skunks) }
{ skunk, polecat2, wood_pussy, musteline_mammal,@ (American musteline mammal typically ejecting an intensely malodorous fluid when startled; in some classifications put in a separate subfamily Mephitinae) }
{ Mephitis, genus_Mephitis, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (in some classifications: type genus of the subfamily Mephitinae) }
{ striped_skunk, Mephitis_mephitis, skunk,@ genus_Mephitis,#m (most common and widespread North American skunk) }
{ hooded_skunk, Mephitis_macroura, skunk,@ genus_Mephitis,#m (of Mexico and southernmost parts of southwestern United States) }
{ Conepatus, genus_Conepatus, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (a genus of Mustelidae) }
{ hog-nosed_skunk, hognosed_skunk, badger_skunk, rooter_skunk, Conepatus_leuconotus, skunk,@ genus_Conepatus,#m (large naked-muzzled skunk with white back and tail; of southwestern North America and Mexico) }
{ Spilogale, genus_Spilogale, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (a genus of Mustelidae) }
{ spotted_skunk, little_spotted_skunk, Spilogale_putorius, skunk,@ genus_Spilogale,#m (small skunk with a marbled black and white coat; of United States and Mexico) }
{ Melinae, subfamily_Melinae, mammal_family,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (subdivision not used in some classifications: badgers) }
{ badger, musteline_mammal,@ (sturdy carnivorous burrowing mammal with strong claws; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere) }
{ Taxidea, genus_Taxidea, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (in some classifications considered a genus of subfamily Melinae) }
{ American_badger, Taxidea_taxus, badger,@ genus_Taxidea,#m (a variety of badger native to America) }
{ Meles, genus_Meles, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (in some classifications: type genus of the subfamily Melinae) }
{ Eurasian_badger, Meles_meles, badger,@ genus_Meles,#m (a variety of badger native to Europe and Asia) }
{ Mellivora, genus_Mellivora, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (ratels) }
{ ratel, honey_badger, Mellivora_capensis, musteline_mammal,@ genus_Mellivora,#m (nocturnal badger-like carnivore of wooded regions of Africa and southern Asia) }
{ Melogale, genus_Melogale, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (a genus of Mustelidae) }
{ ferret_badger, badger,@ genus_Melogale,#m (small ferret-like badger of southeast Asia) }
{ Arctonyx, genus_Arctonyx, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (a genus of Mustelidae) }
{ hog_badger, hog-nosed_badger, sand_badger, Arctonyx_collaris, badger,@ genus_Arctonyx,#m (southeast Asian badger with a snout like a pig) }
{ Gulo, genus_Gulo, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (a genus of Mustelidae) }
{ wolverine1, carcajou, skunk_bear, Gulo_luscus, musteline_mammal,@ genus_Gulo,#m (stocky shaggy-coated North American carnivorous mammal) }
{ glutton, Gulo_gulo, wolverine2, musteline_mammal,@ (musteline mammal of northern Eurasia) }
{ genus_Grison, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (a genus of Mustelidae) }
{ genus_Galictis, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (alternative name for the genus Grison) }
{ grison, Grison_vittatus, Galictis_vittatus, musteline_mammal,@ genus_Grison,#m (carnivore of Central America and South America resembling a weasel with a greyish-white back and dark underparts) }
{ Martes, genus_Martes, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (martens) }
{ marten, marten_cat, musteline_mammal,@ genus_Martes,#m (agile slender-bodied arboreal mustelids somewhat larger than weasels) }
{ pine_marten, Martes_martes, marten,@ (dark brown marten of northern Eurasian coniferous forests) }
{ sable, Martes_zibellina, marten,@ (marten of northern Asian forests having luxuriant dark brown fur) }
{ American_marten, American_sable, Martes_americana, marten,@ (valued for its fur) }
{ stone_marten, beech_marten, Martes_foina, marten,@ (Eurasian marten having a brown coat with pale breast and throat) }
{ fisher, pekan, fisher_cat, black_cat, Martes_pennanti, marten,@ (large dark brown North American arboreal carnivorous mammal) }
{ Charronia, genus_Charronia, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (a genus of Mustelidae) }
{ yellow-throated_marten, Charronia_flavigula, marten,@ genus_Charronia,#m (large yellow and black marten of southern China and Burma) }
{ Eira, genus_Eira, mammal_genus,@ family_Mustelidae,#m (a genus of Mustelidae) }
{ tayra, taira, Eira_barbara, musteline_mammal,@ genus_Eira,#m (long-tailed arboreal mustelid of Central America and South America) }

{ fictional_animal, noun.Tops:animal,@ (animals that exist only in fiction (usually in children's stories)) }
{ Easter_bunny, fictional_animal,@i (a rabbit that delivers Easter eggs) }
{ church_mouse, fictional_animal,@i (a fictional mouse created by Lewis Carroll) }
{ Mickey_Mouse, fictional_animal,@i (a fictional mouse created in animated film strips by Walt Disney) }
{ Minnie_Mouse, fictional_animal,@i (the partner of Mickey Mouse) }
{ Donald_Duck, fictional_animal,@i (a fictional duck created in animated film strips by Walt Disney) }
{ Mighty_Mouse, fictional_animal,@i (a fictional mouse endowed with great strength and courage) }

{ muzzle, noun.body:face1,@ noun.body:head,#p (forward projecting part of the head of certain animals; includes the jaws and nose) }
{ snout, neb2, noun.body:nose,@ muzzle,#p (a long projecting or anterior elongation of an animal's head; especially the nose) }
{ snout2, rostrum, noun.body:nose,@ (beaklike projection of the anterior part of the head of certain insects such as e.g. weevils) }
{ proboscis, trunk1, snout,@ elephant,#p mammoth,#p (a long flexible snout as of an elephant) }

{ [ pachyderm, adj.pert:pachydermic,+ adj.pert:pachydermous,+ adj.pert:pachydermatous,+ adj.pert:pachydermal,+ ] placental_mammal,@ (any of various nonruminant hoofed mammals having very thick skin: elephant; rhinoceros; hippopotamus) }

{ Edentata, order_Edentata, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (order of mammals having few or no teeth including: New World anteaters; sloths; armadillos) }
{ edentate, placental_mammal,@ order_Edentata,#m (primitive terrestrial mammal with few if any teeth; of tropical Central America and South America) }
{ Xenarthra, suborder_Xenarthra, animal_order,@ order_Edentata,#m (armadillos; American anteaters; sloths) }
{ Dasypodidae, family_Dasypodidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Xenarthra,#m (armadillos) }
{ armadillo, edentate,@ family_Dasypodidae,#m (burrowing chiefly nocturnal mammal with body covered with strong horny plates) }
{ Dasypus, genus_Dasypus, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasypodidae,#m (type genus of the Dasypodidae) }
{ peba, nine-banded_armadillo, Texas_armadillo, Dasypus_novemcinctus, armadillo,@ genus_Dasypus,#m (having nine hinged bands of bony plates; ranges from Texas to Paraguay) }
{ Tolypeutes, genus_Tolypeutes, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasypodidae,#m (a genus of Dasypodidae) }
{ apar, three-banded_armadillo, Tolypeutes_tricinctus, armadillo,@ genus_Tolypeutes,#m (South American armadillo with three bands of bony plates) }
{ genus_Cabassous, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasypodidae,#m (solely the tatouay) }
{ tatouay, cabassous, Cabassous_unicinctus, armadillo,@ genus_Cabassous,#m (naked-tailed armadillo of tropical South America) }
{ Euphractus, genus_Euphractus, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasypodidae,#m (a genus of Dasypodidae) }
{ peludo, poyou, Euphractus_sexcinctus, armadillo,@ genus_Euphractus,#m (Argentine armadillo with six movable bands and hairy underparts) }
{ Priodontes, genus_Priodontes, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasypodidae,#m (solely the giant armadillo) }
{ giant_armadillo, tatou, tatu, Priodontes_giganteus, armadillo,@ (about three feet long exclusive of tail) }
{ Chlamyphorus, genus_Chlamyphorus, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasypodidae,#m (pichiciago) }
{ pichiciago, pichiciego, fairy_armadillo, chlamyphore, Chlamyphorus_truncatus, armadillo,@ genus_Chlamyphorus,#m (very small Argentine armadillo with pale silky hair and pink plates on head and neck) }
{ Burmeisteria, genus_Burmeisteria, mammal_genus,@ family_Dasypodidae,#m (a genus of Dasypodidae) }
{ greater_pichiciego, Burmeisteria_retusa, armadillo,@ genus_Burmeisteria,#m (of southern South America) }

{ Bradypodidae, family_Bradypodidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Xenarthra,#m (a family of edentates comprising the true sloths) }
{ sloth, tree_sloth, edentate,@ family_Bradypodidae,#m (any of several slow-moving arboreal mammals of South America and Central America; they hang from branches back downward and feed on leaves and fruits) }
{ Bradypus, genus_Bradypus, mammal_genus,@ family_Bradypodidae,#m (type genus of the Bradypodidae: three-toed sloths) }
{ three-toed_sloth, ai, Bradypus_tridactylus, sloth,@ genus_Bradypus,#m (a sloth that has three long claws on each forefoot and each hindfoot) }
{ Megalonychidae, family_Megalonychidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Xenarthra,#m (mammal family consisting of the two-toed sloths) }
{ Choloepus, genus_Choloepus, mammal_genus,@ family_Megalonychidae,#m (a genus of Megalonychidae consisting of the two-toed sloth) }
{ two-toed_sloth1, unau1, unai1, Choloepus_didactylus, sloth,@ genus_Choloepus,#m (relatively small fast-moving sloth with two long claws on each front foot) }
{ two-toed_sloth2, unau2, unai2, Choloepus_hoffmanni, sloth,@ genus_Choloepus,#m (a sloth of Central America that has two long claws on each forefoot and three long claws on each hindfoot) }

{ Megatheriidae, family_Megatheriidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Xenarthra,#m (extinct ground sloths) }
{ megatherian, megatheriid, megatherian_mammal, edentate,@ family_Megatheriidae,#m (a large extinct ground sloth) }
{ Megatherium, genus_Megatherium, mammal_genus,@ family_Megatheriidae,#m (type genus of the Megatheriidae) }
{ ground_sloth, megathere, megatherian,@ genus_Megatherium,#m (gigantic extinct terrestrial sloth-like mammal of the Pliocene and Pleistocene in America) }

{ Mylodontidae, family_Mylodontidae, mammal_family,@ order_Edentata,#m (extinct South American edentates) }
{ mylodontid, edentate,@ family_Mylodontidae,#m (a variety of extinct edentate) }
{ genus_Mylodon, mammal_genus,@ family_Mylodontidae,#m (type genus of the Mylodontidae; sometimes included in family Megatheriidae) }
{ mylodon, edentate,@ genus_Mylodon,#m (large (bear-sized) extinct edentate mammal of the Pleistocene in South America) }
{ mapinguari, mylodontid,@ family_Mylodontidae,#m (supposed human-sized sloth-like creature reportedly sighted by Indians in the Amazon rain forest) }

{ Myrmecophagidae, family_Myrmecophagidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Xenarthra,#m (New World anteaters) }
{ anteater, New_World_anteater, edentate,@ family_Myrmecophagidae,#m (any of several tropical American mammals of the family Myrmecophagidae which lack teeth and feed on ants and termites) }
{ Myrmecophaga, genus_Myrmecophaga, mammal_genus,@ family_Myrmecophagidae,#m (type genus of the Myrmecophagidae; South American ant bear) }
{ ant_bear2, giant_anteater, great_anteater, tamanoir, Myrmecophaga_jubata, anteater,@ genus_Myrmecophaga,#m (large shaggy-haired toothless anteater with long tongue and powerful claws; of South America) }
{ Cyclopes, genus_Cyclopes, mammal_genus,@ family_Myrmecophagidae,#m (only the silky anteater) }
{ silky_anteater, two-toed_anteater, Cyclopes_didactylus, anteater,@ genus_Cyclopes,#m (squirrel-sized South American toothless anteater with long silky golden fur) }
{ genus_Tamandua, mammal_genus,@ family_Myrmecophagidae,#m (lesser anteater) }
{ tamandua, tamandu, lesser_anteater, Tamandua_tetradactyla, anteater,@ genus_Tamandua,#m (small toothless anteater with prehensile tail and four-clawed forelimbs; of tropical South America and Central America) }

{ Pholidota, order_Pholidota, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (pangolins; in some former classifications included in the order Edentata) }
{ Manidae, family_Manidae, mammal_family,@ order_Pholidota,#m (coextensive with the order Pholidota) }
{ Manis, genus_Manis, mammal_genus,@ family_Manidae,#m (type genus of the Manidae) }
{ pangolin, scaly_anteater, anteater4, placental_mammal,@ genus_Manis,#m (toothless mammal of southern Africa and Asia having a body covered with horny scales and a long snout for feeding on ants and termites) }

{ pastern, fetter_bone, noun.body:bone,@ horse's_foot,#p (the part between the fetlock and the hoof) }
{ coronet, noun.body:animal_tissue,@ pastern,#p (margin between the skin of the pastern and the horn of the hoof) }
{ fetlock, noun.body:process,@ horse's_foot,#p (projection behind and above a horse's hoof) }
{ fetlock1, fetlock_joint, noun.body:joint,@ horse's_foot,#p (the joint between the cannon bone and the pastern) }
{ withers, noun.body:body_part,@ horse,#p ox2,#p deer,#p sheep,#p (the highest part of the back at the base of the neck of various animals especially draft animals) }
{ cannon, shank, noun.body:body_part,@ animal_leg,#p ungulate,#p (lower part of the leg extending from the hock to the fetlock in hoofed mammals) }
{ cannon_bone, noun.body:bone,@ cannon,#p (greatly developed metatarsal or metacarpal bone in the shank or cannon part of the leg in hoofed mammals) }
{ [ hock, verb.possession:hock,+ ] hock-joint, noun.body:joint,@ hind_leg,#p ungulate,#p (tarsal joint of the hind leg of hoofed mammals; corresponds to the human ankle) }
{ loin, [ lumbus, adj.pert:lumbar,+ ] noun.body:body_part,@ quadruped,#p human_being,#p (either side of the backbone between the hipbone and the ribs in humans as well as quadrupeds) }
{ hindquarters, croup, croupe, rump, noun.body:body_part,@ bird,#p quadruped,#p (the part of an animal that corresponds to the human buttocks) }
{ haunch, hindquarters,@ quadruped,#p (the loin and leg of a quadruped) }
{ gaskin, noun.body:body_part,@ hind_leg,#p horse,#p (lower part of a horse's thigh between the hock and the stifle) }
{ stifle, knee1, noun.body:joint,@ hind_leg,#p (joint between the femur and tibia in a quadruped; corresponds to the human knee) }
{ flank, noun.body:body_part,@ quadruped,#p (the side between ribs and hipbone) }
{ animal_leg, noun.body:leg2,@ quadruped,#p biped,#p (the leg of an animal) }
{ hind_limb, hindlimb, noun.body:limb,@ (a posterior appendage such as a leg or the homologous structure in other animals) }
{ hind_leg, hind_limb,@ quadruped,#p (the back limb of a quadruped) }
{ forelimb, noun.body:limb,@ (the front limb (or the homologous structure in other animals, such as a flipper or wing)) }
{ foreleg, forelimb,@ quadruped,#p (the forelimb of a quadruped) }
{ [ flipper, verb.contact:flip5,+ ] noun.body:limb,@ aquatic_vertebrate,#p aquatic_mammal,#p (the flat broad limb of aquatic animals specialized for swimming) }
{ parapodium, noun.body:appendage,@ (one of a pair of fleshy appendages of a polychete annelid that functions in locomotion and breathing) }
{ [ sucker2, verb.consumption:suck2,+ ] noun.body:organ,@ (an organ specialized for sucking nourishment or for adhering to objects by suction) }
{ [ cupule, adj.all:concave^cupular,+ ] sucker2,@ (a sucker on the feet of certain flies) }
{ [ stinger, verb.perception:sting2,+ verb.perception:sting,+ verb.contact:sting1,+ ] noun.body:organ,@ (a sharp organ of offense or defense (as of a wasp or stingray or scorpion) often connected with a poison gland) }
{ lateral_line, lateral_line_organ, noun.body:sense_organ,@ fish,#p amphibian,#p (sense organs of fish and amphibians; believed to detect pressure changes in the water) }
{ [ fin, verb.motion:fin,+ verb.motion:fin1,+ ] noun.body:extremity,@ fish,#p (organ of locomotion and balance in fishes and some other aquatic animals) }
{ dorsal_fin, fin,@ (unpaired median fin on the backs of fishes and some other aquatic vertebrates that help to maintain balance) }
{ pectoral_fin, fin,@ (either of a pair of fins situated just behind the head in fishes that help control the direction of movement) }
{ pelvic_fin, ventral_fin, fin,@ (either of a pair of fins attached to the pelvic girdle in fishes that help control the direction of movement; correspond to hind limbs of a land vertebrate) }
{ tail_fin, caudal_fin, fin,@ fish,#p (the tail of fishes and some other aquatic vertebrates) }
{ [ heterocercal_fin, homocercal_fin,!] tail_fin,@ (a tail fin with unequal lobes in which the vertebral column turns upward into the larger lobe as in sharks) }
{ [ homocercal_fin, heterocercal_fin,!] tail_fin,@ (symmetrical tail fin extending beyond the end of the vertebral column as in most bony fishes) }
{ fishbone, noun.body:bone,@ fish,#p (a bone of a fish) }
{ air_bladder, swim_bladder, float, noun.body:sac,@ (an air-filled sac near the spinal column in many fishes that helps maintain buoyancy) }
{ air_sac1, noun.body:sac,@ bird,#p (any of the membranous air-filled extensions of the lungs of birds) }
{ air_sac2, noun.body:sac,@ insect,#p (any of the thin-walled extensions of the tracheae of insects) }
{ uropygial_gland, preen_gland, noun.body:oil_gland,@ bird,#p (oil-secreting gland situated at the base of the tail in most birds) }
{ silk_gland, serictery, sericterium, noun.body:gland,@ silkworm1,#p silkworm2,#p (silk-producing gland of insects (especially of a silkworm) or spiders) }
{ elbow1, noun.body:joint,@ foreleg,#p (the joint of a mammal or bird that corresponds to the human elbow) }
{ chestnut1, noun.state:callus,@ (a small horny callus on the inner surface of a horse's leg) }
{ quill2, calamus1, shaft, noun.body:rib2,@ feather,#p (the hollow spine of a feather) }
{ vein, nervure2, noun.body:rib2,@ (one of the horny ribs that stiffen and support the wing of an insect) }
{ flight_feather, [ pinion2, verb.change:pinion,+ ] quill3, quill_feather, feather,@ wing,#p (any of the larger wing or tail feathers of a bird) }
{ primary, primary_feather, primary_quill, flight_feather,@ (one of the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a bird's wing) }
{ scapular, feather,@ (a feather covering the shoulder of a bird) }
{ tail_feather, flight_feather,@ (feather growing from the tail (uropygium) of a bird) }

{ tadpole, polliwog, pollywog, larva,@ class_Amphibia,#m (a larval frog or toad) }

{ Primates, order_Primates, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (an animal order including lemurs and tarsiers and monkeys and apes and human beings) }
{ primate, placental_mammal,@ order_Primates,#m (any placental mammal of the order Primates; has good eyesight and flexible hands and feet) }
{ [ simian, adj.pert:simian,+ ] primate,@ (an ape or monkey) }
{ ape, primate,@ (any of various primates with short tails or no tail at all) }

{ Anthropoidea, suborder_Anthropoidea, animal_order,@ order_Primates,#m (monkeys; apes; hominids) }
{ [ anthropoid, adj.all:nonhuman^anthropoid2,+ adj.all:human^anthropoid1,+ adj.all:nonhuman^anthropoidal,+ ] primate,@ (any member of the suborder Anthropoidea including monkeys and apes and hominids) }
{ anthropoid_ape, ape,@ suborder_Anthropoidea,#m (any tailless ape of the families Pongidae and Hylobatidae) }
{ Hominoidea, superfamily_Hominoidea, noun.group:class2,@ suborder_Anthropoidea,#m (anthropoid apes and human beings) }
{ hominoid, primate,@ superfamily_Hominoidea,#m (a primate of the superfamily Hominoidea) }
{ Hominidae, family_Hominidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Anthropoidea,#m (modern man and extinct immediate ancestors of man) }
{ [ hominid, adj.all:human^hominid,+ ] primate,@ family_Hominidae,#m (a primate of the family Hominidae) }
{ genus_Homo, mammal_genus,@ family_Hominidae,#m (type genus of the family Hominidae) }
{ homo, man1, human_being, [ human, adj.pert:human,+ adj.all:human,+ ] hominid,@ genus_Homo,#m (any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage) }
{ world, human_race, humanity, humankind, human_beings, humans, mankind, man, homo,@ noun.Tops:group,@  (all of the living human inhabitants of the earth; "all the world loves a lover"; "she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women") }
{ Homo_erectus, homo,@ genus_Homo,#m (extinct species of primitive hominid with upright stature but small brain; "Homo erectus was formerly called Pithecanthropus erectus") }
{ Pithecanthropus, Pithecanthropus_erectus, genus_Pithecanthropus, hominid,@ (former genus of primitive apelike men now Homo erectus) }
{ Java_man, Trinil_man, Homo_erectus,@ (fossil remains found in Java; formerly called Pithecanthropus erectus) }
{ Peking_man, Homo_erectus,@ (fossils found near Beijing, China; they were lost during World War II) }
{ Sinanthropus, genus_Sinanthropus, hominid,@ (genus to which Peking man was formerly assigned) }
{ Homo_soloensis, homo,@ genus_Homo,#m (extinct primitive hominid of late Pleistocene; Java; formerly Javanthropus) }
{ Javanthropus, genus_Javanthropus, hominid,@ (former genus of primitive man; now Homo soloensis: comprises Solo man) }
{ Solo_man, Homo_soloensis,@ (early man of late Pleistocene; skull resembles that of Neanderthal man but with smaller cranial capacity; found in Java) }
{ Homo_habilis, homo,@ genus_Homo,#m (extinct species of upright East African hominid having some advanced humanlike characteristics) }
{ Homo_sapiens, homo,@ genus_Homo,#m (the only surviving hominid; species to which modern man belongs; bipedal primate having language and ability to make and use complex tools; brain volume at least 1400 cc) }
{ Neandertal_man, Neanderthal_man, [ Neandertal, adj.pert:neandertal,+ ] [ Neanderthal, adj.pert:neanderthal,+ adj.pert:neanderthalian,+ ] Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis, homo,@ genus_Homo,#m (extinct robust human of Middle Paleolithic in Europe and western Asia) }
{ Cro-magnon, Homo_sapiens,@ genus_Homo,#m (extinct human of Upper Paleolithic in Europe) }
{ Boskop_man, Homo_sapiens,@ genus_Homo,#m (possible early Homo sapiens represented by a cranium found in the Transvaal; formerly considered a separate species) }
{ Homo_sapiens_sapiens, modern_man, Homo_sapiens,@ genus_Homo,#m (subspecies of Homo sapiens; includes all modern races) }
{ genus_Australopithecus, Australopithecus, mammal_genus,@ family_Hominidae,#m (extinct genus of African hominid) }
{ Plesianthropus, genus_Plesianthropus, mammal_genus,@ family_Hominidae,#m (former name for the genus Australopithecus) }
{ [ australopithecine, adj.pert:australopithecine,+ ] hominid,@ genus_Australopithecus,#m (any of several extinct humanlike bipedal primates with relatively small brains of the genus Australopithecus; from 1 to 4 million years ago) }
{ Australopithecus_afarensis, australopithecine,@ genus_Australopithecus,#m (fossils found in Ethiopia; from 3.5 to 4 million years ago) }
{ Lucy, Australopithecus_afarensis,@i genus_Australopithecus,#m (incomplete skeleton of female found in eastern Ethiopia in 1974) }
{ Australopithecus_africanus, australopithecine,@ genus_Australopithecus,#m (gracile hominid of southern Africa; from about 3 million years ago) }
{ Australopithecus_boisei, australopithecine,@ genus_Australopithecus,#m (large-toothed hominid of eastern Africa; from 1 to 2 million years ago) }
{ Zinjanthropus, genus_Zinjanthropus, australopithecine,@ (genus to which Australopithecus boisei was formerly assigned) }
{ Australopithecus_robustus, australopithecine,@ genus_Australopithecus,#m (large-toothed hominid of southern Africa; from 1.5 to 2 million years ago; formerly Paranthropus) }
{ Paranthropus, genus_Paranthropus, australopithecine,@ (former classification for Australopithecus robustus) }
{ genus_Sivapithecus, mammal_genus,@ family_Hominidae,#m (extinct primates; lower Pliocene) }
{ Sivapithecus, hominid,@ genus_Sivapithecus,#m (fossil primates found in India) }
{ Dryopithecus, genus_Dryopithecus, mammal_genus,@ family_Hominidae,#m (genus of Old World hominoids; Miocene and Pliocene) }
{ dryopithecine, hominid,@ genus_Dryopithecus,#m (considered a possible ancestor to both anthropoid apes and humans) }
{ rudapithecus, Dryopithecus_Rudapithecus_hungaricus, dryopithecine,@ genus_Dryopithecus,#m (fossil hominoids from northern central Hungary; late Miocene) }
{ Ouranopithecus, genus_Ouranopithecus, mammal_genus,@ family_Hominidae,#m (a genus of Hominidae) }
{ Lufengpithecus, genus_Lufengpithecus, mammal_genus,@ family_Hominidae,#m (a genus of Hominidae) }
{ genus_Proconsul, mammal_genus,@ superfamily_Hominoidea,#m (genus of extinct primitive African primates of the Miocene epoch; sometimes considered a subgenus of Dryopithecus) }
{ proconsul, hominoid,@ genus_Proconsul,#m (an anthropoid ape of the genus Proconsul) }
{ Kenyapithecus, genus_Kenyapithecus, mammal_genus,@ superfamily_Hominoidea,#m (extinct primate having powerful chewing muscles along with large molars and small incisors; fossils found in Kenya) } (==Anthropoidea?)
{ genus_Aegyptopithecus, mammal_genus,@ superfamily_Hominoidea,#m (a genus of Hominoidea) }
{ Aegyptopithecus, hominoid,@ genus_Aegyptopithecus,#m (extinct primate of about 38 million years ago; fossils found in Egypt) } (==Anthropoidea?)
{ Algeripithecus, genus_Algeripithecus, mammal_genus,@ superfamily_Hominoidea,#m (an extinct genus of Hominoidea) } (==Anthropoidea?)
{ Algeripithecus_minutus, hominoid,@ genus_Algeripithecus,#m (tiny (150 to 300 grams) extinct primate of 46 to 50 million years ago; fossils found in Algeria; considered by some authorities the leading candidate for the first anthropoid) }

{ Pongidae, family_Pongidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Anthropoidea,#m (usually considered as comprising orangutans; gorillas; chimpanzees; and sometimes gibbons) }
{ great_ape, pongid, anthropoid_ape,@ family_Pongidae,#m (any of the large anthropoid apes of the family Pongidae) }

{ Pongo, genus_Pongo, mammal_genus,@ family_Pongidae,#m (type genus of the family Pongidae: orangutans) }
{ orangutan, orang, orangutang, Pongo_pygmaeus, great_ape,@ genus_Pongo,#m (large long-armed ape of Borneo and Sumatra having arboreal habits) }

{ genus_Gorilla, mammal_genus,@ family_Pongidae,#m (gorillas) }
{ gorilla, Gorilla_gorilla, great_ape,@ genus_Gorilla,#m (largest anthropoid ape; terrestrial and vegetarian; of forests of central west Africa) }
{ western_lowland_gorilla, Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla, gorilla,@ genus_Gorilla,#m (a kind of gorilla) }
{ eastern_lowland_gorilla, Gorilla_gorilla_grauri, gorilla,@ genus_Gorilla,#m (a kind of gorilla) }
{ mountain_gorilla, Gorilla_gorilla_beringei, gorilla,@ genus_Gorilla,#m (gorilla of Kivu highlands) }
{ silverback, gorilla,@ genus_Gorilla,#m (an adult male gorilla with grey hairs across the back) }

{ Pan, genus_Pan, mammal_genus,@ family_Pongidae,#m (chimpanzees; more closely related to Australopithecus than to other pongids) }
{ chimpanzee, chimp, Pan_troglodytes, great_ape,@ genus_Pan,#m (intelligent somewhat arboreal ape of equatorial African forests) }
{ western_chimpanzee, Pan_troglodytes_verus, chimpanzee,@ (masked or pale-faced chimpanzees of western Africa; distantly related to the eastern and central chimpanzees; possibly a distinct species) }
{ eastern_chimpanzee, Pan_troglodytes_schweinfurthii, chimpanzee,@ (long-haired chimpanzees of east-central Africa; closely related to the central chimpanzees) }
{ central_chimpanzee, Pan_troglodytes_troglodytes, chimpanzee,@ (black-faced chimpanzees of central Africa; closely related to eastern chimpanzees) }
{ pygmy_chimpanzee, bonobo, Pan_paniscus, chimpanzee,@ genus_Pan,#m (small chimpanzee of swamp forests in Zaire; a threatened species) }

{ Hylobatidae, family_Hylobatidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Anthropoidea,#m (used in some classifications for the lesser apes (gibbons and siamangs); sometimes considered a subfamily of Pongidae) }
{ lesser_ape, anthropoid_ape,@ family_Hylobatidae,#m (gibbons and siamangs) }
{ Hylobates, genus_Hylobates, mammal_genus,@ family_Hylobatidae,#m (gibbons) }
{ gibbon, Hylobates_lar, lesser_ape,@ genus_Hylobates,#m (smallest and most perfectly anthropoid arboreal ape having long arms and no tail; of southern Asia and East Indies) }
{ Symphalangus, genus_Symphalangus, mammal_genus,@ family_Hylobatidae,#m (used in some classifications for the siamangs) }
{ siamang, Hylobates_syndactylus, Symphalangus_syndactylus, lesser_ape,@ genus_Hylobates,#m (large black gibbon of Sumatra having the 2nd and 3rd toes partially united by a web) }

{ Cercopithecidae, family_Cercopithecidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Anthropoidea,#m (Old World monkeys: guenon; baboon; colobus monkey; langur; macaque; mandrill; mangabey; patas; proboscis monkey) }
{ monkey, primate,@ (any of various long-tailed primates (excluding the prosimians)) }
{ Old_World_monkey, [ catarrhine, adj.all:catarrhinian,+ ] monkey,@ family_Cercopithecidae,#m (of Africa or Arabia or Asia; having nonprehensile tails and nostrils close together) }
{ Cercopithecus, genus_Cercopithecus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cercopithecidae,#m (type genus of the Cercopithecidae: guenons) }
{ guenon, guenon_monkey, Old_World_monkey,@ genus_Cercopithecus,#m (small slender African monkey having long hind limbs and tail and long hair around the face) }
{ talapoin, Cercopithecus_talapoin, guenon,@ (smallest guenon monkey; of swampy central and west African forests) }
{ grivet, Cercopithecus_aethiops, guenon,@ (white and olive green East African monkey with long white tufts of hair beside the face) }
{ vervet, vervet_monkey, Cercopithecus_aethiops_pygerythrus, guenon,@ (South African monkey with black face and hands) }
{ green_monkey, African_green_monkey, Cercopithecus_aethiops_sabaeus, guenon,@ (common savannah monkey with greenish-grey back and yellow tail) }
{ Cercocebus, genus_Cercocebus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cercopithecidae,#m (mangabeys) }
{ mangabey, Old_World_monkey,@ genus_Cercocebus,#m (large agile arboreal monkey with long limbs and tail and white upper eyelids) }
{ Erythrocebus, genus_Erythrocebus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cercopithecidae,#m (patas) }
{ patas, hussar_monkey, Erythrocebus_patas, Old_World_monkey,@ genus_Erythrocebus,#m (reddish long-tailed monkey of west Africa) }
{ baboon, Old_World_monkey,@ (large terrestrial monkeys having doglike muzzles) }
{ Papio, genus_Papio, mammal_genus,@ family_Cercopithecidae,#m (baboons) }
{ chacma, chacma_baboon, Papio_ursinus, baboon,@ (greyish baboon of southern and eastern Africa) }
{ Mandrillus, genus_Mandrillus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cercopithecidae,#m (baboons) }
{ mandrill, Mandrillus_sphinx, baboon,@ genus_Mandrillus,#m (baboon of west Africa with a bright red and blue muzzle and blue hindquarters) }
{ drill, Mandrillus_leucophaeus, baboon,@ (similar to the mandrill but smaller and less brightly colored) }
{ Macaca, genus_Macaca, mammal_genus,@ family_Cercopithecidae,#m (macaques; rhesus monkeys) }
{ macaque, Old_World_monkey,@ genus_Macaca,#m (short-tailed monkey of rocky regions of Asia and Africa) }
{ rhesus, rhesus_monkey, Macaca_mulatta, macaque,@ (of southern Asia; used in medical research) }
{ bonnet_macaque, bonnet_monkey, capped_macaque, crown_monkey, Macaca_radiata, macaque,@ (Indian macaque with a bonnet-like tuft of hair) }
{ Barbary_ape, Macaca_sylvana, macaque,@ (tailless macaque of rocky cliffs and forests of northwestern Africa and Gibraltar) }
{ crab-eating_macaque, croo_monkey, Macaca_irus, macaque,@ (monkey of southeast Asia, Borneo and the Philippines) }
{ Presbytes, genus_Presbytes, mammal_Semnopithecus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cercopithecidae,#m (langurs) }
{ langur, Old_World_monkey,@ genus_Presbytes,#m (slender long-tailed monkey of Asia) }
{ entellus, hanuman, Presbytes_entellus, Semnopithecus_entellus, langur,@ (langur of southern Asia; regarded as sacred in India) }
{ genus_Colobus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cercopithecidae,#m (a genus of Cercopithecidae) }
{ colobus, colobus_monkey, Old_World_monkey,@ genus_Colobus,#m (arboreal monkey of western and central Africa with long silky fur and reduced thumbs) }
{ guereza, Colobus_guereza, colobus_monkey,@ (a colobus monkey with a reddish brown coat and white silky fringes down both sides of the body) }
{ Nasalis, genus_Nasalis, mammal_genus,@ family_Cercopithecidae,#m (proboscis monkeys) }
{ proboscis_monkey, Nasalis_larvatus, Old_World_monkey,@ (Borneo monkey having a long bulbous nose) }

{ Platyrrhini, superfamily_Platyrrhini, mammal_family,@ suborder_Anthropoidea,#m (New World monkeys: capuchin; douroucouli; howler monkey; saki; spider monkey; squirrel monkey; titi; uakari; woolly monkey; marmoset; tamarin) }
{ New_World_monkey, [ platyrrhine, adj.all:platyrrhinian,+ adj.all:platyrhinian,+ adj.all:platyrrhinic,+ ] platyrrhinian, monkey,@ superfamily_Platyrrhini,#m (hairy-faced arboreal monkeys having widely separated nostrils and long usually prehensile tails) }
{ Callithricidae, family_Callithricidae, mammal_family,@ superfamily_Platyrrhini,#m (marmosets) }
{ marmoset, New_World_monkey,@ family_Callithricidae,#m (small soft-furred South American and Central American monkey with claws instead of nails) }
{ Callithrix, genus_Callithrix, mammal_genus,@ family_Callithricidae,#m (type genus of the Callithricidae: true marmosets) }
{ true_marmoset, marmoset,@ genus_Callithrix,#m (a marmoset) }
{ Cebuella, genus_Cebuella, mammal_genus,@ family_Callithricidae,#m (pygmy marmosets) }
{ pygmy_marmoset, Cebuella_pygmaea, marmoset,@ genus_Cebuella,#m (the smallest monkey; of tropical forests of the Amazon) }
{ Leontocebus, genus_Leontocebus, genus_Leontideus, mammal_genus,@ family_Callithricidae,#m (tamarins) }
{ tamarin, lion_monkey, lion_marmoset, leoncita, marmoset,@ genus_Leontocebus,#m (small South American marmoset with silky fur and long nonprehensile tail) }
{ silky_tamarin, Leontocebus_rosalia, tamarin,@ (golden South American monkey with long soft hair forming a mane) }
{ pinche, Leontocebus_oedipus, tamarin,@ (South American tamarin with a tufted head) }
{ Cebidae, family_Cebidae, mammal_family,@ superfamily_Platyrrhini,#m (all the New World monkeys except marmosets and tamarins) }
{ Cebus, genus_Cebus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cebidae,#m (type genus of the Cebidae) }
{ capuchin, ringtail4, Cebus_capucinus, New_World_monkey,@ genus_Cebus,#m (monkey of Central America and South America having thick hair on the head that resembles a monk's cowl) }
{ Aotus, genus_Aotus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cebidae,#m (douroucoulis) }
{ douroucouli, Aotus_trivirgatus, New_World_monkey,@ genus_Aotus,#m (nocturnal monkey of Central America and South America with large eyes and thick fur) }
{ Alouatta, genus_Alouatta, mammal_genus,@ family_Cebidae,#m (howler monkeys) }
{ howler_monkey, [ howler, verb.communication:howl3,+ ] New_World_monkey,@ genus_Alouatta,#m (monkey of tropical South American forests having a loud howling cry) }
{ Pithecia, genus_Pithecia, mammal_genus,@ family_Cebidae,#m (sakis) }
{ saki, New_World_monkey,@ genus_Pithecia,#m (small arboreal monkey of tropical South America with long hair and bushy nonprehensile tail) }
{ Cacajao, genus_Cacajao, mammal_genus,@ family_Cebidae,#m (uakaris) }
{ uakari, New_World_monkey,@ genus_Cacajao,#m (medium-sized tree-dwelling monkey of the Amazon basin; only New World monkey with a short tail) }
{ Callicebus, genus_Callicebus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cebidae,#m (titis) }
{ titi, titi_monkey, New_World_monkey,@ genus_Callicebus,#m (small South American monkeys with long beautiful fur and long nonprehensile tail) }
{ Ateles, genus_Ateles, mammal_genus,@ family_Cebidae,#m (spider monkeys) }
{ spider_monkey, Ateles_geoffroyi, New_World_monkey,@ genus_Ateles,#m (arboreal monkey of tropical America with long slender legs and long prehensile tail) }
{ Saimiri, genus_Saimiri, mammal_genus,@ family_Cebidae,#m (squirrel monkeys) }
{ squirrel_monkey, Saimiri_sciureus, New_World_monkey,@ (small long-tailed monkey of Central American and South America with greenish fur and black muzzle) }
{ Lagothrix, genus_Lagothrix, mammal_genus,@ family_Cebidae,#m (woolly monkeys) }
{ woolly_monkey, New_World_monkey,@ genus_Lagothrix,#m (large monkeys with dark skin and woolly fur of the Amazon and Orinoco basins) }

{ Scandentia, order_Scandentia, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (a small order comprising only the tree shrews: in some classifications tree shrews are considered either primates (and included in the suborder Prosimii) or true insectivores (and included in the order Insectivora)) }
{ Tupaiidae, family_Tupaiidae, mammal_family,@ order_Scandentia,#m (tree shrews; in some classifications tree shrews are considered prosimian primates) }
{ Tupaia, genus_Tupaia, mammal_genus,@ family_Tupaiidae,#m (the type genus of the Tupaia: chief genus of tree shrews) }
{ tree_shrew, placental_mammal,@ family_Tupaiidae,#m (insectivorous arboreal mammal of southeast Asia that resembles a squirrel with large eyes and long sharp snout) }
{ Ptilocercus, genus_Ptilocercus, mammal_genus,@ family_Tupaiidae,#m (pentails) }
{ pentail, pen-tail, pen-tailed_tree_shrew, tree_shrew,@ genus_Ptilocercus,#m (brown tree shrew having a naked tail bilaterally fringed with long stiff hairs on the distal third; of Malaysia) }

{ Prosimii, suborder_Prosimii, animal_order,@ order_Primates,#m (not used in all classifications; in some classifications considered coextensive with the Lemuroidea; in others includes both Lemuroidea and Tarsioidea) }
{ prosimian, primate,@ suborder_Prosimii,#m (primitive primates having large ears and eyes and characterized by nocturnal habits) }

{ Adapid, Adapid_group, noun.group:taxonomic_group,@ order_Primates,#m (extinct small mostly diurnal lower primates that fed on leaves and fruit; abundant in North America and Europe 30 to 50 million years ago; their descendents probably include the lemurs; some authorities consider them ancestral to anthropoids but others consider them only cousins) }
{ Lemuroidea, suborder_Lemuroidea, animal_order,@ order_Primates,#m (Lemuridae; Lorisidae; Daubentoniidae; Indriidae; used in some classifications instead of Prosimii; in others considered a subdivision of Prosimii) }
{ lemur, primate,@ suborder_Lemuroidea,#m (large-eyed arboreal prosimian having foxy faces and long furry tails) }
{ Strepsirhini, suborder_Strepsirhini, animal_order,@ order_Primates,#m (in some classifications either coextensive with the Lemuroidea or comprising the true lemurs) }
{ Lemuridae, family_Lemuridae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Lemuroidea,#m (typical lemurs; of Madagascar) }
{ genus_Lemur, mammal_genus,@ family_Lemuridae,#m (type genus of the Lemuridae) }
{ Madagascar_cat, ring-tailed_lemur, Lemur_catta, lemur,@ genus_Lemur,#m (small lemur having its tail barred with black) }

{ Daubentoniidae, family_Daubentoniidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Lemuroidea,@ (comprising solely the aye-aye) }
{ Daubentonia, genus_Daubentonia, mammal_genus,@ family_Daubentoniidae,#m (type genus; coextensive with the family Daubentoniidae) }
{ aye-aye, Daubentonia_madagascariensis, lemur,@ genus_Daubentonia,#m (nocturnal lemur with long bony fingers and rodent-like incisor teeth closely related to the lemurs) }

{ Lorisidae, family_Lorisidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Lemuroidea,#m (slow-moving omnivorous nocturnal primates of tropical Asia; usually tailless) }
{ genus_Loris, mammal_genus,@ family_Lorisidae,#m (type genus of the Lorisidae) }
{ slender_loris, Loris_gracilis, lemur,@ genus_Loris,#m (slim-bodied lemur of southern India and Sri Lanka) }
{ Nycticebus, genus_Nycticebus, mammal_genus,@ family_Lorisidae,#m (a genus of Lorisidae) }
{ slow_loris, Nycticebus_tardigradua, Nycticebus_pygmaeus, lemur,@ genus_Nycticebus,#m (stocky lemur of southeastern Asia) }
{ Perodicticus, genus_Perodicticus, mammal_genus,@ family_Lorisidae,#m (a genus of Lorisidae) }
{ potto1, kinkajou1, Perodicticus_potto, lemur,@ genus_Perodicticus,#m (a kind of lemur) }
{ Arctocebus, genus_Arctocebus, mammal_genus,@ family_Lorisidae,#m (a genus of Lorisidae) }
{ angwantibo, golden_potto, Arctocebus_calabarensis, lemur,@ genus_Arctocebus,#m (a kind of lemur) }
{ genus_Galago, mammal_genus,@ family_Lorisidae,#m (bush babies) }
{ galago, bushbaby, bush_baby, lemur,@ genus_Galago,#m (agile long-tailed nocturnal African lemur with dense woolly fur and large eyes and ears) }

{ Indriidae, family_Indriidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Lemuroidea,#m (a family of Lemuroidea) }
{ genus_Indri, mammal_genus,@ family_Indriidae,#m (type genus of the Indriidae) }
{ indri1, indris, Indri_indri, Indri_brevicaudatus, lemur,@ genus_Indri,#m (large short-tailed lemur of Madagascar having thick silky fur in black and white and fawn) }
{ Avahi, genus_Avahi, mammal_genus,@ family_Indriidae,#m (a genus of Indriidae) }
{ woolly_indris, Avahi_laniger, lemur,@ genus_Avahi,#m (nocturnal indris with thick grey-brown fur and a long tail) }

{ Omomyid, Omomyid_group, noun.group:taxonomic_group,@ order_Primates,#m (extinct tiny nocturnal lower primates that fed on fruit and insects; abundant in North America and Europe 30 to 50 million years ago; probably gave rise to the tarsiers; some authorities consider them ancestral to anthropoids but others consider them only cousins) }
{ Tarsioidea, suborder_Tarsioidea, animal_order,@ order_Primates,#m (in some classifications assigned to the suborder Prosimii) }
{ Tarsiidae, family_Tarsiidae, mammal_family,@ suborder_Tarsioidea,#m (coextensive with the genus Tarsius: tarsiers) }
{ Tarsius, genus_Tarsius, mammal_genus,@ family_Tarsiidae,#m (type and sole genus of the family Tarsiidae) }
{ tarsier, primate,@ genus_Tarsius,#m (nocturnal arboreal primate of Indonesia and the Philippines having huge eyes and digits ending in pads to facilitate climbing; the only primate that spurns all plant material as food living entirely on insects and small vertebrates) }
{ Tarsius_syrichta, tarsier,@ (a variety of tarsier) }
{ Tarsius_glis, tarsier,@ (a variety of tarsier) }

{ Dermoptera, order_Dermoptera, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (flying lemurs) }
{ Cynocephalidae, family_Cynocephalidae, mammal_family,@ order_Dermoptera,#m (a family of Dermoptera) }
{ Cynocephalus, genus_Cynocephalus, mammal_genus,@ family_Cynocephalidae,#m (type genus of the family Cynocephalidae) }
{ flying_lemur, flying_cat2, colugo, placental_mammal,@ genus_Cynocephalus,#m (arboreal nocturnal mammal of southeast Asia and the Philippines resembling a lemur and having a fold of skin on each side from neck to tail that is used for long gliding leaps) }
{ Cynocephalus_variegatus, flying_lemur,@ (a variety of flying lemur) }

{ Proboscidea, order_Proboscidea, animal_order,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (an order of animals including elephants and mammoths) }
{ proboscidean, proboscidian, placental_mammal,@ order_Proboscidea,#m (massive herbivorous mammals having tusks and a long trunk) }
{ Elephantidae, family_Elephantidae, mammal_family,@ order_Proboscidea,#m (elephants) }
{ elephant, proboscidean,@ pachyderm,@ family_Elephantidae,#m (five-toed pachyderm) }
{ rogue_elephant, elephant,@ (a wild and vicious elephant separated from the herd) }
{ Elephas, genus_Elephas, mammal_genus,@ family_Elephantidae,#m (type genus of the family Elephantidae) }
{ Indian_elephant, Elephas_maximus, elephant,@ genus_Elephas,#m (Asian elephant having smaller ears and tusks primarily in the male) }
{ white_elephant, Indian_elephant,@ (albinic Indian elephant; rare and sometimes venerated in east Asia) }
{ Loxodonta, genus_Loxodonta, mammal_genus,@ family_Elephantidae,#m (a genus of Elephantidae) }
{ African_elephant, Loxodonta_africana, elephant,@ genus_Loxodonta,#m (an elephant native to Africa having enormous flapping ears and ivory tusks) }
{ Mammuthus, genus_Mammuthus, mammal_genus,@ family_Elephantidae,#m (extinct genus: mammoths) }
{ [ mammoth, adj.all:large^mammoth1,+ ] elephant,@ genus_Mammuthus,#m (any of numerous extinct elephants widely distributed in the Pleistocene; extremely large with hairy coats and long upcurved tusks) }
{ woolly_mammoth, northern_mammoth, Mammuthus_primigenius, mammoth,@ (very hairy mammoth common in colder portions of the northern hemisphere) }
{ columbian_mammoth, Mammuthus_columbi, mammoth,@ (a variety of mammoth) }
{ Archidiskidon, genus_Archidiskidon, mammal_genus,@ family_Elephantidae,#m (a genus of Elephantidae) }
{ imperial_mammoth, imperial_elephant, Archidiskidon_imperator, mammoth,@ genus_Archidiskidon,#m (largest known mammoth; of America) }
{ Mammutidae, family_Mammutidae, family_Mastodontidae, mammal_family,@ order_Proboscidea,#m (extinct family: mastodons) }
{ Mammut, genus_Mammut, genus_Mastodon, mammal_genus,@ family_Mammutidae,#m (extinct type genus of the Mammutidae: mastodons) }
{ mastodon, mastodont, proboscidean,@ genus_Mammut,#m (extinct elephant-like mammal that flourished worldwide from Miocene through Pleistocene times; differ from mammoths in the form of the molar teeth) }
{ American_mastodon, American_mastodont, Mammut_americanum, mastodon,@ genus_Mammut,#m (mastodon of North America; in some classifications considered a mammoth rather than a mastodon) }
{ Gomphotheriidae, family_Gomphotheriidae, mammal_family,@ order_Proboscidea,#m (elephants extinct since the Pleistocene) }
{ Gomphotherium, genus_Gomphotherium, mammal_genus,@ family_Gomphotheriidae,#m (type genus of the Gomphotheriidae) }
{ gomphothere, elephant,@ genus_Gomphotherium,#m (extinct elephants of Central American and South America; of the Miocene and Pleistocene) }

{ [ plantigrade_mammal, digitigrade_mammal,!] plantigrade, placental_mammal,@ (an animal that walks with the entire sole of the foot touching the ground as e.g. bears and human beings) }
{ [ digitigrade_mammal, plantigrade_mammal,!] digitigrade, placental_mammal,@ (an animal that walks so that only the toes touch the ground as e.g. dogs and cats and horses) }

{ Procyonidae, family_Procyonidae, mammal_family,@ order_Carnivora,#m (raccoons; coatis; cacomistles; kinkajous; and sometimes pandas) }
{ procyonid, carnivore,@ family_Procyonidae,#m (plantigrade carnivorous mammals) }
{ Procyon, genus_Procyon, mammal_genus,@ family_Procyonidae,#m (the type genus of the family Procyonidae: raccoons) }
{ raccoon, racoon, procyonid,@ genus_Procyon,#m (an omnivorous nocturnal mammal native to North America and Central America) }
{ common_raccoon, common_racoon, coon, ringtail2, Procyon_lotor, raccoon,@ (North American raccoon) }
{ crab-eating_raccoon, Procyon_cancrivorus, raccoon,@ (a South American raccoon) }
{ Bassariscidae, subfamily_Bassariscidae, mammal_family,@ family_Procyonidae,#m (in some classifications considered a separate family) }
{ Bassariscus, genus_Bassariscus, mammal_genus,@ family_Procyonidae,#m (cacomistles) }
{ bassarisk, cacomistle, cacomixle, coon_cat2, raccoon_fox, ringtail3, ring-tailed_cat, civet_cat2, miner's_cat, Bassariscus_astutus, procyonid,@ genus_Bassariscus,#m (raccoon-like omnivorous mammal of Mexico and the southwestern United States having a long bushy tail with black and white rings) }
{ Potos, genus_Potos, mammal_genus,@ family_Procyonidae,#m (a genus of Procyonidae) }
{ kinkajou2, honey_bear, potto2, Potos_flavus, Potos_caudivolvulus, procyonid,@ genus_Potos,#m (arboreal fruit-eating mammal of tropical America with a long prehensile tail) }
{ Nasua, genus_Nasua, mammal_genus,@ family_Procyonidae,#m (coatis) }
{ coati, coati-mondi, coati-mundi, coon_cat1, Nasua_narica, procyonid,@ genus_Nasua,#m (omnivorous mammal of Central America and South America) }
{ Ailurus, genus_Ailurus, mammal_genus,@ family_Procyonidae,#m (lesser pandas) }
{ lesser_panda, red_panda, panda2, bear_cat, cat_bear, Ailurus_fulgens, procyonid,@ genus_Ailurus,#m (reddish-brown Old World raccoon-like carnivore; in some classifications considered unrelated to the giant pandas) }
{ Ailuropodidae, family_Ailuropodidae, mammal_family,@ subclass_Eutheria,#m (in some classifications considered the family comprising the giant pandas) }
{ Ailuropoda, genus_Ailuropoda, mammal_genus,@ family_Procyonidae,#m (only the giant panda: in some classifications considered a genus of the separate family Ailuropodidae) }
{ giant_panda, panda1, panda_bear, coon_bear, Ailuropoda_melanoleuca, procyonid,@ genus_Ailuropoda,#m (large black-and-white herbivorous mammal of bamboo forests of China and Tibet; in some classifications considered a member of the bear family or of a separate family Ailuropodidae) }

{ gill, [ branchia, adj.pert:branchial,+ ] noun.body:respiratory_organ,@ (respiratory organ of aquatic animals that breathe oxygen dissolved in water) }
{ external_gill, gill,@ (occurs in some mollusks and in tadpoles and other immature amphibians) }
{ gill_slit, branchial_cleft, gill_cleft, noun.body:structure,@ (one of a series of slit openings in the pharynxes of fishes and aquatic amphibians through which water passes) }
{ gill_arch, branchial_arch, gill_bar, noun.body:structure,@ (one of the bony or cartilaginous arches on each side of the pharynx that support the gills of fishes and aquatic amphibians) }
{ peristome, noun.body:structure,@ invertebrate,#p (region around the mouth in various invertebrates) }
{ syrinx, noun.body:structure,@ bird,#p (the vocal organ of a bird) }
{ [ twitterer, verb.communication:twitter,+ ] bird,@ (a bird that twitters) }

{ Pisces, noun.group:division5,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (a group of vertebrates comprising both cartilaginous and bony fishes and sometimes including the jawless vertebrates; not used technically) }
{ [ fish, adj.pert:fishy,+ verb.competition:fish,+ verb.contact:fish,+ ] aquatic_vertebrate,@ noun.group:school1,#m Pisces,#m (any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills; "the shark is a large fish"; "in the living room there was a tank of colorful fish") }
{ fingerling, fish,@ (a young or small fish) }
{ game_fish, sport_fish, fish,@ (any fish providing sport for the angler) }
{ food_fish, fish,@ (any fish used for food by human beings) }
{ rough_fish, fish,@ (any fish useless for food or sport or even as bait) }
{ groundfish, bottom_fish, food_fish,@ (fish that live on the sea bottom (particularly the commercially important gadoid fish like cod and haddock, or flatfish like flounder)) }
{ young_fish, young,@ fish,@ (a fish that is young) }
{ parr2, young_fish,@ (the young of various fishes) }
{ mouthbreeder, fish,@ (any of various fishes that carry their eggs and their young in their mouths) }
{ [ spawner, verb.body:spawn,+ ] fish,@ (a female fish at spawning time) }
{ barracouta, snoek, food_fish,@ (a large marine food fish common on the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa) }

{ Channidae, class_Channidae, noun.group:class2,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (snakeheads) }
{ northern_snakehead, fish,@ class_Channidae,#m (a voracious freshwater fish that is native to northeastern China; can use fin to walk and can survive out of water for three days; a threat to American populations of fish) }

{ Osteichthyes, class_Osteichthyes, noun.group:class2,@ subphylum_Vertebrata,#m (a class of fish having a skeleton composed of bone in addition to cartilage) }
{ bony_fish, fish,@ class_Osteichthyes,#m (any fish of the class Osteichthyes) }

{ Crossopterygii, subclass_Crossopterygii, noun.group:class2,@ class_Osteichthyes,#m (fishes having paired fins resembling limbs and regarded as ancestral to amphibians) }
{ crossopterygian, lobefin, lobe-finned_fish, bony_fish,@ subclass_Crossopterygii,#m (any fish of the order Crossopterygii; most known only in fossil form) }
{ Latimeridae, family_Latimeridae, fish_family,@ subclass_Crossopterygii,#m (extinct except for the coelacanth) }
{ Latimeria, genus_Latimeria, fish_genus,@ family_Latimeridae,#m (type genus of the Latimeridae: coelacanth) }
{ coelacanth, Latimeria_chalumnae, crossopterygian,@ genus_Latimeria,#m (fish thought to have been extinct since the Cretaceous period but found in 1938 off the coast of Africa) }

{ Dipnoi, subclass_Dipnoi, noun.group:class2,@ class_Osteichthyes,#m (bony fishes of the southern hemisphere that breathe by a modified air bladder as well as gills; sometimes classified as an order of Crossopterygii) }
{ lungfish, bony_fish,@ subclass_Dipnoi,#m (air-breathing fish having an elongated body and fleshy paired fins; certain species construct mucus-lined mud coverings in which to survive drought) }
{ Ceratodontidae, family_Ceratodontidae, fish_family,@ subclass_Dipnoi,#m (lungfishes having hornlike ridges on the teeth) }
{ genus_Ceratodus, fish_genus,@ family_Ceratodontidae,#m (type genus of the Ceratodontidae: extinct genus of lungfishes) }
{ ceratodus, lungfish,@ genus_Ceratodus,#m (extinct lungfish) }
{ Neoceratodus, genus_Neoceratodus, fish_genus,@ family_Ceratodontidae,#m (extant Australian lungfishes) }
{ Australian_lungfish, Queensland_lungfish, Neoceratodus_forsteri, noun.group:endangered_species,@ (an endangered species of lungfish found in rivers in Queensland) }

{ Siluriformes, order_Siluriformes, animal_order,@ superorder_Malacopterygii,#m (an order of fish belonging to the superorder Malacopterygii including catfishes) }
{ catfish1, siluriform_fish, soft-finned_fish,@ order_Siluriformes,#m (any of numerous mostly freshwater bottom-living fishes of Eurasia and North America with barbels like whiskers around the mouth) }
{ Siluridae, family_Siluridae, fish_family,@ order_Siluriformes,#m (Old World catfishes) }
{ silurid, silurid_fish, catfish1,@ family_Siluridae,#m (Old World freshwater catfishes having naked skin and a long anal fin more or less merged with the eellike caudal fin) }
{ Silurus, genus_Silurus, fish_genus,@ family_Siluridae,#m (type genus of the Siluridae: catfishes) }
{ European_catfish, sheatfish, Silurus_glanis, silurid,@ genus_Silurus,#m (large elongated catfish of central and eastern Europe) }
{ Malopterurus, genus_Malopterurus, fish_genus,@ family_Siluridae,#m (electric catfish) }
{ electric_catfish, Malopterurus_electricus, silurid,@ genus_Malopterurus,#m (freshwater catfish of the Nile and tropical central Africa having an electric organ) }
{ Ameiuridae, family_Ameiuridae, fish_family,@ order_Siluriformes,#m (North American catfishes) }
{ Ameiurus, genus_Ameiurus, fish_genus,@ family_Ameiuridae,#m (type genus of the Ameiuridae: bullhead catfishes) }
{ bullhead1, bullhead_catfish, catfish1,@ genus_Ameiurus,#m (any of several common freshwater catfishes of the United States) }
{ horned_pout, hornpout, pout1, Ameiurus_Melas, bullhead1,@ (catfish common in eastern United States) }
{ brown_bullhead, bullhead1,@ (freshwater catfish of eastern United States) }
{ Ictalurus, genus_Ictalurus, fish_genus,@ family_Ameiuridae,#m (channel catfishes) }
{ channel_catfish, channel_cat, Ictalurus_punctatus, catfish1,@ (freshwater food fish common throughout central United States) }
{ blue_catfish, blue_cat, blue_channel_catfish, blue_channel_cat, channel_catfish,@ (a large catfish of the Mississippi valley) }
{ Pylodictus, genus_Pylodictus, fish_genus,@ family_Ameiuridae,#m (flathead catfishes) }
{ flathead_catfish, mudcat, goujon, shovelnose_catfish, spoonbill_catfish, Pylodictus_olivaris, catfish1,@ genus_Pylodictus,#m (large catfish of central United States having a flattened head and projecting jaw) }
{ Laricariidae, family_Laricariidae, fish_family,@ order_Siluriformes,#m (armored catfish) }
{ armored_catfish, catfish1,@ family_Laricariidae,#m (South American catfish having the body covered with bony plates) }
{ Ariidae, family_Ariidae, fish_family,@ order_Siluriformes,#m (sea catfishes) }
{ sea_catfish, catfish1,@ family_Ariidae,#m (any of numerous marine fishes most of which are mouthbreeders; not used for food) }
{ Arius, genus_Arius, fish_genus,@ family_Ariidae,#m (type genus of the Ariidae: sea catfishes) }
{ crucifix_fish, sea_catfish,@ genus_Arius,#m (sea catfish of the Caribbean area) }

{ Gadiformes, order_Gadiformes, animal_order,@ superorder_Malacopterygii,#m (cods, haddocks, grenadiers; in some classifications considered equivalent to the order Anacanthini) }
{ Anacanthini, order_Anacanthini, animal_order,@ superorder_Malacopterygii,#m (at least partially equivalent to the order Gadiformes in some classifications) }
{ gadoid, gadoid_fish, soft-finned_fish,@ family_Gadidae,#m (a soft-finned fish of the family Gadidae) }
{ Gadidae, family_Gadidae, fish_family,@ order_Gadiformes,#m (large family of important mostly marine food fishes) }
{ Gadus, genus_Gadus, fish_genus,@ family_Gadidae,#m (type genus of the Gadidae: the typical codfishes) }
{ [ cod, noun.animal:codling,+ ] codfish, gadoid_fish,@ genus_Gadus,#m (major food fish of Arctic and cold-temperate waters) }
{ [ codling, noun.animal:cod,+ ] codfish,@ (young codfish) }
{ Atlantic_cod, Gadus_morhua, cod,@ (one of the world's most important commercial fishes) }
{ Pacific_cod, Alaska_cod, Gadus_macrocephalus, cod,@ (closely related to Atlantic cod) }
{ Merlangus, genus_Merlangus, fish_genus,@ family_Gadidae,#m (whitings) }
{ whiting, Merlangus_merlangus, Gadus_merlangus, gadoid_fish,@ genus_Merlangus,#m (a food fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe resembling the cod; sometimes placed in genus Gadus) }
{ Lota, genus_Lota, fish_genus,@ family_Gadidae,#m (burbot) }
{ burbot, eelpout2, ling3, cusk2, Lota_lota, cod,@ (elongate freshwater cod of northern Europe and Asia and North America having barbels around its mouth) }
{ scrod, schrod, cod,@ (young Atlantic cod or haddock especially one split and boned for cooking) }
{ Melanogrammus, genus_Melanogrammus, fish_genus,@ family_Gadidae,#m (haddock) }
{ haddock, Melanogrammus_aeglefinus, gadoid_fish,@ genus_Melanogrammus,#m (important food fish on both sides of the Atlantic; related to cod but usually smaller) }
{ Pollachius, genus_Pollachius, fish_genus,@ family_Gadidae,#m (pollack) }
{ pollack, pollock, Pollachius_pollachius, gadoid_fish,@ genus_Pollachius,#m (important food and game fish of northern seas (especially the northern Atlantic); related to cod) }
{ Merluccius, genus_Merluccius, fish_genus,@ family_Gadidae,#m (hakes) }
{ hake, gadoid_fish,@ (any of several marine food fishes related to cod) }
{ silver_hake, Merluccius_bilinearis, whiting2, hake,@ (found off Atlantic coast of North America) }
{ Urophycis, genus_Urophycis, fish_genus,@ family_Gadidae,#m (hakes) }
{ ling2, hake,@ genus_Urophycis,#m (American hakes) }
{ Molva, genus_Molva, fish_genus,@ family_Gadidae,#m (ling) }
{ ling1, Molva_molva, gadoid_fish,@ genus_Molva,#m (elongated marine food fish of Greenland and northern Europe; often salted and dried) }
{ Brosmius, genus_Browmius, fish_genus,@ family_Gadidae,#m (cusk) }
{ cusk1, torsk, Brosme_brosme, gadoid_fish,@ (large edible marine fish of northern coastal waters; related to cod) }
{ Macrouridae, family_Macrouridae, Macruridae, family_Macruridae, fish_family,@ order_Gadiformes,#m (grenadiers) }
{ grenadier, rattail, rattail_fish, gadoid_fish,@ family_Macrouridae,#m (deep-sea fish with a large head and body and long tapering tail) }

{ Anguilliformes, order_Anguilliformes, order_Apodes, animal_order,@ superorder_Malacopterygii,#m (elongate fishes with pelvic fins and girdle absent or reduced) }
{ eel, soft-finned_fish,@ order_Anguilliformes,#m (voracious snakelike marine or freshwater fishes with smooth slimy usually scaleless skin and having a continuous vertical fin but no ventral fins) }
{ elver, eel,@ (young eel) }
{ Anguillidae, family_Anguillidae, fish_family,@ order_Anguilliformes,#m (eels that live in fresh water as adults but return to the sea to spawn) }
{ Anguilla, genus_Anguilla, fish_genus,@ family_Anguillidae,#m (type genus of the Anguillidae: eels) }
{ common_eel, freshwater_eel, eel,@ genus_Anguilla,#m (eels that live in fresh water as adults but return to sea to spawn; found in Europe and America; marketed both fresh and smoked) }
{ tuna3, Anguilla_sucklandii, eel,@ (New Zealand eel) }
{ Muraenidae, family_Muraenidae, fish_family,@ order_Anguilliformes,#m (marine eels) }
{ moray, moray_eel, eel,@ family_Muraenidae,#m (family of brightly colored voracious eels of warm coastal waters; generally nonaggressive to humans but larger species are dangerous if provoked) }
{ Congridae, family_Congridae, fish_family,@ order_Anguilliformes,#m (marine eels) }
{ conger, conger_eel, eel,@ family_Congridae,#m (large dark-colored scaleless marine eel found in temperate and tropical coastal waters; some used for food) }

{ Teleostei, subclass_Teleostei, noun.group:class2,@ class_Osteichthyes,#m (large diverse group of bony fishes; includes most living species) }
{ teleost_fish, teleost, teleostan, bony_fish,@ subclass_Teleostei,#m (a bony fish of the subclass Teleostei) }

{ Isospondyli, order_Isospondyli, animal_order,@ superorder_Malacopterygii,#m (most primitive teleost fishes; all are soft-finned: salmon; trout; herring; shad; sardines; anchovies; whitefish; smelts; tarpon) }
{ Gonorhynchidae, family_Gonorhynchidae, fish_family,@ order_Isospondyli,#m (coextensive with the genus Gonorhynchus) }
{ Gonorhynchus, genus_Gonorhynchus, fish_genus,@ family_Gonorhynchidae,#m (slender cylindrical marine fishes lacking air bladders and teeth) }
{ beaked_salmon, sandfish2, Gonorhynchus_gonorhynchus, soft-finned_fish,@ genus_Gonorhynchus,#m (fish of sandy areas of western Pacific and Indian oceans having an angular snout for burrowing into sand) }
{ Clupeidae, family_Clupeidae, fish_family,@ order_Isospondyli,#m (herrings; shad; sardines; etc.) }
{ clupeid_fish, clupeid, soft-finned_fish,@ family_Clupeidae,#m (any of numerous soft-finned schooling food fishes of shallow waters of northern seas) }
{ whitebait, young_fish,@ soft-finned_fish,#m (the edible young of especially herrings and sprats and smelts) }
{ brit1, britt1, young_fish,@ (the young of a herring or sprat or similar fish) }
{ Alosa, genus_Alosa, fish_genus,@ family_Clupeidae,#m (shad) }
{ shad, clupeid_fish,@ food_fish,@ genus_Alosa,#m (herring-like food fishes that migrate from the sea to fresh water to spawn) }
{ common_American_shad, Alosa_sapidissima, shad,@ (shad of Atlantic coast of North America; naturalized to Pacific coast) }
{ river_shad, Alosa_chrysocloris, shad,@ (shad that spawns in streams of the Mississippi drainage; very similar to Alosa sapidissima) }
{ allice_shad, allis_shad, allice, allis, Alosa_alosa, shad,@ (European shad) }
{ alewife, Alosa_pseudoharengus, Pomolobus_pseudoharengus, clupeid_fish,@ genus_Alosa,#m (shad-like food fish that runs rivers to spawn; often salted or smoked; sometimes placed in genus Pomolobus) }
{ Pomolobus, genus_Pomolobus, fish_genus,@ family_Clupeidae,#m (genus to which the alewife is sometimes assigned) }
{ Brevoortia, genus_Brevoortia, fish_genus,@ family_Clupeidae,#m (menhaden) }
{ menhaden, Brevoortia_tyrannis, clupeid_fish,@ genus_Brevoortia,#m (shad-like North American marine fishes used for fish meal and oil and fertilizer) }
{ Clupea, genus_Clupea, fish_genus,@ family_Clupeidae,#m (type genus of the Clupeidae: typical herrings) }
{ herring, Clupea_harangus, clupeid_fish,@ food_fish,@ genus_Clupea,#m (commercially important food fish of northern waters of both Atlantic and Pacific) }
{ Atlantic_herring, Clupea_harengus_harengus, herring,@ genus_Clupea,#m (important food fish; found in enormous shoals in the northern Atlantic) }
{ Pacific_herring, Clupea_harengus_pallasii, herring,@ genus_Clupea,#m (important food fish of the northern Pacific) }
{ sardine1, clupeid_fish,@ food_fish,@ (any of various small edible herring or related food fishes frequently canned) }
{ sild, sardine1,@ (any of various young herrings (other than brislings) canned as sardines in Norway) }
{ brisling, sprat, Clupea_sprattus, sardine1,@ genus_Clupea,#m (small herring processed like a sardine) }
{ Sardina, genus_Sardina, genus_Sardinia, fish_genus,@ family_Clupeidae,#m (pilchards) }
{ pilchard, sardine2, Sardina_pilchardus, clupeid_fish,@ genus_Sardina,#m (small fishes found in great schools along coasts of Europe; smaller and rounder than herring) }
{ Sardinops, genus_Sardinops, fish_genus,@ family_Clupeidae,#m (pilchards) }
{ Pacific_sardine, Sardinops_caerulea, pilchard,@ genus_Sardinops,#m (small pilchards common off the pacific coast of North America) }
{ Engraulidae, family_Engraulidae, fish_family,@ order_Isospondyli,#m (anchovies) }
{ anchovy, soft-finned_fish,@ family_Engraulidae,#m (small herring-like plankton-eating fishes often canned whole or as paste; abundant in tropical waters worldwide) }
{ Engraulis, genus_Engraulis, fish_genus,@ (type genus of the family Engraulidae) }
{ mediterranean_anchovy, Engraulis_encrasicholus, anchovy,@ genus_Engraulis,#m (esteemed for its flavor; usually preserved or used for sauces and relishes) }
{ Salmonidae, family_Salmonidae, fish_family,@ order_Isospondyli,#m (salmon and trout) }
{ salmonid, soft-finned_fish,@ family_Salmonidae,#m (soft-finned fishes of cold and temperate waters) }
{ salmon, salmonid,@ food_fish,@ family_Salmonidae,#m (any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn) }
{ parr, young_fish,@ (a young salmon up to 2 years old) }
{ blackfish1, salmon,@ (female salmon that has recently spawned) }
{ redfish1, salmon,@ (male salmon that has recently spawned) }
{ Salmo, genus_Salmo, fish_genus,@ family_Salmonidae,#m (type genus of the Salmonidae: salmon and trout) }
{ Atlantic_salmon, Salmo_salar, salmon,@ genus_Salmo,#m (found in northern coastal Atlantic waters or tributaries; adults do not die after spawning) }
{ landlocked_salmon, lake_salmon, Atlantic_salmon,@ (Atlantic salmon confined to lakes of New England and southeastern Canada) }
{ Oncorhynchus, genus_Oncorhynchus, fish_genus,@ family_Salmonidae,#m (Pacific salmon including sockeye salmon; chinook salmon; chum salmon; coho salmon) }
{ sockeye, sockeye_salmon, red_salmon, blueback_salmon, Oncorhynchus_nerka, salmon,@ genus_Oncorhynchus,#m (small salmon with red flesh; found in rivers and tributaries of the northern Pacific and valued as food; adults die after spawning) }
{ chinook, chinook_salmon, king_salmon, quinnat_salmon, Oncorhynchus_tshawytscha, salmon,@ genus_Oncorhynchus,#m (large Pacific salmon valued as food; adults die after spawning) }
{ chum_salmon, chum, Oncorhynchus_keta, salmon,@ genus_Oncorhynchus,#m (a large Pacific salmon with small spots on its back; an important food fish) }
{ coho, cohoe, coho_salmon, blue_jack, silver_salmon, Oncorhynchus_kisutch, salmon,@ genus_Oncorhynchus,#m (small salmon of northern Pacific coasts and the Great Lakes) }
{ trout, salmonid,@ food_fish,@ (any of various game and food fishes of cool fresh waters mostly smaller than typical salmons) }
{ brown_trout, salmon_trout1, Salmo_trutta, trout,@ genus_Salmo,#m (speckled trout of European rivers; introduced in North America) }
{ rainbow_trout, Salmo_gairdneri, trout,@ genus_Salmo,#m (found in Pacific coastal waters and streams from lower California to Alaska) }
{ sea_trout1, brown_trout,@ (silvery marine variety of brown trout that migrates to fresh water to spawn) }
{ Salvelinus, genus_Salvelinus, fish_genus,@ family_Salmonidae,#m (brook trout) }
{ lake_trout, salmon_trout, Salvelinus_namaycush, trout,@ genus_Salvelinus,#m (large fork-tailed trout of lakes of Canada and the northern United States) }
{ brook_trout, speckled_trout, Salvelinus_fontinalis, trout,@ genus_Salvelinus,#m (North American freshwater trout; introduced in Europe) }
{ char, charr, salmonid,@ genus_Salvelinus,#m (any of several small trout-like fish of the genus Salvelinus) }
{ Arctic_char, Salvelinus_alpinus, char,@ (small trout of northern waters; landlocked populations in Quebec and northern New England) }
{ Coregonidae, family_Coregonidae, fish_family,@ order_Isospondyli,#m (soft-finned fishes comprising the freshwater whitefishes; formerly included in the family Salmonidae) }
{ whitefish1, soft-finned_fish,@ food_fish,@ family_Coregonidae,#m (silvery herring-like freshwater food fish of cold lakes of the northern hemisphere) }
{ Coregonus, genus_Coregonus, fish_genus,@ family_Coregonidae,#m (type genus of the Coregonidae: whitefishes) }
{ lake_whitefish, Coregonus_clupeaformis, whitefish1,@ genus_Coregonus,#m (found in the Great Lakes and north to Alaska) }
{ cisco, lake_herring, Coregonus_artedi, whitefish1,@ genus_Coregonus,#m (important food fish of cold deep lakes of North America) }
{ Prosopium, genus_Prosopium, fish_genus,@ family_Coregonidae,#m (whitefishes) }
{ round_whitefish, Menominee_whitefish, Prosopium_cylindraceum, whitefish1,@ genus_Prosopium,#m (a whitefish with a bronze back; of northern North America and Siberia) }
{ Rocky_Mountain_whitefish, Prosopium_williamsonii, whitefish1,@ genus_Prosopium,#m (whitefish of the western United States and Canada) }
{ Osmeridae, family_Osmeridae, fish_family,@ order_Isospondyli,#m (smelts) }
{ smelt, soft-finned_fish,@ family_Osmeridae,#m (small trout-like silvery marine or freshwater food fishes of cold northern waters) }
{ Osmerus, genus_Osmerus, fish_genus,@ family_Osmeridae,#m (type genus of the Osmeridae) }
{ rainbow_smelt, Osmerus_mordax, smelt,@ genus_Osmerus,#m (important marine and landlocked food fish of eastern North America and Alaska) }
{ sparling, European_smelt, Osmerus_eperlanus, smelt,@ genus_Osmerus,#m (the common smelt of Europe) }
{ Mallotus, genus_Mallotus, fish_genus,@ family_Osmeridae,#m (capelins) }
{ capelin, capelan, caplin, smelt,@ genus_Mallotus,#m (very small northern fish; forage for sea birds and marine mammals and other fishes) }
{ Elopidae, family_Elopidae, fish_family,@ order_Isospondyli,#m (tarpons and ladyfishes) }
{ genus_Tarpon, fish_genus,@ family_Elopidae,#m (tarpons) }
{ tarpon, Tarpon_atlanticus, soft-finned_fish,@ genus_Tarpon,#m (large silvery game fish of warm Atlantic coastal waters especially off Florida) }
{ Elops, genus_Elops, fish_genus,@ family_Elopidae,#m (type genus of the Elopidae: tenpounder) }
{ ladyfish, tenpounder, Elops_saurus, tarpon,@ genus_Elops,#m (game fish resembling the tarpon but smaller) }
{ Albulidae, family_Albulidae, fish_family,@ order_Isospondyli,#m (bonefish) }
{ Albula, genus_Albula, fish_genus,@ family_Albulidae,#m (type and sole genus of the family Albulidae) }
{ bonefish, Albula_vulpes, soft-finned_fish,@ genus_Albula,#m (slender silvery marine fish found in tropical mud flats and mangrove lagoons) }
{ Argentinidae, family_Argentinidae, fish_family,@ order_Isospondyli,#m (small marine soft-finned fishes with long silvery bodies; related to salmons and trouts) }
{ Argentina, genus_Argentina, fish_genus,@ family_Argentinidae,#m (type genus of the Argentinidae: argentines) }
{ argentine, soft-finned_fish,@ genus_Argentina,#m (any of various small silver-scaled salmon-like marine fishes) }
{ Myctophidae, family_Myctophidae, fish_family,@ order_Isospondyli,#m (deep-sea fishes comprising the lantern fishes) }
{ lanternfish, soft-finned_fish,@ family_Myctophidae,#m (small fish having rows of luminous organs along each side; some surface at night) }
{ Synodontidae, family_Synodontidae, fish_family,@ superorder_Malacopterygii,#m (soft-finned bottom-dwelling fishes) }
{ lizardfish, snakefish, snake-fish, soft-finned_fish,@ family_Synodontidae,#m (tropical fishes with large mouths in lizard-like heads; found worldwide) }
{ Chlorophthalmidae, family_Chlorophthalmidae, fish_family,@ superorder_Malacopterygii,#m (small family of soft-finned bottom-dwellers with large eyes; relatives of lizardfishes) }
{ greeneye, soft-finned_fish,@ family_Chlorophthalmidae,#m (bottom-dwellers having large eyes with metallic green luster) }
{ Alepisaurus, genus_Alepisaurus, fish_genus,@ subclass_Teleostei,#m (slender scaleless predaceous tropical deep-sea fishes) }
{ lancetfish, lancet_fish, wolffish2, soft-finned_fish,@ genus_Alepisaurus,#m (large elongate scaleless oceanic fishes with sharp teeth and a long dorsal fin that resembles a sail) }
{ handsaw_fish, soft-finned_fish,@ genus_Alepisaurus,#m (a soft-finned fish of the genus Alepisaurus) }

{ Osteoglossiformes, Order_Osteoglossiformes, animal_order,@ subclass_Teleostei,#m (teleost fish with bony tongues) }
{ Osteoglossidae, family_Osteoglossidae, fish_family,@ Order_Osteoglossiformes,#m (a family of large fishes that live in freshwater; includes bandfish and bonytongues) }
{ Scleropages, genus_Scleropages, fish_genus,@ family_Osteoglossidae,#m (a genus of large freshwater fishes of Australia and Borneo) }
{ Australian_arowana, Dawson_River_salmon, saratoga, spotted_barramundi, spotted_bonytongue, Scleropages_leichardti, noun.group:fish_species,@ genus_Scleropages,#m (a species of large fish found in Australian rivers) }
{ Australian_bonytongue, northern_barramundi, Scleropages_jardinii, noun.group:fish_species,@ genus_Scleropages,#m (a species of large fish found in Australian rivers) }

{ Lampridae, family_Lampridae, fish_family,@ superorder_Malacopterygii,#m (opahs) }
{ Lampris, genus_Lampris, fish_genus,@ family_Lampridae,#m (type genus of the Lampridae) }
{ opah, moonfish1, Lampris_regius, soft-finned_fish,@ genus_Lampris,#m (large elliptical brightly colored deep-sea fish of Atlantic and Pacific and Mediterranean) }
{ New_World_opah, Lampris_guttatus, soft-finned_fish,@ genus_Lampris,#m (from Nova Scotia to West Indies and Gulf of Mexico) }
{ Trachipteridae, family_Trachipteridae, fish_family,@ superorder_Malacopterygii,#m (ribbonfishes) }
{ ribbonfish1, soft-finned_fish,@ family_Trachipteridae,#m (marine fish having a long compressed ribbonlike body) }
{ Trachipterus, genus_Trachipterus, fish_genus,@ family_Trachipteridae,#m (type genus of the Trachipteridae) }
{ dealfish, Trachipterus_arcticus, ribbonfish1,@ genus_Trachipterus,#m (deep-sea ribbonfish) }
{ Regalecidae, family_Regalecidae, fish_family,@ superorder_Malacopterygii,#m (ribbonfishes) }
{ Reglaecus, genus_Regalecus, fish_genus,@ family_Regalecidae,#m (type genus of the Regalecidae) }
{ oarfish, king_of_the_herring, ribbonfish2, Regalecus_glesne, soft-finned_fish,@ genus_Regalecus,#m (thin deep-water tropical fish 20 to 30 feet long having a red dorsal fin) }

{ Pediculati, order_Pediculati, animal_order,@ superorder_Acanthopterygii,#m (anglers and batfishes; spiny-finned marine fishes having pectoral fins at the ends of armlike processes and a long movable spine on the dorsal fin to lure prey to the large mouth) }
{ Ogcocephalidae, family_Ogcocephalidae, fish_family,@ order_Pediculati,#m (batfishes: sluggish bottom-dwelling spiny fishes) }
{ batfish, spiny-finned_fish,@ family_Ogcocephalidae,#m (bottom-dweller of warm western Atlantic coastal waters having a flattened scaleless body that crawls about on fleshy pectoral and pelvic fins) }
{ Lophiidae, family_Lophiidae, fish_family,@ order_Pediculati,#m (large-headed marine fishes comprising the anglers) }
{ Lophius, genus_Lophius, fish_genus,@ family_Lophiidae,#m (type genus of family Lophiidae) }
{ goosefish, [ angler, verb.competition:angle,+ ] anglerfish, angler_fish, monkfish, lotte, allmouth, Lophius_Americanus, spiny-finned_fish,@ family_Lophiidae,#m (fishes having large mouths with a wormlike filament attached for luring prey) }
{ Batrachoididae, family_Batrachoididae, fish_family,@ order_Pediculati,#m (toadfishes; related to anglers and batfishes) }
{ toadfish, Opsanus_tau, spiny-finned_fish,@ family_Batrachoididae,#m (bottom-dwelling fish having scaleless slimy skin and a broad thick head with a wide mouth) }
{ oyster_fish, oyster-fish, oysterfish, toadfish,@ (a variety of toadfish) }
{ Antennariidae, family_Antennariidae, fish_family,@ order_Pediculati,#m (frogfishes; tropical spiny-finned marine fishes having large nearly vertical mouths; related to toadfishes and anglers) }
{ frogfish, spiny-finned_fish,@ family_Antennariidae,#m (fish having a frog-like mouth with a lure on the snout) }
{ sargassum_fish, spiny-finned_fish,@ family_Antennariidae,#m (small fantastically formed and colored fishes found among masses of sargassum) }

{ Synentognathi, order_Synentognathi, animal_order,@ subclass_Teleostei,#m (order of fishes having spineless fins; needlefishes; sauries; flying fishes; halfbeaks) }
{ Belonidae, family_Belonidae, fish_family,@ order_Synentognathi,#m (ferocious fishes of warm regions resembling but unrelated to the freshwater gars) }
{ needlefish2, gar2, billfish2, teleost_fish,@ family_Belonidae,#m (elongate European surface-dwelling predacious fishes with long toothed jaws; abundant in coastal waters) }
{ timucu, needlefish2,@ (found in warm waters of western Atlantic) }
{ Exocoetidae, family_Exocoetidae, fish_family,@ order_Synentognathi,#m (flying fishes; closely related to the halfbeaks) }
{ flying_fish, teleost_fish,@ family_Exocoetidae,#m (tropical marine fishes having enlarged winglike fins used for brief gliding flight) }
{ monoplane_flying_fish, two-wing_flying_fish, flying_fish,@ (having only pectoral fins enlarged) }
{ biplane_flying_fish, four-wing_flying_fish, flying_fish,@ (having both pectoral and pelvic fins enlarged) }
{ Hemiramphidae, family_Hemiramphidae, fish_family,@ order_Synentognathi,#m (halfbeaks; marine and freshwater fishes closely related to the flying fishes but not able to glide) }
{ halfbeak, teleost_fish,@ family_Hemiramphidae,#m (tropical and subtropical marine and freshwater fishes having an elongated body and long protruding lower jaw) }
{ Scomberesocidae, family_Scomberesocidae, Scombresocidae, family_Scombresocidae, fish_family,@ order_Synentognathi,#m (only sauries) }
{ Scomberesox, genus_Scomberesox, Scombresox, genus_Scombresox, fish_genus,@ family_Scomberesocidae,#m (a genus of Scomberesocidae) }
{ saury, billfish4, Scomberesox_saurus, teleost_fish,@ genus_Scomberesox,#m (slender long-beaked fish of temperate Atlantic waters) }

{ Acanthopterygii, superorder_Acanthopterygii, animal_order,@ subclass_Teleostei,#m (teleost fishes having fins with sharp bony rays) }
{ [ spiny-finned_fish, soft-finned_fish,!] acanthopterygian, teleost_fish,@ superorder_Acanthopterygii,#m (a teleost fish with fins that are supported by sharp inflexible rays) }

{ Ophiodontidae, family_Ophiodontidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Scorpaenoidea,#m (fishes closely related to greenlings) }
{ Ophiodon, genus_Ophiodon, fish_genus,@ family_Ophiodontidae,#m (a genus of Ophiodontidae) }
{ lingcod, Ophiodon_elongatus, scorpaenoid_fish,@ genus_Ophiodon,#m (food fish of the northern Pacific related to greenlings) }

{ Perciformes, order_Perciformes, Percomorphi, order_Percomorphi, animal_order,@ superorder_Acanthopterygii,#m (one of the largest natural groups of fishes of both marine and fresh water: true perches; basses; tuna) }
{ Percoidea, suborder_Percoidea, animal_order,@ order_Perciformes,#m (in some classifications nearly or exactly equivalent to the Perciformes which are considered a suborder) }
{ percoid_fish, percoid, percoidean, spiny-finned_fish,@ order_Perciformes,#m (any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of the order Perciformes) }
{ perch2, percoid_fish,@ order_Perciformes,#m (any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of various families of the order Perciformes) }
{ Anabantidae, family_Anabantidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (small freshwater spiny-finned fishes of Africa and southern Asia) }
{ Anabas, genus_Anabas, fish_genus,@ family_Anabantidae,#m (the type genus of the family Anabantidae; small fish that resemble perch) }
{ climbing_perch, Anabas_testudineus, A._testudineus, fish,@ genus_Anabas,#m (a small perch of India whose gills are modified to allow it to breathe air; has spiny pectoral fins that enable it to travel on land) }
{ Percidae, family_Percidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (active freshwater fishes; true perches and pike perches) }
{ perch1, percoid_fish,@ family_Percidae,#m (spiny-finned freshwater food and game fishes) }
{ Perca, genus_Perca, fish_genus,@ family_Percidae,#m (type genus of the Percidae) }
{ yellow_perch, Perca_flavescens, perch1,@ genus_Perca,#m (North American perch) }
{ European_perch, Perca_fluviatilis, perch1,@ genus_Perca,#m (a perch native to Europe) }
{ Stizostedion, genus_Stizostedion, fish_genus,@ family_Percidae,#m (pike-perches) }
{ pike-perch, pike_perch, perch1,@ genus_Stizostedion,#m (any of several pike-like fishes of the perch family) }
{ walleye, walleyed_pike, jack_salmon, dory1, Stizostedion_vitreum, pike-perch,@ (pike-like freshwater perches) }
{ blue_pike, blue_pickerel, blue_pikeperch, blue_walleye, Strizostedion_vitreum_glaucum, walleye,@ (variety inhabiting the Great Lakes) }
{ Percina, genus_Percina, fish_genus,@ family_Percidae,#m (a genus of Percidae) }
{ snail_darter, Percina_tanasi, perch1,@ genus_Percina,#m (a small snail-eating perch of the Tennessee River) }

{ Trichodontidae, family_Trichodontidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (two species of elongate compressed scaleless large-eyed fishes that live in sand or mud) }
{ sandfish1, percoid_fish,@ family_Trichodontidae,#m (either of two small silvery scaleless fishes of the northern Pacific that burrow into sand) }
{ Ophidiidae, family_Ophidiidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (eellike marine fishes) }
{ cusk-eel, percoid_fish,@ family_Ophidiidae,#m (elongate compressed somewhat eel-shaped fishes) }
{ Brotulidae, family_Brotulidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (chiefly deep-sea fishes related to the Ophidiidae) }
{ brotula, percoid_fish,@ family_Brotulidae,#m (deep-sea fishes) }
{ Carapidae, family_Carapidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (pearlfishes: related to the Brotulidae) }
{ pearlfish, pearl-fish, percoid_fish,@ family_Carapidae,#m (found living within the alimentary canals of e.g. sea cucumbers or between the shells of pearl oysters in or near shallow seagrass beds) }
{ Centropomidae, family_Centropomidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (a family of fish or the order Perciformes including robalos) }
{ robalo, percoid_fish,@ family_Centropomidae,#m (a kind of percoid fish) }
{ Centropomus, genus_Centropomus, fish_genus,@ family_Centropomidae,#m (type genus of the Centropomidae: snooks) }
{ snook, robalo,@ family_Centropomidae,#m (large tropical American food and game fishes of coastal and brackish waters; resemble pike) }
{ Latinae, noun.group:subfamily,@ family_Centropomidae,#m (a subfamily of the family Centropomidae) }
{ Lates, genus_Lates, fish_genus,@ family_Centropomidae,#m (a genus of large percoid fishes of fresh and brackish water) }
{ barramundi, giant_perch, giant_seaperch, Asian_seabass, white_seabass, Lates_calcarifer, noun.group:fish_species,@ genus_Lates,#m (a species of large perch noted for its sporting and eating qualities; lives in marine, estuary, and freshwater habitats) }

{ Esocidae, family_Esocidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (pikes; pickerels; muskellunges) }
{ Esox, genus_Esox, fish_genus,@ family_Esocidae,#m (type and only genus of the family Esocidae) }
{ pike, percoid_fish,@ genus_Esox,#m (any of several elongate long-snouted freshwater game and food fishes widely distributed in cooler parts of the northern hemisphere) }
{ northern_pike, Esox_lucius, pike,@ (voracious piscivorous pike of waters of northern hemisphere) }
{ muskellunge, Esox_masquinongy, pike,@ (large (60 to 80 pounds) sport fish of North America) }
{ pickerel, pike,@ (any of several North American species of small pike) }
{ chain_pickerel, chain_pike, Esox_niger, pickerel,@ (common in quiet waters of eastern United States) }
{ redfin_pickerel, barred_pickerel, Esox_americanus, pickerel,@ (small but gamy pickerel of Atlantic coastal states) }

{ Centrarchidae, family_Centrarchidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (sunfish family) }
{ sunfish1, centrarchid, percoid_fish,@ family_Centrarchidae,#m (small carnivorous freshwater percoid fishes of North America usually having a laterally compressed body and metallic luster: crappies; black bass; bluegills; pumpkinseed) }
{ Pomoxis, genus_Pomoxis, fish_genus,@ family_Centrarchidae,#m (crappies) }
{ crappie, sunfish1,@ genus_Pomoxis,#m (small sunfishes of central United States rivers) }
{ black_crappie, Pomoxis_nigromaculatus, crappie,@ (a crappie that is black) }
{ white_crappie, Pomoxis_annularis, crappie,@ (a crappie that is white) }
{ freshwater_bream, bream, sunfish1,@ order_Perciformes,#m (any of various usually edible freshwater percoid fishes having compressed bodies and shiny scales; especially (but not exclusively) of the genus Lepomis) }
{ Lepomis, genus_Lepomis, fish_genus,@ family_Centrarchidae,#m (bream) }
{ pumpkinseed, Lepomis_gibbosus, sunfish1,@ genus_Lepomis,#m (small brilliantly colored North American sunfish) }
{ bluegill, Lepomis_macrochirus, freshwater_bream,@ genus_Lepomis,#m (important edible sunfish of eastern and central United States) }
{ spotted_sunfish, stumpknocker, Lepomis_punctatus, freshwater_bream,@ genus_Lepomis,#m (inhabits streams from South Carolina to Florida; esteemed panfish) }
{ Ambloplites, genus_Ambloplites, fish_genus,@ family_Centrarchidae,#m (a genus of Centrarchidae) }
{ freshwater_bass, bass,@ family_Centrarchidae,#m (North American food and game fish) }
{ rock_bass1, rock_sunfish, Ambloplites_rupestris, sunfish1,@ genus_Ambloplites,#m (game and food fish of upper Mississippi and Great Lakes) }
{ Micropterus, genus_Micropterus, fish_genus,@ family_Centrarchidae,#m (American freshwater black basses) }
{ black_bass1, sunfish1,@ genus_Micropterus,#m (widely distributed and highly prized American freshwater game fishes (sunfish family)) }
{ Kentucky_black_bass, spotted_black_bass, Micropterus_pseudoplites, black_bass1,@ (a variety of black bass) }
{ smallmouth, smallmouth_bass, smallmouthed_bass, smallmouth_black_bass, smallmouthed_black_bass, Micropterus_dolomieu, black_bass1,@ (a variety of black bass; the angle of the jaw falls below the eye) }
{ largemouth, largemouth_bass, largemouthed_bass, largemouth_black_bass, largemouthed_black_bass, Micropterus_salmoides, black_bass1,@ (a large black bass; the angle of the jaw falls behind the eye) }
{ bass, percoid_fish,@ (nontechnical name for any of numerous edible marine and freshwater spiny-finned fishes) }
{ Serranidae, family_Serranidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (marine fishes: sea basses; sea perches; groupers; jewfish) }
{ serranid_fish, serranid, percoid_fish,@ family_Serranidae,#m (marine food sport fishes mainly of warm coastal waters) }
{ Morone, genus_Morone, fish_genus,@ family_Serranidae,#m (carnivorous fresh and salt water fishes) }
{ white_perch, silver_perch1, Morone_americana, serranid_fish,@ genus_Morone,#m (small silvery food and game fish of eastern United States streams) }
{ yellow_bass, Morone_interrupta, serranid_fish,@ genus_Morone,#m (North American freshwater bass resembling the larger marine striped bass) }
{ sea_bass, serranid_fish,@ food_fish,@ family_Serranidae,#m (any of various food and sport fishes of the Atlantic coast of the United States having an elongated body and long spiny dorsal fin) }
{ Synagrops, genus_Synagrops, fish_genus,@ family_Serranidae,#m (a genus of Serranidae) }
{ blackmouth_bass, Synagrops_bellus, sea_bass,@ genus_Synagrops,#m (small marine fish with black mouth and gill cavity) }
{ Centropristis, genus_Centropristis, fish_genus,@ family_Serranidae,#m (sea basses) }
{ rock_sea_bass, rock_bass2, Centropristis_philadelphica, sea_bass,@ genus_Centropristis,#m (a kind of sea bass) }
{ black_sea_bass, black_bass2, Centropistes_striata, sea_bass,@ genus_Centropristis,#m (bluish black-striped sea bass of the Atlantic coast of the United States) }
{ Roccus, genus_Roccus, fish_genus,@ family_Serranidae,#m (a genus of Serranidae) }
{ striped_bass, striper, Roccus_saxatilis, rockfish2, sea_bass,@ genus_Roccus,#m (marine food and game fish with dark longitudinal stripes; migrates upriver to spawn; sometimes placed in the genus Morone) }
{ Polyprion, genus_Polyprion, fish_genus,@ family_Serranidae,#m (wreckfish) }
{ stone_bass, wreckfish, Polyprion_americanus, sea_bass,@ genus_Polyprion,#m (brown fish of the Atlantic and Mediterranean found around rocks and shipwrecks) }
{ Serranus, genus_Serranus, fish_genus,@ family_Serranidae,#m (type genus of the Serranidae: mostly small Pacific sea basses) }
{ belted_sandfish, Serranus_subligarius, sea_bass,@ genus_Serranus,#m (found in warm shallow waters of western Atlantic) }
{ grouper, sea_bass,@ (usually solitary bottom sea basses of warm seas) }
{ Epinephelus, genus_Epinephelus, fish_genus,@ family_Serranidae,#m (genus of groupers or sea bass) }
{ coney, Epinephelus_fulvus, grouper,@ genus_Epinephelus,#m (black-spotted usually dusky-colored fish with reddish fins) }
{ hind1, grouper,@ genus_Epinephelus,#m (any of several mostly spotted fishes that resemble groupers) }
{ rock_hind, Epinephelus_adscensionis, hind1,@ genus_Epinephelus,#m (found around rocky coasts or on reefs) }
{ Paranthias, genus_Paranthias, fish_genus,@ family_Serranidae,#m (a genus of Serranidae) }
{ creole-fish, Paranthias_furcifer, grouper,@ genus_Paranthias,#m (deep-sea fish of tropical Atlantic) }
{ Mycteroperca, genus_Mycteroperca, fish_genus,@ family_Serranidae,#m (groupers) }
{ jewfish, Mycteroperca_bonaci, grouper,@ genus_Mycteroperca,#m (large dark grouper with a thick head and rough scales) }
{ Rypticus, genus_Rypticus, fish_genus,@ family_Serranidae,#m (a genus of fish of the family Serranidae, including soapfishes) }
{ soapfish, serranid_fish,@ genus_Rypticus,#m (fishes with slimy mucus-covered skin; found in the warm Atlantic coastal waters of America) }

{ Embiotocidae, family_Embiotocidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (viviparous percoid fishes comprising the surf fishes) }
{ surfperch, surffish1, surf_fish1, percoid_fish,@ family_Embiotocidae,#m (small to medium-sized shallow-water fishes of the Pacific coast of North America) }
{ Hipsurus, genus_Hipsurus, fish_genus,@ family_Embiotocidae,#m (a genus of Embiotocidae) }
{ rainbow_seaperch, rainbow_perch, Hipsurus_caryi, surfperch,@ genus_Hipsurus,#m (Pacific coast fish) }
{ Priacanthidae, family_Priacanthidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (small carnivorous percoid fishes found worldwide in tropical seas) }
{ Priacanthus, genus_Priacanthus, fish_genus,@ family_Priacanthidae,#m (type genus of the Priacanthidae) }
{ bigeye, percoid_fish,@ genus_Priacanthus,#m (red fishes of American coastal tropical waters having very large eyes and rough scales) }
{ catalufa, Priacanthus_arenatus, percoid_fish,@ genus_Priacanthus,#m (brightly colored carnivorous fish of western Atlantic and West Indies waters) }
{ Apogonidae, family_Apogonidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (bright-colored marine fishes that incubate eggs in the mouth) }
{ cardinalfish, percoid_fish,@ family_Apogonidae,#m (small red fishes of coral reefs and inshore tropical waters) }
{ Apogon, genus_Apogon, fish_genus,@ family_Apogonidae,#m (type genus of the Apogonidae) }
{ flame_fish, flamefish, Apogon_maculatus, cardinalfish,@ (a cardinalfish found in tropical Atlantic coastal waters) }
{ Astropogon, genus_Astropogon, fish_genus,@ family_Apogonidae,#m (a genus of fish of the family Apogonidae) }
{ conchfish, Astropogon_stellatus, cardinalfish,@ (found in West Indies; lives in mantle cavity of a living conch) }
{ Malacanthidae, family_Malacanthidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (short-headed marine fishes; often brightly colored) }
{ Lopholatilus, genus_Lopholatilus, fish_genus,@ family_Malacanthidae,#m (large brightly colored food fish of deep Atlantic waters) }
{ tilefish1, Lopholatilus_chamaeleonticeps, percoid_fish,@ genus_Lopholatilus,#m (yellow-spotted violet food fish of warm deep waters) }
{ Pomatomidae, family_Pomatomidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (food and game fishes related to pompanos) }
{ Pomatomus, genus_Pomatomus, fish_genus,@ family_Pomatomidae,#m (type genus of the Pomatomidae) }
{ bluefish, Pomatomus_saltatrix, percoid_fish,@ genus_Pomatomus,#m (bluish warm-water marine food and game fish that follow schools of small fishes into shallow waters) }
{ Rachycentridae, family_Rachycentridae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (family of pelagic fishes containing solely the cobia) }
{ Rachycentron, genus_Rachycentron, fish_genus,@ family_Rachycentridae,#m (genus and family are coextensive and comprise only the cobia) }
{ cobia, Rachycentron_canadum, sergeant_fish, percoid_fish,@ genus_Rachycentron,#m (large dark-striped tropical food and game fish related to remoras; found worldwide in coastal to open waters) }

{ Discocephali, order_Discocephali, animal_order,@ superorder_Acanthopterygii,#m (small order of fishes comprising the remoras) }

{ Echeneididae, family_Echeneididae, family_Echeneidae, fish_family,@ order_Discocephali,#m (fishes having a sucking disk on the head for clinging to other fishes and to ships) }
{ remora, suckerfish, sucking_fish, spiny-finned_fish,@ family_Echeneididae,#m (marine fishes with a flattened elongated body and a sucking disk on the head for attaching to large fish or moving objects) }
{ Echeneis, genus_Echeneis, fish_genus,@ family_Echeneididae,#m (type genus of the Echeneididae: typical remoras) }
{ sharksucker, Echeneis_naucrates, remora,@ genus_Echeneis,#m (remoras found attached to sharks) }
{ Remilegia, genus_Remilegia, fish_genus,@ family_Echeneididae,#m (a genus of Echeneididae) }
{ whale_sucker, whalesucker, Remilegia_australis, remora,@ genus_Remilegia,#m (large blue Pacific remora that attaches to whales and dolphins) }

{ Carangidae, family_Carangidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (large family of narrow-bodied marine food fishes with widely forked tails; chiefly of warm seas) }
{ carangid_fish, [ carangid, adj.pert:carangid,+ ] percoid_fish,@ family_Carangidae,#m (a percoid fish of the family Carangidae) }
{ Caranx, genus_Caranx, fish_genus,@ family_Carangidae,#m (type genus of the Carangidae) }
{ jack, carangid_fish,@ family_carangidae,#m (any of several fast-swimming predacious fishes of tropical to warm temperate seas) }
{ crevalle_jack, jack_crevalle, Caranx_hippos, jack,@ (fish of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico) }
{ yellow_jack, Caranx_bartholomaei, jack,@ (fish of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico) }
{ runner, blue_runner, Caranx_crysos, jack,@ (fish of western Atlantic: Cape Cod to Brazil) }
{ Elagatis, genus_Elagatis, fish_genus,@ family_Carangidae,#m (a genus of Carangidae) }
{ rainbow_runner, Elagatis_bipinnulata, jack,@ (streamlined cigar-shaped jack; good game fish) }
{ Oligoplites, genus_Oligoplites, fish_genus,@ family_Carangidae,#m (leatherjackets) }
{ leatherjacket2, leatherjack, jack,@ genus_Oligoplites,#m (any of several New World tropical fishes having tiny embedded scales) }
{ Alectis, genus_Alectis, fish_genus,@ family_Carangidae,#m (a genus of Carangidae) }
{ threadfish, thread-fish, Alectis_ciliaris, jack,@ genus_Alectis,#m (fish having greatly elongated front rays on dorsal and anal fins) }
{ Selene, genus_Selene, fish_genus,@ family_Carangidae,#m (a genus of Carangidae) }
{ moonfish2, Atlantic_moonfish, horsefish, horsehead, horse-head, dollarfish2, Selene_setapinnis, carangid_fish,@ (any of several silvery marine fishes with very flat bodies) }
{ lookdown, lookdown_fish, Selene_vomer, moonfish2,@ (similar to moonfish but with eyes high on the truncated forehead) }
{ Seriola, genus_Seriola, fish_genus,@ family_Carangidae,#m (a genus of Carangidae) }
{ amberjack, amberfish, jack,@ genus_Seriola,#m (any of several amber to coppery fork-tailed warm-water carangid fishes) }
{ yellowtail3, Seriola_dorsalis, jack,@ genus_Seriola,#m (game fish of southern California and Mexico having a yellow tail fin) }
{ rudderfish1, banded_rudderfish, Seriola_zonata, jack,@ genus_Seriola,#m (fish having the habit of following ships; found in North American and South American coastal waters) }
{ kingfish4, Seriola_grandis, jack,@ (large game fish of Australia and New Zealand) }
{ Trachinotus, genus_Trachinotus, fish_genus,@ family_Carangidae,#m (a genus of Carangidae) }
{ pompano, carangid_fish,@ genus_Trachinotus,#m (any of several deep-bodied food fishes of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico) }
{ Florida_pompano, Trachinotus_carolinus, pompano,@ (found in coastal waters New England to Brazil except clear waters of West Indies) }
{ permit, Trachinotus_falcatus, pompano,@ (large game fish; found in waters of the West Indies) }
{ Naucrates, genus_Naucrates, fish_genus,@ family_Carangidae,#m (a genus of Carangidae) }
{ pilotfish, Naucrates_ductor, carangid_fish,@ genus_Naucrates,#m (small pelagic fish often accompanying sharks or mantas) }
{ scad, carangid_fish,@ family_Carangidae,#m (any of a number of fishes of the family Carangidae) }
{ Trachurus, genus_Trachurus, fish_genus,@ family_Carangidae,#m (the scads (particularly horse mackerels)) }
{ horse_mackerel1, jack_mackerel, Spanish_mackerel3, saurel2, Trachurus_symmetricus, scad,@ (a California food fish) }
{ horse_mackerel2, saurel1, Trachurus_trachurus, scad,@ (large elongated compressed food fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe) }
{ Selar, genus_Selar, fish_genus,@ family_Carangidae,#m (big-eyed scad) }
{ bigeye_scad, big-eyed_scad, goggle-eye, Selar_crumenophthalmus, scad,@ genus_Selar,#m (of Atlantic coastal waters; commonly used for bait) }
{ Decapterus, genus_Decapterus, fish_genus,@ family_Carangidae,#m (scads especially mackerel scad; cosmopolitan in distribution) }
{ mackerel_scad, mackerel_shad, Decapterus_macarellus, scad,@ genus_Decapterus,#m (small silvery fish; Nova Scotia to Brazil) }
{ round_scad, cigarfish, quiaquia, Decapterus_punctatus, scad,@ genus_Decapterus,#m (small fusiform fish of western Atlantic) }

{ Coryphaenidae, family_Coryphaenidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (large active pelagic percoid fish) }
{ dolphinfish, dolphin1, mahimahi, percoid_fish,@ family_Coryphaenidae,#m noun.location:Hawaii,;r (large slender food and game fish widely distributed in warm seas (especially around Hawaii)) }
{ Coryphaena_hippurus, dolphinfish,@ (the more common dolphinfish valued as food; about six feet long) }
{ Coryphaena_equisetis, dolphinfish,@ (a kind of dolphinfish) }

{ Bramidae, family_Bramidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (deep-bodied percoid fishes of the open seas) }
{ Brama, genus_Brama, fish_genus,@ family_Bramidae,#m (type genus of the Bramidae) }
{ pomfret, Brama_raii, sea_bream,@ genus_Brama,#m (deep-bodied sooty-black pelagic spiny-finned fish of the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific; valued for food) }

{ Branchiostegidae, family_Branchiostegidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (small family of marine fishes having covered gills) }
{ blanquillo, tilefish2, percoid_fish,@ family_Branchiostegidae,#m (important marine food fishes) }

{ Characidae, family_Characidae, fish_family,@ order_Cypriniformes,#m (tropical freshwater fishes of Africa and South America and Central America) }
{ Characinidae, family_Characinidae, fish_family,@ (former name of the Characidae) }
{ characin, characin_fish, characid, cypriniform_fish,@ family_Characidae,#m (any freshwater fish of the family Characinidae) }
{ Hemigrammus, genus_Hemigrammus, fish_genus,@ family_Characidae,#m (tetras) }
{ tetra, characin_fish,@ genus_Hemigrammus,#m (brightly colored tropical freshwater fishes) }
{ Paracheirodon, genus_Paracheirodon, fish_genus,@ family_Characidae,#m (a genus of Characidae) }
{ cardinal_tetra, Paracheirodon_axelrodi, characin_fish,@ genus_Paracheirodon,#m (small bright red and blue aquarium fish from streams in Brazil and Colombia) }
{ Serrasalmus, genus_Serrasalmus, fish_genus,@ family_Characidae,#m (piranhas) }
{ piranha, pirana, caribe, characin_fish,@ genus_Serrasalmus,#m (small voraciously carnivorous freshwater fishes of South America that attack and destroy living animals) }

{ [ tentacle, adj.pert:tentacular,+ ] noun.body:process,@ (any of various elongated tactile or prehensile flexible organs that occur on the head or near the mouth in many animals; used for feeling or grasping or locomotion) }
{ [ antenna, adj.pert:antennary,+ adj.pert:antennal,+ ] [ feeler1, verb.possession:feel,+ verb.contact:feel,+ ] tentacle,@ (one of a pair of mobile appendages on the head of e.g. insects and crustaceans; typically sensitive to touch and taste) }
{ arista, noun.body:process,@ (bristlelike process near the tip of the antenna of certain flies) }
{ barbel, [ feeler2, verb.possession:feel,+ verb.contact:feel,+ ] tentacle,@ (slender tactile process on the jaws of a fish) }
{ swimmeret, pleopod, noun.body:appendage,@ lobster,#p shrimp,#p isopod,#p (one of the paired abdominal appendages of certain aquatic crustaceans that function primarily for carrying the eggs in females and are usually adapted for swimming) }

{ Cichlidae, family_Cichlidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (cichlids) }
{ cichlid, cichlid_fish, percoid_fish,@ family_Cichlidae,#m (freshwater fishes of tropical America and Africa and Asia similar to American sunfishes; some are food fishes; many small ones are popular in aquariums) }
{ Tilapia, genus_Tilapia, fish_genus,@ family_Cichlidae,#m (a genus of Cichlidae) }
{ bolti, Tilapia_nilotica, cichlid_fish,@ (important food fish of the Nile and other rivers of Africa and Asia Minor) }

{ Lutjanidae, family_Lutjanidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (snappers) }
{ snapper1, percoid_fish,@ food_fish,@ family_Lutjanidae,#m (any of several large sharp-toothed marine food and sport fishes of the family Lutjanidae of mainly tropical coastal waters) }
{ Lutjanus, genus_Lutjanus, fish_genus,@ family_Lutjanidae,#m (type genus of the Lutjanidae: snappers) }
{ red_snapper, Lutjanus_blackfordi, snapper1,@ genus_Lutjanus,#m (an esteemed food fish with pinkish red head and body; common in the Atlantic coastal waters of North America and the Gulf of Mexico) }
{ grey_snapper, gray_snapper, mangrove_snapper, Lutjanus_griseus, snapper1,@ genus_Lutjanus,#m (found in shallow waters off the coast of Florida) }
{ mutton_snapper, muttonfish, Lutjanus_analis, snapper1,@ (similar to and often marketed as `red snapper') }
{ schoolmaster, Lutjanus_apodus, snapper1,@ genus_Lutjanus,#m (food fish of warm Caribbean and Atlantic waters) }
{ Ocyurus, genus_Ocyurus, fish_genus,@ family_Lutjanidae,#m (snappers) }
{ yellowtail2, yellowtail_snapper, Ocyurus_chrysurus, snapper1,@ genus_Ocyurus,#m (superior food fish of the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean with broad yellow stripe along the sides and on the tail) }

{ Haemulidae, family_Haemulidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (grunts) }
{ grunt, percoid_fish,@ family_Haemulidae,#m (medium-sized tropical marine food fishes that utter grunting sounds when caught) }
{ Haemulon, genus_Haemulon, fish_genus,@ family_Haemulidae,#m (type genus of the Haemulidae) }
{ margate, Haemulon_album, grunt,@ genus_Haemulon,#m (a grunt with a red mouth that is found from Florida to Brazil) }
{ Spanish_grunt, Haemulon_macrostomum, grunt,@ genus_Haemulon,#m (a kind of grunt) }
{ tomtate, Haemulon_aurolineatum, grunt,@ genus_Haemulon,#m (found off the West Indies and Florida) }
{ cottonwick, Haemulon_malanurum, grunt,@ genus_Haemulon,#m (of warm Atlantic waters) }
{ sailor's-choice1, sailors_choice, Haemulon_parra, grunt,@ genus_Haemulon,#m (a grunt found from Florida to Brazil and Gulf of Mexico) }
{ Anisotremus, genus_Anisotremus, fish_genus,@ family_Haemulidae,#m (a genus of Haemulidae) }
{ porkfish, pork-fish, Anisotremus_virginicus, grunt,@ genus_Anisotremus,#m (black and gold grunt found from Bermuda to Caribbean to Brazil) }
{ pompon, black_margate, Anisotremus_surinamensis, grunt,@ (dusky grey food fish found from Louisiana and Florida southward) }
{ Orthopristis, genus_Orthopristis, fish_genus,@ family_Haemulidae,#m (a genus of Haemulidae) }
{ pigfish, hogfish, Orthopristis_chrysopterus, grunt,@ genus_Orthopristis,#m (found from Long Island southward) }

{ Sparidae, family_Sparidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (porgies; scups) }
{ sparid, sparid_fish, percoid_fish,@ family_Sparidae,#m (spiny-finned food fishes of warm waters having well-developed teeth) }
{ sea_bream, bream2, percoid_fish,@ order_Perciformes,#m (any of numerous marine percoid fishes especially (but not exclusively) of the family Sparidae) }
{ porgy, sea_bream,@ (important deep-bodied food and sport fish of warm and tropical coastal waters; found worldwide) }
{ Pagrus, genus_Pagrus, fish_genus,@ family_Sparidae,#m (a genus of Sparidae) }
{ red_porgy, Pagrus_pagrus, porgy,@ genus_Pagrus,#m (food fish of the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe and America) }
{ Pagellus, genus_Pagellus, fish_genus,@ family_Sparidae,#m (sea breams) }
{ European_sea_bream, Pagellus_centrodontus, sea_bream,@ genus_Pagellus,#m (food fish of European coastal waters) }
{ Archosargus, genus_Archosargus, fish_genus,@ family_Sparidae,#m (a genus of Sparidae) }
{ Atlantic_sea_bream, Archosargus_rhomboidalis, sea_bream,@ genus_Archosargus,#m (sea bream of warm Atlantic waters) }
{ sheepshead, Archosargus_probatocephalus, sparid_fish,@ genus_Archosargus,#m (large (up to 20 lbs) food fish of the eastern coast of the United States and Mexico) }
{ Lagodon, genus_Lagodon, fish_genus,@ family_Sparidae,#m (a genus of Sparidae) }
{ pinfish, sailor's-choice2, squirrelfish2, Lagodon_rhomboides, sparid_fish,@ genus_Lagodon,#m (similar to sea bream; small spiny-finned fish found in bays along the southeastern coast of the United States) }
{ Calamus, genus_Calamus, fish_genus,@ family_Sparidae,#m (a genus of Sparidae) }
{ sheepshead_porgy, Calamus_penna, porgy,@ genus_Calamus,#m (from Florida and Bahamas to Brazil) }
{ Chrysophrys, genus_Chrysophrys, fish_genus,@ family_Sparidae,#m (Australian snapper) }
{ snapper2, Chrysophrys_auratus, sparid_fish,@ genus_Chrysophrys,#m (Australian food fish having a pinkish body with blue spots) }
{ black_bream, Chrysophrys_australis, sea_bream,@ genus_Chrysophrys,#m (important dark-colored edible food and game fish of Australia) }
{ Stenotomus, genus_Stenotomus, fish_genus,@ family_Sparidae,#m (scups) }
{ scup2, northern_porgy, northern_scup, Stenotomus_chrysops, porgy,@ (found in Atlantic coastal waters of North America from South Carolina to Maine; esteemed as a panfish) }
{ scup1, southern_porgy, southern_scup, Stenotomus_aculeatus, porgy,@ (porgy of southern Atlantic coastal waters of North America) }

{ Sciaenidae, family_Sciaenidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (warm-water marine fishes including the drums and grunts and croakers and sea trout) }
{ sciaenid_fish, sciaenid, percoid_fish,@ family_Sciaenidae,#m (widely distributed family of carnivorous percoid fishes having a large air bladder used to produce sound) }
{ drum, drumfish, sciaenid_fish,@ (small to medium-sized bottom-dwelling food and game fishes of shallow coastal and fresh waters that make a drumming noise) }
{ Equetus, genus_Equetus, fish_genus,@ family_Sciaenidae,#m (drumfish) }
{ striped_drum, Equetus_pulcher, drumfish,@ genus_Equetus,#m (a kind of drumfish) }
{ jackknife-fish, Equetus_lanceolatus, drumfish,@ genus_Equetus,#m (black-and-white drumfish with an erect elongated dorsal fin) }
{ Bairdiella, genus_Bairdiella, fish_genus,@ family_Sciaenidae,#m (drumfish) }
{ silver_perch2, mademoiselle, Bairdiella_chrysoura, drumfish,@ genus_Bairdiella,#m (small silvery drumfish often mistaken for white perch; found along coasts of United States from New York to Mexico) }
{ Sciaenops, genus_Sciaenops, fish_genus,@ family_Sciaenidae,#m (a genus of Sciaenidae) }
{ red_drum, channel_bass, redfish2, Sciaenops_ocellatus, drumfish,@ genus_Sciaenops,#m (large edible fish found off coast of United States from Massachusetts to Mexico) }
{ Sciaena, genus_Sciaena, fish_genus,@ family_Sciaenidae,#m (type genus of the Sciaenidae: croakers) }
{ mulloway, jewfish2, Sciaena_antarctica, sciaenid_fish,@ genus_Sciaena,#m (large important food fish of Australia; almost indistinguishable from the maigre) }
{ maigre, maiger, Sciaena_aquila, sciaenid_fish,@ genus_Sciaena,#m (large European marine food fish) }
{ [ croaker, verb.communication:croak1,+ ] sciaenid_fish,@ (any of several fishes that make a croaking noise) }
{ Micropogonias, genus_Micropogonias, fish_genus,@ family_Sciaenidae,#m (croakers) }
{ Atlantic_croaker, Micropogonias_undulatus, croaker,@ genus_Micropogonias,#m (a silvery-bodied croaker with dark markings and tiny barbels) }
{ Umbrina, genus_Umbrina, fish_genus,@ family_Sciaenidae,#m (croakers) }
{ yellowfin_croaker, surffish2, surf_fish2, Umbrina_roncador, croaker,@ genus_Umbrina,#m (a fish of the Pacific coast of North America) }
{ Menticirrhus, genus_Menticirrhus, fish_genus,@ family_Sciaenidae,#m (kingfishes; whiting) }
{ whiting1, sciaenid_fish,@ genus_Menticirrhus,#m (any of several food fishes of North American coastal waters) }
{ kingfish1, whiting1,@ genus_Menticirrhus,#m (any of several food and game fishes of the drum family indigenous to warm Atlantic waters of the North American coast) }
{ king_whiting, Menticirrhus_americanus, whiting1,@ genus_Menticirrhus,#m (whiting of the southeastern coast of North America) }
{ northern_whiting, Menticirrhus_saxatilis, whiting1,@ (whiting of the east coast of United States; closely resembles king whiting) }
{ corbina, Menticirrhus_undulatus, whiting1,@ (bluish-grey whiting of California coast) }
{ silver_whiting, Menticirrhus_littoralis, whiting1,@ genus_Menticirrhus,#m (a dull silvery whiting of southern Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States) }
{ Genyonemus, genus_Genyonemus, fish_genus,@ family_Sciaenidae,#m (a genus of Sciaenidae) }
{ white_croaker1, chenfish, kingfish3, Genyonemus_lineatus, croaker,@ genus_Genyonemus,#m (small silvery marine food fish found off California) }
{ Seriphus, genus_Seriphus, fish_genus,@ family_Sciaenidae,#m (a genus of Sciaenidae) }
{ white_croaker2, queenfish, Seriphus_politus, croaker,@ genus_Seriphus,#m (silvery and bluish drumfish of shallow California coastal waters) }
{ sea_trout2, sciaenid_fish,@ (any of several sciaenid fishes of North American coastal waters) }
{ Cynoscion, genus_Cynoscion, fish_genus,@ family_Sciaenidae,#m (sea trout) }
{ weakfish, Cynoscion_regalis, sea_trout2,@ genus_Cynoscion,#m (food and game fish of North American coastal waters with a mouth from which hooks easily tear out) }
{ spotted_weakfish, spotted_sea_trout, spotted_squeateague, Cynoscion_nebulosus, sea_trout2,@ genus_Cynoscion,#m (weakfish of southern Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of United States) }

{ Mullidae, family_Mullidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (goatfishes or red mullets) }
{ mullet1, percoid_fish,@ bottom-dweller,@ family_Mullidae,#m (bottom dwelling marine warm water fishes with two barbels on the chin) }
{ Mullus, genus_Mullus, fish_genus,@ family_Mullidae,#m (type genus of the Mullidae: goatfishes) }
{ goatfish, red_mullet, surmullet, Mullus_surmuletus, mullet1,@ genus_Mullus,#m (brightly colored tropical fishes with chin barbels) }
{ red_goatfish, Mullus_auratus, goatfish,@ genus_Mullus,#m (body bright scarlet with 2 yellow to reddish strips on side) }
{ Mulloidichthys, genus_Mulloidichthys, fish_genus,@ family_Mullidae,#m (a genus of Mullidae) }
{ yellow_goatfish, Mulloidichthys_martinicus, goatfish,@ genus_Mulloidichthys,#m (schooling goatfish; greyish with yellow stripe) }

{ Mugiloidea, suborder_Mugiloidea, animal_order,@ order_Perciformes,#m (fishes distinguished by abdominal pelvic fins: families Mugilidae; Atherinidae; Sphyraenidae) }
{ Mugilidae, family_Mugilidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Mugiloidea,#m (grey mullets) }
{ mullet2, grey_mullet, gray_mullet, percoid_fish,@ family_Mugilidae,#m (freshwater or coastal food fishes a spindle-shaped body; found worldwide) }
{ Mugil, genus_Mugil, fish_genus,@ family_Mugilidae,#m (type genus of the Mugilidae: mullets) }
{ striped_mullet, Mugil_cephalus, mullet2,@ genus_Mugil,#m (most important commercial mullet in eastern United States) }
{ white_mullet, Mugil_curema, mullet2,@ genus_Mugil,#m (silvery mullet of Atlantic and Pacific coasts) }
{ liza, Mugil_liza, mullet2,@ genus_Mugil,#m (similar to the striped mullet and takes its place in the Caribbean region) }

{ Atherinidae, family_Atherinidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Mugiloidea,#m (small spiny-finned fishes of both salt and fresh water) }
{ silversides1, silverside1, spiny-finned_fish,@ family_Atherinidae,#m (small fishes having a silver stripe along each side; abundant along the Atlantic coast of the United States) }
{ Atherinopsis, genus_Atherinopsis, fish_genus,@ family_Atherinidae,#m (a genus of Atherinidae) }
{ jacksmelt, Atherinopsis_californiensis, silversides1,@ genus_Atherinopsis,#m (a relatively large silversides of the Pacific coast of North America (known to reach 18 inches in length)) }

{ Sphyraenidae, family_Sphyraenidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Mugiloidea,#m (monotypic family of large active fishes of tropical and subtropical waters: barracuda) }
{ Sphyraena, genus_Sphyraena, fish_genus,@ family_Sphyraenidae,#m (type and sole genus of the Sphyraenidae: barracuda) }
{ barracuda, spiny-finned_fish,@ (any voracious marine fish of the genus Sphyraena having an elongated cylindrical body and large mouth with projecting lower jaw and long strong teeth) }
{ great_barracuda, Sphyraena_barracuda, barracuda,@ (large (up to 6 ft) greyish-brown barracuda highly regarded as a food and sport fish; may be dangerous to swimmers) }

{ Pempheridae, family_Pempheridae, fish_family,@ subclass_Teleostei,#m (sweepers) }
{ sweeper, teleost_fish,@ family_Pempheridae,#m (little-known nocturnal fish of warm shallow seas with an oblong compressed body) }

{ Kyphosidae, family_Kyphosidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (sea chubs) }
{ sea_chub, percoid_fish,@ family_Kyphosidae,#m (schooling fishes mostly of Indian and western Pacific oceans; two species in western Atlantic) }
{ Kyphosus, genus_Kyphosus, fish_genus,@ family_Kyphosidae,#m (type genus of the Kyphosidae) }
{ Bermuda_chub, rudderfish2, Kyphosus_sectatrix, sea_chub,@ genus_Kyphosus,#m (food and game fish around Bermuda and Florida; often follow ships) }

{ Ephippidae, family_Ephippidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (small family comprising the spadefishes) }
{ Chaetodipterus, genus_Chaetodipterus, fish_genus,@ family_Ephippidae,#m (a genus of Ephippidae) }
{ spadefish, angelfish3, Chaetodipterus_faber, percoid_fish,@ genus_Chaetodipterus,#m (deep-bodied disk-shaped food fish of warmer western Atlantic coastal waters) }

{ Chaetodontidae, family_Chaetodontidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (butterfly fishes) }
{ butterfly_fish, percoid_fish,@ family_Chaetodontidae,#m (small usually brilliantly colored tropical marine fishes having narrow deep bodies with large broad fins; found worldwide) }
{ genus_Chaetodon, fish_genus,@ family_Chaetodontidae,#m (type genus of the Chaetodontidae) }
{ chaetodon, butterfly_fish,@ genus_Chaetodon,#m (any fish of the genus Chaetodon) }
{ Pomacanthus, genus_Pomacanthus, fish_genus,@ family_Chaetodontidae,#m (angelfishes) }
{ angelfish2, butterfly_fish,@ genus_Pomacanthus,#m (a butterfly fish of the genus Pomacanthus) }
{ rock_beauty, Holocanthus_tricolor, butterfly_fish,@ (gold and black butterflyfish found from West Indies to Brazil) }
{ Pomacentridae, family_Pomacentridae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (damselfishes) }
{ damselfish, demoiselle, percoid_fish,@ family_Pomacentridae,#m (small brilliantly colored tropical marine fishes of coral reefs) }
{ Pomacentrus, genus_Pomacentrus, fish_genus,@ family_Pomacentridae,#m (type genus of the Pomacentridae: damselfishes) }
{ beaugregory, Pomacentrus_leucostictus, damselfish,@ genus_Pomacentrus,#m (a blue and yellow damselfish of Bermuda and Florida and the West Indies) }
{ Amphiprion, genus_Amphiprion, fish_genus,@ family_Pomacentridae,#m (damsel fishes) }
{ anemone_fish, damselfish,@ genus_Amphiprion,#m (live associated with sea anemones) }
{ clown_anemone_fish, Amphiprion_percula, anemone_fish,@ genus_Amphiprion,#m (an anemone fish of the genus Amphiprion) }
{ Abudefduf, genus_Abudefduf, fish_genus,@ family_Pomacentridae,#m (damsel fishes) }
{ sergeant_major, Abudefduf_saxatilis, damselfish,@ genus_Abudefduf,#m (large blue-grey black-striped damselfish; nearly worldwide) }

{ Labridae, family_Labridae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (wrasses) }
{ wrasse, percoid_fish,@ (chiefly tropical marine fishes with fleshy lips and powerful teeth; usually brightly colored) }
{ Achoerodus, genus_Achoerodus, fish_genus,@ family_Labridae,#m (a genus of Labridae) }
{ pigfish1, giant_pigfish, Achoerodus_gouldii, wrasse,@ genus_Achoerodus,#m (found around the Great Barrier Reef) }
{ Lachnolaimus, genus_Lachnolaimus, fish_genus,@ family_Labridae,#m (a genus of Labridae) }
{ hogfish1, hog_snapper, Lachnolaimus_maximus, wrasse,@ (large wrasse of western Atlantic; head of male resembles a pig's snout) }
{ Halicoeres, genus_Halicoeres, fish_genus,@ family_Labridae,#m (a genus of Labridae) }
{ slippery_dick, Halicoeres_bivittatus, wrasse,@ genus_Halicoeres,#m (small wrasse of tropical Atlantic) }
{ puddingwife, pudding-wife, Halicoeres_radiatus, wrasse,@ genus_Halicoeres,#m (bluish and bronze wrasse; found from Florida keys to Brazil) }
{ Thalassoma, genus_Thalassoma, fish_genus,@ family_Labridae,#m (a genus of Labridae) }
{ bluehead, Thalassoma_bifasciatum, wrasse,@ genus_Thalassoma,#m (small Atlantic wrasse the male of which has a brilliant blue head) }
{ Hemipteronatus, genus_Hemipteronatus, fish_genus,@ family_Labridae,#m (razor fish) }
{ razor_fish, razor-fish, wrasse,@ genus_Hemipteronatus,#m (any of several small wrasses with compressed sharp-edged heads of the West Indies and Mediterranean) }
{ pearly_razorfish, Hemipteronatus_novacula, razor_fish,@ genus_Hemipteronatus,#m (a kind of razor fish) }
{ Tautoga, genus_Tautoga, fish_genus,@ family_Labridae,#m (tautogs) }
{ tautog, blackfish3, Tautoga_onitis, wrasse,@ genus_Tautoga,#m (large dark-colored food fish of the Atlantic coast of North America) }
{ Tautogolabrus, genus_Tautogolabrus, fish_genus,@ family_Labridae,#m (a genus of Labridae) }
{ cunner, bergall, Tautogolabrus_adspersus, wrasse,@ genus_Tautogolabrus,#m (common in north Atlantic coastal waters of the United States) }
{ Scaridae, family_Scaridae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (parrotfishes) }
{ parrotfish, polly_fish, pollyfish, percoid_fish,@ family_Scaridae,#m (gaudy tropical fishes with parrotlike beaks formed by fusion of teeth) }
{ Polynemidae, family_Polynemidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (threadfins) }
{ threadfin, percoid_fish,@ family_Polynemidae,#m (mullet-like tropical marine fishes having pectoral fins with long threadlike rays) }
{ Polydactylus, genus_Polydactylus, fish_genus,@ family_Polynemidae,#m (a genus of Polynemidae) }
{ barbu, Polydactylus_virginicus, threadfin,@ genus_Polydactylus,#m (found along western Atlantic coast) }

{ Opisthognathidae, family_Opisthognathidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (jawfishes) }
{ jawfish, percoid_fish,@ family_Opisthognathidae,#m (small large-mouthed tropical marine fishes common along sandy bottoms; males brood egg balls in their mouths; popular aquarium fishes) }
{ Uranoscopidae, family_Uranoscopidae, fish_family,@ order_perciformes,#m (stargazers) }
{ stargazer, percoid_fish,@ family_Uranoscopidae,#m (heavy-bodied marine bottom-lurkers with eyes on flattened top of the head) }
{ Dactyloscopidae, family_Dactyloscopidae, fish_family,@ (sand stargazers) }
{ sand_stargazer, percoid_fish,@ family_Dactyloscopidae,#m (small pallid fishes of shoal tropical waters of North America and South America having eyes on stalks atop head; they burrow in sand to await prey) }

{ Blennioidea, suborder_Blennioidea, animal_order,@ order_Perciformes,#m (blennies; butterfishes; gunnels) }
{ blennioid_fish, blennioid, percoid_fish,@ suborder_Blennioidea,#m (elongated mostly scaleless marine fishes with large pectoral fins and reduced pelvic fins) }
{ Blenniidae, family_Blenniidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Blennioidea,#m (a family of fish including: combtooth blennies) }
{ blenny, combtooth_blenny, blennioid_fish,@ family_Blenniidae,#m (small usually scaleless fishes with comb-like teeth living about rocky shores; are territorial and live in holes between rocks) }
{ Blennius, genus_Blennius, fish_genus,@ family_Blenniidae,#m (type genus of the Blenniidae) }
{ shanny, Blennius_pholis, blenny,@ genus_Blennius,#m (European scaleless blenny) }
{ Scartella, genus_Scartella, fish_genus,@ family_Blenniidae,#m (a genus of Blenniidae) }
{ Molly_Miller, Scartella_cristata, blenny,@ genus_Scartella,#m (inhabits both coasts of tropical Atlantic) }
{ Clinidae, family_Clinidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Blennioidea,#m (viviparous blennies of temperate and tropical seas) }
{ clinid, clinid_fish, blennioid_fish,@ family_Clinidae,#m (mostly small blennioid fishes of coral reefs and seagrass beds) }
{ Chaenopsis, genus_Chaenopsis, fish_genus,@ family_Clinidae,#m (a genus of fish of the family Clinidae including pikeblennies) }
{ pikeblenny, blennioid_fish,@ genus_Chaenopsis,#m (tropical American fishes; males are aggressively defensive of their territory) }
{ bluethroat_pikeblenny, Chaenopsis_ocellata, pikeblenny,@ genus_Chaenopsis,#m (found from Florida to Cuba) }
{ Pholidae, family_Pholidae, family_Pholididae, fish_family,@ suborder_Blennioidea,#m (a family of fish of suborder Blennioidea) }
{ gunnel, bracketed_blenny, blennioid_fish,@ family_Pholidae,#m (small eellike fishes common in shallow waters of the northern Atlantic) }
{ Pholis, genus_Pholis, fish_genus,@ family_Pholidae,#m (type genus of the Pholidae: gunnels) }
{ rock_gunnel, butterfish2, Pholis_gunnellus, gunnel,@ genus_Pholis,#m (slippery scaleless food fish of the northern Atlantic coastal waters) }
{ Stichaeidae, family_Stichaeidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Blennioidea,#m (pricklebacks) }
{ prickleback, blennioid_fish,@ (small elongate fishes of shallow northern seas; a long dorsal fin consists entirely of spines) }
{ Lumpenus, genus_Lumpenus, fish_genus,@ family_Stichaeidae,#m (a genus of Stichaeidae) }
{ snakeblenny, Lumpenus_lumpretaeformis, prickleback,@ genus_Lumpenus,#m (found in Arctic and northern Atlantic waters) }
{ eelblenny, prickleback,@ genus_Lumpenus,#m (eellike fishes found in subarctic coastal waters) }
{ Cryptacanthodes, genus_Cryptacanthodes, fish_genus,@ family_Stichaeidae,#m (a genus of Stichaeidae) }
{ wrymouth, ghostfish, Cryptacanthodes_maculatus, blennioid_fish,@ genus_Cryptacanthodes,#m (eellike Atlantic bottom fish with large almost vertical mouth) }

{ Anarhichadidae, family_Anarhichadidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Blennioidea,#m (wolffishes) }
{ Anarhichas, genus_Anarhichas, fish_genus,@ family_Anarhichadidae,#m (type genus of the Anarhichadidae) }
{ wolffish1, wolf_fish1, catfish2, blennioid_fish,@ genus_Anarhichas,#m (large ferocious northern deep-sea food fishes with strong teeth and no pelvic fins) }

{ Zoarcidae, family_Zoarcidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Blennioidea,#m (eelpouts) }
{ eelpout1, pout2, blennioid_fish,@ family_Zoarcidae,#m (marine eellike mostly bottom-dwelling fishes of northern seas) }
{ Zoarces, genus_Zoarces, fish_genus,@ family_Zoarcidae,#m (type genus of the Zoarcidae) }
{ viviparous_eelpout, Zoarces_viviparus, eelpout1,@ genus_Zoarces,#m (an eelpout of northern Europe that is viviparous) }
{ Gymnelis, genus_Gymnelis, fish_genus,@ family_Zoarcidae,#m (a genus of Zoarcidae) }
{ fish_doctor, Gymnelis_viridis, eelpout1,@ genus_Gymnelis,#m (brightly colored scaleless Arctic eelpout) }
{ Macrozoarces, genus_Macrozoarces, fish_genus,@ family_Zoarcidae,#m (a genus of Zoarcidae) }
{ ocean_pout, Macrozoarces_americanus, eelpout1,@ genus_Macrozoarces,#m (common along northeastern coast of North America) }
{ Ammodytidae, family_Ammodytidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (sand lances) }
{ Ammodytes, genus_Ammodytes, fish_genus,@ family_Ammodytidae,#m (type genus of the Ammodytidae) }
{ sand_lance, sand_launce, sand_eel, launce, spiny-finned_fish,@ genus_Ammodytes,#m (very small silvery eellike schooling fishes that burrow into sandy beaches) }
{ Callionymidae, family_Callionymidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (dragonets) }
{ dragonet, spiny-finned_fish,@ family_Callionymidae,#m (small often brightly colored scaleless marine bottom-dwellers; found in tropical and warm temperate waters of Europe and America) }

{ Gobiidae, family_Gobiidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (gobies) }
{ goby, gudgeon2, percoid_fish,@ family_Gobiidae,#m (small spiny-finned fish of coastal or brackish waters having a large head and elongated tapering body having the ventral fins modified as a sucker) }
{ Periophthalmus, genus_Periophthalmus, fish_genus,@ family_Gobiidae,#m (a genus of Gobiidae) }
{ mudskipper, mudspringer, goby,@ genus_Periophthalmus,#m (found in tropical coastal regions of Africa and Asia; able to move on land on strong pectoral fins) }
{ Eleotridae, family_Eleotridae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (sleepers) }
{ sleeper, sleeper_goby, percoid_fish,@ family_Eleotridae,#m (tropical fish that resembles a goby and rests quietly on the bottom in shallow water) }

{ Percophidae, family_Percophidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (percoid flatheads) }
{ flathead3, percoid_fish,@ family_Percophidae,#m (pallid bottom-dwelling flat-headed fish with large eyes and a duck-like snout) }

{ Toxotidae, family_Toxotidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (archerfishes) }
{ Toxotes, genus_Toxotes, fish_genus,@ family_Toxotidae,#m (type genus of the Toxotidae) }
{ archerfish, Toxotes_jaculatrix, percoid_fish,@ genus_Toxotes,#m (any of several small freshwater fishes that catch insects by squirting water at them and knocking them into the water; found in Indonesia and Australia) }
{ Microdesmidae, family_Microdesmidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (worm fish) }
{ worm_fish, percoid_fish,@ family_Microdesmidae,#m (poorly known family of small tropical shallow-water fishes related to gobies) }
{ Acanthuridae, family_Acanthuridae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (surgeonfishes) }
{ surgeonfish, percoid_fish,@ family_Acanthuridae,#m (brightly colored coral-reef fish with knifelike spines at the tail) }
{ Acanthurus, genus_Acanthurus, fish_genus,@ family_Acanthuridae,#m (type genus of the Acanthuridae: doctorfishes) }
{ doctorfish, doctor-fish, Acanthurus_chirurgus, surgeonfish,@ genus_Acanthurus,#m (surgeon fish of the West Indies) }
{ Gempylidae, family_Gempylidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (snake mackerels) }
{ gempylid, percoid_fish,@ family_Gempylidae,#m (snake mackerels; elongated marine fishes with oily flesh; resembles mackerels; found worldwide) }
{ Gempylus, genus_Gempylus, fish_genus,@ family_Gempylidae,#m (type genus of the Gempylidae) }
{ snake_mackerel, Gempylus_serpens, gempylid,@ family_Gempylidae,#m (predatory tropical fishes with jutting jaws and strong teeth) }
{ Lepidocybium, genus_Lepidocybium, fish_genus,@ family_Gempylidae,#m (a genus of Gempylidae) }
{ escolar, Lepidocybium_flavobrunneum, gempylid,@ genus_Lepidocybium,#m (large snake mackerel with rings like spectacles around its eyes) }
{ oilfish, Ruvettus_pretiosus, gempylid,@ (very large deep-water snake mackerel) }
{ Trichiuridae, family_Trichiuridae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (cutlassfishes) }
{ cutlassfish, frost_fish, hairtail, percoid_fish,@ family_Trichiuridae,#m (long-bodied marine fishes having a long whiplike scaleless body and sharp teeth; closely related to snake mackerel) }

{ Scombroidea, suborder_Scombroidea, animal_order,@ order_Perciformes,#m (mackerels; tunas; albacores; bonitos; swordfishes; sailfishes) }
{ scombroid, scombroid_fish, percoid_fish,@ suborder_Scombroidea,#m (important marine food and game fishes found in all tropical and temperate seas; some are at least partially endothermic and can thrive in colder waters) }
{ Scombridae, family_Scombridae, fish_family,@ suborder_Scombroidea,#m (marine food fishes: mackerels; chub mackerels; tuna) }
{ mackerel, scombroid_fish,@ family_Scombridae,#m (any of various fishes of the family Scombridae) }
{ Scomber, genus_Scomber, fish_genus,@ family_Scombridae,#m (type genus of the Scombridae) }
{ common_mackerel, shiner2, Scomber_scombrus, mackerel,@ genus_Scomber,#m (important food fish of the northern Atlantic and Mediterranean; its body is greenish-blue with dark bars and small if any scales) }
{ Spanish_mackerel2, Scomber_colias, mackerel,@ genus_Scomber,#m (medium-sized mackerel of temperate Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico) }
{ chub_mackerel, tinker, Scomber_japonicus, mackerel,@ genus_Scomber,#m (small mackerel found nearly worldwide) }
{ Acanthocybium, genus_Acanthocybium, fish_genus,@ family_Scombridae,#m (wahoos) }
{ wahoo, Acanthocybium_solandri, mackerel,@ genus_Acanthocybium,#m (large fast-moving predacious food and game fish; found worldwide) }
{ Scomberomorus, genus_Scomberomorus, fish_genus,@ family_Scombridae,#m (Spanish mackerels) }
{ Spanish_mackerel, mackerel,@ genus_Scomberomorus,#m (any of several large marine food fishes of the genus Scomberomorus) }
{ king_mackerel, cavalla, cero2, Scomberomorus_cavalla, Spanish_mackerel,@ genus_Scomberomorus,#m (large mackerel with long pointed snout; important food and game fish of the eastern Atlantic coast southward to Brazil) }
{ Scomberomorus_maculatus, Spanish_mackerel,@ genus_Scomberomorus,#m (a large commercially important mackerel of the Atlantic coastal waters of North America) }
{ cero, pintado, kingfish2, Scomberomorus_regalis, Spanish_mackerel,@ genus_Scomberomorus,#m (large edible mackerel of temperate United States coastal Atlantic waters) }
{ sierra, Scomberomorus_sierra, Spanish_mackerel,@ (a Spanish mackerel of western North America) }
{ Thunnus, genus_Thunnus, fish_genus,@ family_Scombridae,#m (tunas: warm-blooded fishes) }
{ tuna1, tunny, scombroid_fish,@ food_fish,@ genus_Thunnus,#m (any very large marine food and game fish of the genus Thunnus; related to mackerel; chiefly of warm waters) }
{ albacore, long-fin_tunny, Thunnus_alalunga, tuna1,@ (large pelagic tuna the source of most canned tuna; reaches 93 pounds and has long pectoral fins; found worldwide in tropical and temperate waters) }
{ bluefin, bluefin_tuna, horse_mackerel3, Thunnus_thynnus, tuna1,@ genus_Thunnus,#m (largest tuna; to 1500 pounds; of mostly temperate seas: feed in polar regions but breed in tropics) }
{ yellowfin, yellowfin_tuna, Thunnus_albacares, tuna1,@ genus_Thunnus,#m (may reach 400 pounds; worldwide in tropics) }
{ Sarda, genus_Sarda, fish_genus,@ family_Scombridae,#m (bonitos) }
{ bonito1, scombroid_fish,@ genus_Sarda,#m (any of various scombroid fishes intermediate in size and characteristics between mackerels and tunas) }
{ skipjack2, Atlantic_bonito, Sarda_sarda, bonito1,@ genus_Sarda,#m (medium-sized tuna-like food fish of warm Atlantic and Pacific waters; less valued than tuna) }
{ Chile_bonito, Chilean_bonito, Pacific_bonito, Sarda_chiliensis, bonito1,@ genus_Sarda,#m (common bonito of Pacific coast of the Americas; its dark oily flesh cans well) }
{ Euthynnus, genus_Euthynnus, fish_genus,@ family_Scombridae,#m (a genus of Scombridae) }
{ skipjack1, skipjack_tuna, Euthynnus_pelamis, scombroid_fish,@ genus_Euthynnus,#m (oceanic schooling tuna of considerable value in Pacific but less in Atlantic; reaches 75 pounds; very similar to if not the same as oceanic bonito) }
{ Katsuwonus, genus_Katsuwonus, fish_genus,@ family_Scombridae,#m (oceanic bonitos; in some classifications placed in its own family Katsuwonidae) }
{ Katsuwonidae, family_Kasuwonidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Scombroidea,#m (in some classifications considered a separate family comprising the oceanic bonitos) }
{ bonito2, oceanic_bonito, Katsuwonus_pelamis, scombroid_fish,@ genus_Katsuwonus,#m (fish whose flesh is dried and flaked for Japanese cookery; may be same species as skipjack tuna) }

{ Xiphiidae, family_Xiphiidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Scombroidea,#m (comprising the common swordfishes) }
{ Xiphias, genus_Xiphias, fish_genus,@ family_Xiphiidae,#m (type genus of the Xiphiidae) }
{ swordfish, Xiphias_gladius, scombroid_fish,@ genus_Xiphias,#m (large toothless marine food fish with a long swordlike upper jaw; not completely cold-blooded i.e. they are able to warm their brains and eyes: worldwide in warm waters but feed on cold ocean floor coming to surface at night) }

{ Istiophoridae, family_Istiophoridae, fish_family,@ suborder_Scombroidea,#m (sailfishes; spearfishes; marlins) }
{ sailfish, scombroid_fish,@ family_Istiophoridae,#m (large pelagic game fish having an elongated upper jaw and long dorsal fin that resembles a sail) }
{ Istiophorus, genus_Istiophorus, fish_genus,@ family_Istiophoridae,#m (type genus of the Istiophoridae) }
{ Atlantic_sailfish, Istiophorus_albicans, sailfish,@ genus_Istiophorus,#m (a kind of sailfish) }
{ billfish1, scombroid_fish,@ family_Istiophoridae,#m (giant warm-water game fish having a prolonged and rounded toothless upper jaw) }
{ Makaira, genus_Makaira, fish_genus,@ family_Istiophoridae,#m (marlins) }
{ marlin, billfish1,@ genus_Makaira,#m (large long-jawed oceanic sport fishes; related to sailfishes and spearfishes; not completely cold-blooded i.e. able to warm their brains and eyes) }
{ blue_marlin, Makaira_nigricans, marlin,@ (largest marlin; may reach 2000 pounds; found worldwide in warm seas) }
{ black_marlin, Makaira_mazara, Makaira_marlina, marlin,@ (large game fish in the Pacific Ocean; may reach 1000 pounds) }
{ striped_marlin, Makaira_mitsukurii, marlin,@ (Pacific food and game fish marked with dark blue vertical stripes) }
{ white_marlin, Makaira_albida, marlin,@ (small marlin (to 180 pounds) of western Atlantic) }
{ Tetrapturus, genus_Tetrapturus, fish_genus,@ family_Istiophoridae,#m (a genus of Istiophoridae) }
{ spearfish1, billfish1,@ genus_Tetrapturus,#m (any of several large vigorous pelagic fishes resembling sailfishes but with first dorsal fin much reduced; worldwide but rare) }
{ Luvaridae, family_Luvaridae, fish_family,@ suborder_Scombroidea,#m (louvars) }
{ Luvarus, genus_Luvarus, fish_genus,@ family_Luvaridae,#m (type genus of the Luvaridae) }
{ louvar, Luvarus_imperialis, scombroid_fish,@ genus_Luvarus,#m (large silvery fish found worldwide in warm seas but nowhere common; resembles a whale and feeds on plankton) }

{ Stromateidae, family_Stromateidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (butterfishes: harvest fishes; dollar fishes) }
{ butterfish1, stromateid_fish, stromateid, percoid_fish,@ family_Stromateidae,#m (small marine fish with a short compressed body and feeble spines) }
{ Poronotus, genus_Poronotus, fish_genus,@ family_Stromateidae,#m (a genus of Stromateidae) }
{ dollarfish1, Poronotus_triacanthus, butterfish1,@ genus_Poronotus,#m (small food fish of Atlantic coast) }
{ genus_Palometa, fish_genus,@ family_Stromateidae,#m (a genus of Stromateidae) }
{ palometa, California_pompano, Palometa_simillima, butterfish1,@ genus_Palometa,#m (smaller than Florida pompano; common in West Indies) }
{ Paprilus, genus_Paprilus, fish_genus,@ family_Stromateidae,#m (a genus of Stromateidae) }
{ harvestfish, Paprilus_alepidotus, butterfish1,@ genus_Paprilus,#m (butterfish up to a foot long of Atlantic waters from Chesapeake Bay to Argentina) }
{ Psenes, genus_Psenes, fish_genus,@ family_Stromateidae,#m (a genus of Stromateidae) }
{ driftfish1, butterfish1,@ genus_Psenes,#m (small (6 inches) tropical butterfishes found worldwide) }
{ Ariomma, genus_Ariomma, fish_genus,@ family_Stromateidae,#m (a genus of Stromateidae) }
{ driftfish2, butterfish1,@ genus_Ariomma,#m (larger butterfishes of the western Atlantic from the New York area to the northern Gulf of Mexico) }
{ Tetragonurus, genus_Tetragonurus, fish_genus,@ family_Stromateidae,#m (a genus of Stromateidae) }
{ squaretail, scombroid_fish,@ genus_Tetragonurus,#m (sluggish square-tailed fish armored with tough bony scales; of deep warm waters) }
{ Hyperoglyphe, genus_Hyperoglyphe, fish_genus,@ family_Stromateidae,#m (a genus of Stromateidae) }
{ barrelfish, black_rudderfish, Hyperglyphe_perciformis, stromateid_fish,@ genus_Hyperoglyphe,#m (blackish fish of New England waters) }

{ Gobiesocidae, family_Gobiesocidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (clingfishes) }
{ Gobiesox, genus_Gobiesox, fish_genus,@ family_Gobiesocidae,#m (type genus of the Gobiesocidae) }
{ clingfish, percoid_fish,@ family_Gobiesocidae,#m (very small (to 3 inches) flattened marine fish with a sucking disc on the abdomen for clinging to rocks etc.) }
{ skillet_fish, skilletfish, Gobiesox_strumosus, clingfish,@ (clingfish with typical skillet shape) }

{ Lobotidae, family_Lobotidae, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (tripletails) }
{ Lobotes, genus_Lobotes, fish_genus,@ family_Lobotidae,#m (type genus of the Lobotidae) }
{ tripletail, percoid_fish,@ genus_Lobotes,#m (large food fish of warm waters worldwide having long anal and dorsal fins that with a caudal fin suggest a three-lobed tail) }
{ Atlantic_tripletail, Lobotes_surinamensis, tripletail,@ (tripletail found from Cape Cod to northern South America) }
{ Pacific_tripletail, Lobotes_pacificus, tripletail,@ (tripletail found in the Pacific) }

{ Gerreidae, family_Gerreidae, Gerridae2, family_Gerridae2, fish_family,@ order_Perciformes,#m (mojarras) }
{ mojarra, percoid_fish,@ family_Gerreidae,#m (small silvery schooling fishes with protrusible mouths found in warm coastal waters) }
{ Gerres, genus_Gerres, fish_genus,@ family_Gerreidae,#m (type genus of the Gerreidae) }
{ yellowfin_mojarra, Gerres_cinereus, mojarra,@ genus_Gerres,#m (popular panfish from Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico to Brazil) }
{ Eucinostomus, genus_Eucinostomus, fish_genus,@ family_Gerreidae,#m (a genus of Gerreidae) }
{ silver_jenny, Eucinostomus_gula, mojarra,@ genus_Eucinostomus,#m (silvery mojarra found along sandy shores of the western Atlantic) }

{ Sillaginidae, family_Sillaginidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Percoidea,#m (small family of small food fishes in shallow waters of the Pacific around Indonesia) }
{ Sillago, genus_Sillago, fish_genus,@ family_Sillaginidae,#m (type genus of the Sillaginidae) }
{ whiting3, percoid_fish,@ genus_Sillago,#m (a small fish of the genus Sillago; excellent food fish) }

{ ganoin, ganoine, noun.body:secretion,@ (shiny substance that resemble enamel and is secreted by the corium of certain fishes (especially ganoid fishes) and composes the outer layer of their scales) }

{ Ganoidei, order_Ganoidei, animal_order,@ subclass_Teleostei,#m (a group of mostly extinct primitive bony fishes characterized by armor-like bony scales) }
{ ganoid, ganoid_fish, teleost_fish,@ order_Ganoidei,#m (primitive fishes having thick bony scales with a shiny covering) }
{ Amiidae, family_Amiidae, fish_family,@ order_Ganoidei,#m (only the bowfins) }
{ Amia, genus_Amia, fish_genus,@ family_Amiidae,#m (type genus of the Amiidae) }
{ bowfin, grindle, dogfish1, Amia_calva, ganoid_fish,@ genus_Amia,#m (primitive long-bodied carnivorous freshwater fish with a very long dorsal fin; found in sluggish waters of North America) }
{ Polyodontidae, family_Polyodontidae, fish_family,@ order_Ganoidei,#m (paddlefishes) }
{ Polyodon, genus_Polyodon, fish_genus,@ family_Polyodontidae,#m (type genus of the Polyodontidae) }
{ paddlefish, duckbill2, Polyodon_spathula, ganoid_fish,@ genus_Polyodon,#m (primitive fish of the Mississippi valley having a long paddle-shaped snout) }
{ Psephurus, genus_Psephurus, fish_genus,@ family_Polyodontidae,#m (a genus of Polyodontidae) }
{ Chinese_paddlefish, Psephurus_gladis, ganoid_fish,@ genus_Psephurus,#m (fish of larger rivers of China similar to the Mississippi paddlefish) }
{ Acipenseridae, family_Acipenseridae, fish_family,@ order_Ganoidei,#m (sturgeons) }
{ sturgeon, ganoid_fish,@ family_Acipenseridae,#m (large primitive fishes valued for their flesh and roe; widely distributed in the North Temperate Zone) }
{ Acipenser, genus_Acipenser, fish_genus,@ family_Acipenseridae,#m (type genus of the Acipenseridae: sturgeons) }
{ Pacific_sturgeon, white_sturgeon1, Sacramento_sturgeon, Acipenser_transmontanus, sturgeon,@ genus_Acipenser,#m (food and game fish of marine and fresh waters of northwestern coast of North America) }
{ beluga1, hausen, white_sturgeon2, Acipenser_huso, sturgeon,@ genus_Acipenser,#m (valuable source of caviar and isinglass; found in Black and Caspian seas) }
{ Lepisosteidae, family_Lepisosteidae, fish_family,@ order_Ganoidei,#m (comprises the genus Lepisosteus) }
{ Lepisosteus, genus_Lepisosteus, fish_genus,@ family_Lepisosteidae,#m (type genus of the Lepisosteidae: freshwater gars) }
{ gar1, garfish, garpike, billfish3, Lepisosteus_osseus, ganoid_fish,@ genus_Lepisosteus,#m (primitive predaceous North American fish covered with hard scales and having long jaws with needlelike teeth) }

{ Scleroparei, order_Scleroparei, animal_order,@ superorder_Acanthopterygii,#m (scorpionfishes; sculpins; gurnards; greenlings; flying gurnards) }
{ Scorpaenoidea, suborder_Scorpaenoidea, animal_order,@ superorder_Acanthopterygii,#m (mail-cheeked fishes: scorpionfishes; gurnards) }
{ scorpaenoid, scorpaenoid_fish, spiny-finned_fish,@ suborder_Scorpaenoidea,#m (fishes having the head armored with bony plates) }
{ Scorpaenidae, family_Scorpaenidae, fish_family,@ (scorpionfishes; rockfishes; lionfishes) }
{ scorpaenid, scorpaenid_fish, scorpaenoid_fish,@ family_Scorpaenidae,#m (any of numerous carnivorous usually bottom-dwelling warm-water marine fishes found worldwide but most abundant in the Pacific) }
{ Scorpaena, genus_Scorpaena, fish_genus,@ family_Scorpaenidae,#m (type genus of the Scorpaenidae: scorpionfishes) }
{ scorpionfish, scorpion_fish, sea_scorpion, scorpaenid,@ genus_Scorpaena,#m (marine fishes having a tapering body with an armored head and venomous spines) }
{ plumed_scorpionfish, Scorpaena_grandicornis, scorpionfish,@ genus_Scorpaena,#m (a kind of scorpionfish) }
{ Pterois, genus_Pterois, fish_genus,@ family_Scorpaenidae,#m (lionfishes) }
{ lionfish, scorpaenid,@ genus_Pterois,#m (brightly striped fish of the tropical Pacific having elongated spiny fins) }
{ Synanceja, genus_Synanceja, fish_genus,@ family_Scorpaenidae,#m (stonefishes) }
{ stonefish, Synanceja_verrucosa, scorpaenid,@ genus_Synanceja,#m (venomous tropical marine fish resembling a piece of rock) }
{ Sebastodes, genus_Sebastodes, fish_genus,@ family_Scorpaenidae,#m (rockfishes) }
{ rockfish1, scorpaenid,@ genus_Sebastodes,#m (marine food fish found among rocks along the northern coasts of Europe and America) }
{ copper_rockfish, Sebastodes_caurinus, rockfish1,@ (a rockfish of the Pacific coastal waters of North America) }
{ vermillion_rockfish, rasher, Sebastodes_miniatus, rockfish1,@ (a commercially important fish of the Pacific coast of North America) }
{ red_rockfish, Sebastodes_ruberrimus, rockfish1,@ (a large fish of the Pacific coast of North America) }
{ rosefish, ocean_perch, Sebastodes_marinus, rockfish1,@ (large fish of northern Atlantic coasts of America and Europe) }
{ Cottidae, family_Cottidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Scorpaenoidea,#m (sculpins) }
{ Cottus, genus_Cottus, fish_genus,@ family_Cottidae,#m (type genus of the Cottidae: sculpins) }
{ sculpin, scorpaenoid_fish,@ family_Cottidae,#m (any of numerous spiny large-headed usually scaleless scorpaenoid fishes with broad mouths) }
{ bullhead, sculpin,@ genus_Cottus,#m (freshwater sculpin with a large flattened bony-plated head with hornlike spines) }
{ miller's-thumb, sculpin,@ genus_Cottus,#m (small freshwater sculpin of Europe and North America) }
{ Hemitripterus, genus_Hemitripterus, fish_genus,@ family_Cottidae,#m (sea ravens) }
{ sea_raven, Hemitripterus_americanus, sculpin,@ genus_Hemitripterus,#m (large sculpin of western Atlantic; inflates itself when caught) }
{ Myxocephalus, genus_Myxocephalus, fish_genus,@ family_Cottidae,#m (grubby) }
{ grubby, Myxocephalus_aenaeus, sculpin,@ genus_Myxocephalus,#m (small sculpin of the coast of New England) }
{ Cyclopteridae, family_Cyclopteridae, fish_family,@ suborder_Scorpaenoidea,#m (lumpfishes) }
{ Cyclopterus, genus_Cyclopterus, fish_genus,@ family_Cyclopteridae,#m (type genus of the Cyclopteridae: lumpfishes) }
{ lumpfish, Cyclopterus_lumpus, scorpaenoid_fish,@ genus_Cyclopterus,#m (clumsy soft thick-bodied northern Atlantic fish with pelvic fins fused into a sucker; edible roe used for caviar) }
{ lumpsucker, lumpfish,@ (any of several very small lumpfishes) }
{ Liparididae, family_Liparididae, Liparidae, family_Liparidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Scorpaenoidea,#m (snailfishes) }
{ Liparis, genus_Liparis, fish_genus,@ family_Liparididae,#m (type genus of the Liparididae: snailfishes) }
{ snailfish, seasnail1, sea_snail1, Liparis_liparis, scorpaenoid_fish,@ genus_Liparis,#m (small tadpole-shaped cold-water fishes with pelvic fins forming a sucker; related to lumpfish) }
{ Agonidae, family_Agonidae, fish_family,@ order_Scleroparei,#m (poachers) }
{ poacher, sea_poacher, sea_poker, scorpaenoid_fish,@ family_Agonidae,#m (small slender fish (to 8 inches) with body covered by bony plates; chiefly of deeper northern Pacific waters) }
{ Agonus, genus_Agonus, fish_genus,@ family_Agonidae,#m (type genus of the Agonidae) }
{ pogge, armed_bullhead, Agonus_cataphractus, poacher,@ genus_Agonus,#m (northern Atlantic sea poacher) }
{ Aspidophoroides, genus_Aspidophoroides, fish_genus,@ family_Agonidae,#m (alligatorfishes) }
{ alligatorfish, Aspidophoroides_monopterygius, poacher,@ genus_Aspidophoroides,#m (small very elongate sea poachers) }
{ Hexagrammidae, family_Hexagrammidae, fish_family,@ order_Scleroparei,#m (greenlings) }
{ greenling1, scorpaenoid_fish,@ family_Hexagrammidae,#m (food fish of the northern Pacific) }
{ Hexagrammos, genus_Hexagrammos, fish_genus,@ family_Hexagrammidae,#m (type genus of the Hexagrammidae) }
{ kelp_greenling, Hexagrammos_decagrammus, greenling1,@ genus_Hexagrammos,#m (common food and sport fish of western coast of North America) }
{ Oxylebius, genus_Oxylebius, fish_genus,@ family_Hexagrammidae,#m (a genus of Hexagrammidae) }
{ painted_greenling, convict_fish, convictfish, Oxylebius_pictus, greenling1,@ genus_Oxylebius,#m (greenling with whitish body marked with black bands) }
{ Platycephalidae, family_Platycephalidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Scorpaenoidea,#m (scorpaenoid flatheads) }
{ flathead2, scorpaenoid_fish,@ family_Platycephalidae,#m (food fish of the Indonesian region of the Pacific; resembles gurnards) }
{ Triglidae, family_Triglidae, fish_family,@ suborder_Scorpaenoidea,#m (in some classifications restricted to the gurnards and subdivided into the subfamilies Triglinae (true sea robins) and Peristediinae (armored sea robins)) }
{ gurnard, scorpaenoid_fish,@ family_Triglidae,#m (bottom-dwelling coastal fishes with spiny armored heads and fingerlike pectoral fins used for crawling along the sea bottom) }
{ Triga, genus_Triga, fish_genus,@ family_Triglidae,#m (type genus of the Triglidae) }
{ tub_gurnard, yellow_gurnard, Trigla_lucerna, gurnard,@ genus_Triga,#m (a kind of gurnard) }
{ sea_robin, searobin, gurnard,@ (American gurnard; mostly found in bays and estuaries) }
{ Triglinae, subfamily_Triglinae, fish_family,@ family_Triglidae,#m (in some classifications considered a subfamily of Triglidae comprising searobins having ordinary scales and no barbels (true searobins)) }
{ Prionotus, genus_Prionotus, fish_genus,@ family_Triglidae,#m (a genus of Triglidae) }
{ northern_sea_robin, Prionotus_carolinus, sea_robin,@ genus_Prionotus,#m (large searobin; found from Nova Scotia to Florida) }
{ Peristediinae, subfamily_Peristediinae, fish_family,@ family_Triglidae,#m (in some classifications considered a subfamily of Triglidae comprising the armored searobins) }
{ Peristedion, genus_Peristedion, fish_genus,@ family_Triglidae,#m (in some classifications the type genus of the subfamily Peristediinae: armored sea robins) }
{ armored_searobin, armored_sea_robin, Peristedion_miniatum, sea_robin,@ genus_Peristedion,#m (sea robins having bony scutes on the body and barbels on the chin; found mostly on the continental slope) }
{ Dactylopteridae, family_Dactylopteridae, fish_family,@ order_Scleroparei,#m (flying gurnards) }
{ Dactylopterus, genus_Dactylopterus, fish_genus,@ family_Dactylopteridae,#m (a genus of Dactylopteridae) }
{ flying_gurnard, flying_robin, butterflyfish1, scorpaenoid_fish,@ family_Dactylopteridae,#m (tropical fish with huge fanlike pectoral fins for underwater gliding; unrelated to searobins) }

{ Plectognathi, order_Plectognathi, order_Tetraodontiformes, animal_order,@ superorder_Acanthopterygii,#m (boxfishes; filefishes; globefishes; ocean sunfishes; triggerfishes; puffers) }
{ plectognath, plectognath_fish, spiny-finned_fish,@ order_Plectognathi,#m (tropical marine fishes having the teeth fused into a beak and thick skin covered with bony plates or spines) }
{ Balistidae, family_Balistidae, fish_family,@ order_Plectognathi,#m (triggerfishes) }
{ triggerfish, plectognath,@ family_Balistidae,#m (any of numerous compressed deep-bodied tropical fishes with sandpapery skin and erectile spines in the first dorsal fin) }
{ Balistes, genus_Balistes, fish_genus,@ family_Balistidae,#m (type genus of the Balistidae) }
{ queen_triggerfish, Bessy_cerca, oldwench, oldwife, Balistes_vetula, triggerfish,@ genus_Balistes,#m (tropical Atlantic fish) }
{ Monocanthidae, family_Monocanthidae, fish_family,@ order_Plectognathi,#m (filefishes) }
{ filefish, plectognath,@ family_Balistidae,#m (narrow flattened warm-water fishes with leathery skin and a long file-like dorsal spine) }
{ Monocanthus, genus_Monocanthus, fish_genus,@ family_Monocanthidae,#m (type genus of the Monocanthidae) }
{ leatherjacket1, leatherfish, filefish,@ genus_Monocanthus,#m (any of several brightly colored tropical filefishes) }
{ Ostraciidae, family_Ostraciidae, family_Ostraciontidae, fish_family,@ order_Plectognathi,#m (boxfishes) }
{ boxfish, trunkfish, plectognath,@ family_Ostraciidae,#m (any of numerous small tropical fishes having body and head encased in bony plates) }
{ Lactophrys, genus_Lactophrys, fish_genus,@ family_Ostraciidae,#m (a genus of Ostraciidae) }
{ cowfish, Lactophrys_quadricornis, boxfish,@ genus_Lactophrys,#m (trunkfish having hornlike spines over the eyes) }
{ Tetraodontidae, family_Tetraodontidae, fish_family,@ order_Plectognathi,#m (puffers) }
{ [ puffer, verb.change:puff,+ ] pufferfish, blowfish, globefish, plectognath,@ family_Tetraodontidae,#m (any of numerous marine fishes whose elongated spiny body can inflate itself with water or air to form a globe; several species contain a potent nerve poison; closely related to spiny puffers) }
{ Diodontidae, family_Diodontidae, fish_family,@ order_Plectognathi,#m (spiny puffers) }
{ spiny_puffer, plectognath,@ family_Diodontidae,#m (puffers having rigid or erectile spines) }
{ Diodon, genus_Diodon, fish_genus,@ family_Diodontidae,#m (type genus of the Diodontidae) }
{ porcupinefish, porcupine_fish, Diodon_hystrix, spiny_puffer,@ genus_Diodon,#m (spines become erect when the body is inflated; worldwide in warm waters) }
{ balloonfish, Diodon_holocanthus, spiny_puffer,@ genus_Diodon,#m (similar to but smaller than porcupinefish) }
{ Chilomycterus, genus_Chilomycterus, fish_genus,@ family_Diodontidae,#m (burrfishes) }
{ burrfish, spiny_puffer,@ genus_Chilomycterus,#m (any of several fishes having rigid flattened spines) }
{ Molidae, family_Molidae, fish_family,@ order_Plectognathi,#m (ocean sunfishes) }
{ genus_Mola, fish_genus,@ family_Molidae,#m (type genus of the Molidae) }
{ ocean_sunfish, sunfish2, mola, headfish, plectognath,@ genus_Mola,#m (among the largest bony fish; pelagic fish having an oval compressed body with high dorsal and anal fins and caudal fin reduced to a rudder-like lobe; worldwide in warm waters) }
{ sharptail_mola, Mola_lanceolata, ocean_sunfish,@ (caudal fin has a central projection) }

{ Heterosomata, order_Heterosomata, order_Pleuronectiformes, animal_order,@ superorder_Acanthopterygii,#m (flatfishes: halibut; sole; flounder; plaice; turbot; tonguefishes) }
{ flatfish, spiny-finned_fish,@ order_Heterosomata,#m (any of several families of fishes having flattened bodies that swim along the sea floor on one side of the body with both eyes on the upper side) }
{ flounder, flatfish,@ (any of various European and non-European marine flatfish) }
{ Pleuronectidae, family_Pleuronectidae, fish_family,@ order_Heterosomata,#m (righteye flounders) }
{ righteye_flounder, righteyed_flounder, flatfish,@ family_Pleuronectidae,#m (flounders with both eyes on the right side of the head) }
{ Pleuronectes, genus_Pleuronectes, fish_genus,@ family_Pleuronectidae,#m (type genus of the Pleuronectidae) }
{ plaice, Pleuronectes_platessa, righteye_flounder,@ genus_Pleuronectes,#m (large European food fish) }
{ Platichthys, genus_Platichthys, fish_genus,@ family_Pleuronectidae,#m (a genus of Pleuronectidae) }
{ European_flatfish, Platichthys_flesus, righteye_flounder,@ genus_Platichthys,#m (important food fish of Europe) }
{ Limanda, genus_Limanda, fish_genus,@ family_Pleuronectidae,#m (a genus of Pleuronectidae; righteye flounders having a humped nose and small scales; the underside is often brightly colored) }
{ yellowtail_flounder, Limanda_ferruginea, righteye_flounder,@ genus_Limanda,#m (American flounder having a yellowish tail) }
{ Pseudopleuronectes, genus_Pseudopleuronectes, fish_genus,@ family_Pleuronectidae,#m (a genus of Pleuronectidae) }
{ winter_flounder, blackback_flounder, lemon_sole2, Pseudopleuronectes_americanus, righteye_flounder,@ (important American food fish in the winter) }
{ Microstomus, genus_Microstomus, fish_genus,@ family_Pleuronectidae,#m (a genus of Pleuronectidae) }
{ lemon_sole1, Microstomus_kitt, righteye_flounder,@ genus_Microstomus,#m (European flatfish highly valued as food) }
{ Hippoglossoides, genus_Hippoglossoides, fish_genus,@ family_Pleuronectidae,#m (a genus of Pleuronectidae) }
{ American_plaice, Hippoglossoides_platessoides, righteye_flounder,@ (large American food fish) }
{ halibut, holibut, flatfish,@ (marine food fish of the northern Atlantic or northern Pacific; the largest flatfish and one of the largest teleost fishes) }
{ Hippoglossus, genus_Hippoglossus, fish_genus,@ family_Pleuronectidae,#m (halibuts) }
{ Atlantic_halibut, Hippoglossus_hippoglossus, righteye_flounder,@ (largest United States flatfish) }
{ Pacific_halibut, Hippoglossus_stenolepsis, righteye_flounder,@ (a righteye flounder found in the Pacific) }
{ Bothidae, family_Bothidae, fish_family,@ order_Heterosomata,#m (a family of fish of the order Heterosomata) }
{ lefteye_flounder, lefteyed_flounder, flatfish,@ family_Bothidae,#m (flatfishes with both eyes on the left side of the head) }
{ Paralichthys, genus_Paralichthys, fish_genus,@ family_Bothidae,#m (a genus of Bothidae) }
{ southern_flounder, Paralichthys_lethostigmus, lefteye_flounder,@ genus_Paralichthys,#m (flounder of southern United States) }
{ summer_flounder, Paralichthys_dentatus, lefteye_flounder,@ genus_Paralichthys,#m (flounder of eastern coast of North America) }
{ Etropus, genus_Etropus, fish_genus,@ family_Bothidae,#m (a genus of Bothidae) }
{ grey_flounder, gray_flounder, Etropus_rimosus, lefteye_flounder,@ genus_Etropus,#m (flounder found from North Carolina to Florida and the eastern Gulf of Mexico) }
{ Citharichthys, genus_Citharichthys, fish_genus,@ family_Bothidae,#m (a genus of Bothidae) }
{ whiff, lefteye_flounder,@ genus_Citharichthys,#m (a lefteye flounder found in coastal waters from New England to Brazil) }
{ horned_whiff, Citharichthys_cornutus, whiff,@ (a whiff found in waters from the Bahamas and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil) }
{ sand_dab, lefteye_flounder,@ genus_Citharichthys,#m (small food fishes of the Pacific coast of North America) }
{ Scophthalmus, genus_Scophthalmus, fish_genus,@ family_Bothidae,#m (a genus of Bothidae) }
{ windowpane, Scophthalmus_aquosus, lefteye_flounder,@ genus_Scophthalmus,#m (very thin translucent flounder of the Atlantic coast of North America) }
{ brill, Scophthalmus_rhombus, lefteye_flounder,@ (European food fish) }
{ Psetta, genus_Psetta, fish_genus,@ family_Bothidae,#m (a genus of Bothidae) }
{ turbot, Psetta_maxima, lefteye_flounder,@ genus_Psetta,#m (a large brownish European flatfish) }
{ Cynoglossidae, family_Cynoglossidae, fish_family,@ order_Heterosomata,#m (tonguefishes) }
{ tonguefish, tongue-fish, flatfish,@ family_Cynoglossidae,#m (left-eyed marine flatfish whose tail tapers to a point; of little commercial value) }
{ Soleidae, family_Soleidae, fish_family,@ order_heterosomata,#m (soles) }
{ sole, flatfish,@ food_fish,@ family_Soleidae,#m (right-eyed flatfish; many are valued as food; most common in warm seas especially European) }
{ Solea, genus_Solea, fish_genus,@ family_Soleidae,#m (type genus of the Soleidae) }
{ European_sole, Solea_solea, sole,@ genus_Solea,#m (highly valued as food) }
{ lemon_sole, Solea_lascaris, sole,@ genus_Solea,#m (small European sole) }
{ Parophrys, genus_Parophrys, fish_genus,@ family_Soleidae,#m (a genus of Soleidae) }
{ English_sole, lemon_sole3, Parophrys_vitulus, sole,@ genus_Parophrys,#m (popular pale brown food flatfish of the Pacific coast of North America) }
{ Psettichthys, genus_Psettichthys, fish_genus,@ family_Soleidae,#m (a genus of Soleidae) }
{ sand_sole, Psettichthys_melanostichus, sole,@ genus_Psettichthys,#m (a common flatfish of the Pacific coast of North America) }
{ Trinectes, genus_Trinectes, fish_genus,@ family_Soleidae,#m (a genus of Soleidae) }
{ hogchoker, Trinectes_maculatus, sole,@ genus_Trinectes,#m (useless as food; in coastal streams from Maine to Texas and Panama) }

{ thick_skin, noun.body:skin,@ pachyderm,#p (skin that is very thick (as an elephant or rhinoceros)) }
{ thorax1, noun.body:body_part,@ insect,#p (part of an insect's body that bears the wings and legs) }
{ prothorax, thorax1,@ (the anterior part of an insect's thorax; bears the first pair of legs) }
{ [ metamere, adj.all:divided^metameric,+ ] somite, noun.object:segment,@ (one of a series of similar body segments into which some animals are divided longitudinally) }


